Vocabulary Flashcards
Pharmacology
The study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of medications.
Generic Names
Abbreviated version of the drug’s chemical name that is non-proprietary and always written in lowercase.
Trade Name
The name for a medication created by pharmaceutical companies that is considered a brand name and always starts with a capitol letter.
Pharmacokinetics
The movement of a drug throughout the body (how the body acts on a medication).
Absorption
The movement of a drug from the site of administration, into the bloodstream, and transportation throughout the body.
Passive Transport
The transportation of a medication across a cell’s membrane by simply passing through the cell’s membrane.
Carrier-Mediated Facilitated Diffusion
The transportation of a medication across a cell’s membrane via a second molecule that carries the drug molecule.
Active Transport
The transportation of a medication across a cell’s membrane via the assistance of a another molecule.
Saturable Process
A process of molecule transportation in which the extracellular concentration of a medication will eventually reach a point at which increasing the concentration of the medication will no longer result in an increase of the rate of transportation of the drug into the cell.
Enteral Administration
A pathway of medication administration in which the medication is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and is subject to first-pass metabolism.
(Orally, Buccally, Sublingually, or Rectally)
Parenteral Administration
A pathway of medication administration that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and circulates the body within minutes.
(Intravenously, Interossiously, Intramuscularly, Intranasally, Subcutaneously, Topically, Intraocularly, and via Inhalation)
First-Pass Metabolism
When enteral medications FIRST PASS through the liver before being distributed throughout the body partly metabolizing the medication and decreasing the amount of medication that will be distributed throughout the body.
Distribution
The transportation of the drug through the bloodstream to various tissues in the body then ultimately to the target site.
Lipophilic
The tendency to combine with or dissolve in lipids (fats).
Hydrophilic
Having a tendency to mix with or dissolve in water.
Volume of Distribution
The amount of body fluids required for the drug to be distributed equally throughout the body (the space the drug occupies in the body).
Bioavailability
The percentage (or fraction) of an administered dose of a medication that reaches systemic circulation.
Duration of Action
The amount of time an effect of a drug remains measurable.
Onset of Action (Latent Period)
The time from the administration of a drug until the drug exerts an observable, specific effect or response.
Half-Life
The mid-point between the highest concentration and the lowest effective concentration of a medication. The time required for the concentration of a medication to decrease by half.
Dose-Response Relationship
The correspondence between the amount of a drug and the magnitude of the effect produced.
Loading Dose
Rapid, therapeutic concentration of a medication delivered in the first of consecutive doses to reach the desired serum concentration and volume of distribution to then be maintained by maintenance doses.
Lethal Dose 50 (LD50)
The administration or effects of an administered medication were fatal in 50% of the animals tested.
Effective Dose 50 (ED50)
The effects of an administered medication were effective in 50% of the animals tested.
Therapeutic Index
The safety rating of a medication by dividing the LD50 by the ED50. A score of greater than 10 equals a good safety profile.
Metabolism
The breakdown and change of a drug by various chemical reactions throughout the body to create compounds that are more easily excreted.
Biotransformation
Changes made to the chemical structure of many types of drugs.
Cytochrome P450
Enzymes in the liver that enzymatically convert lipid-soluble compounds into more water-soluble compounds.
Monoamine Oxidase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation and inactivation of monoamine neurotransmitters.
Depot Binding
The binding of drug molecules with inactive sites in the body making the drug inaccessible for metabolism.