Vocabulary

Question 1

Alpha helix structure

Answer 1

Type of secondary protein structure formed by folding the polypeptide into a helix shape with hydrogen bonds stabilizing the structure

Question 2

Amino acid

Answer 2

A proteins monomer has a central carbon or alpha carbon to which an amino group a carboxyl group a hydrogen and an R group or side chain is attached the R group is different for all 20 common amino acids

Question 3

Beta pleated sheet

Answer 3

Secondary structure in proteins in which hydrogen bonding forms pleats between atoms on the polypeptide chains backbone

Question 4

Biological macromolecule

Answer 4

Large molecule necessary for life that is built from smaller organic molecules

Question 5

Carbohydrate

Answer 5

Biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen and to oxygen is 1;2;1 carbohydrate serve as energy sources and structural support in cells that form Anthro pods cellular exoskeleton

Question 6

Cellulose

Answer 6

Polysaccharide that compromises the plant cell wall provides structural support to the cell

Question 7

Chaperone

Answer 7

Protein that helps nascent proteins in the folding process

Question 8

Chitin

Answer 8

Type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of all arthropods that include crustaceans and insects it also forms fungi cell walls

Question 9

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 9

Reaction that links monomer molecules releasing a water molecule for each bond form

Question 10

Denaturation

Answer 10

Loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature pH or chemical exposure

Question 11

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 11

Also known as DNA a double helical molecule that carries the cells hereditary information

Question 12

Disaccharide

Answer 12

Two sugar monomers that a glycosidic bond links

Question 13

Enzyme

Answer 13

Catalyst in a bio chemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein 

Question 14

Glycogen

Answer 14

Storage carbohydrate and animals

Question 15

Glycosidic bond

Answer 15

Bond formed by dehydration reaction between two monosaccharides with eliminating a water molecule

Question 16

Hormone 

Answer 16

Chemical signaling molecule usually protein or steroid secreted by endocrine cells that act to control or regulate specific physiological processes

Question 17

Hydrolysis

Answer 17

Reaction that causes breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules by utilizing water

Question 18

Lipid

Answer 18

Macromolecule that is non-polar an insoluble in water

Question 19

Messenger RNA

Answer 19

RNA that carries information from DNA to ribosomes during protein synthesis

Question 20

Monomer

Answer 20

Smallest unit of larger molecules that are polymers

Question 21

Monosaccharide

Answer 21

Single unit of monomer carbohydrates

Question 22

Nucleic acid

Answer 22

Biological macromolecule that carries the cells genetic blueprint in carries instructions for the cells functioning

Question 23

Nucleotide

Answer 23

Monomer of nucleic acids contains a pentose sugar one or more phosphate groups and a nitrogenous base

Question 24

Omega fat

Answer 24

Type of polyunsaturated fat that the Body requires numbering the carbon omega starts from the methyl end or the end that is farthest from the carboxylic and

Question 25

Peptide bond

Answer 25

Bond formed between two amino acids by a dehydration reaction

Question 26

Phosphodiester linkage

Answer 26

Covalent chemical bond that holds together the poly nucleotide change with a phosphate group linking neighboring nucleotides to pentose sugar’s

Question 27

Phospholipid

Answer 27

Membranes major constituent compromised up to fatty acids and a phosphate containing group attached to a glycerol backbone

Question 28

Polymer

Answer 28

Chain of monomer residues that covalent bonds link polymerization is the process of polymer formation from monomers by condensation

Question 29

Polynucleotide

Answer 29

Long chains of nucleotides

Question 30

Polypeptide

Answer 30

Long chain of monosaccharides that may be branched or unbranched

Question 31

Primary structure

Answer 31

Linear sequence of amino acids in a protein

Question 32

Protein

Answer 32

Biological macromolecule compromised of one or more amino acid chains

Question 33

Purine

Answer 33

Type of nitrogenous base in DNA and RNA adenine and guanine are purines

Question 34

Pryimidine

Answer 34

Type of nitrogenous base in DNA and RNA cytosine thymine and uracil are pyramidines

Question 35

Quanternary structure

Answer 35

Association of discrete polypeptide and subunits in a protein

Question 36

Ribonucleic acid

Answer 36

RNA Single-stranded often internally base paired molecule that is involved in protein synthesis

Question 37

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 37

RNA that ensures the proper alignment of the mRNA and the ribosomes during protein synthesis in catalyzes forming the peptide linkage

Question 38

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 38

Long chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized

Question 39

Secondary structure

Answer 39

Regular structure that proteins form by intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the oxygen atom of one amino acid residue and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom of another amino acid residue

Question 40

Starch

Answer 40

Storage carbohydrate in plants

Question 41

Steroid

Answer 41

Type of lipid compromised of four fused hydrocarbon rings forming a planar structure

Question 42

Tertiary structure

Answer 42

And proteins three-dimensional confirmation including interactions between secondary structural elements formed from interactions between amino acid side chains

Question 43

Trans fat

Answer 43

Fat formed artificially by hydrogenating oils leading to a different arrangement of double bonds than those in naturally occurring lipids

Question 44

Transcription

Answer 44

Process through which messenger RNA forms a template of DNA

Question 45

Transfer RNA

Answer 45

RNA that carries activated amino acids to the site of protein synthesis on the ribosome

Question 46

Translation

Answer 46

Process through which RNA directs the proteins formation

Question 47

Triacylglycerol

Answer 47

Also known as triglyceride a fat molecule consists of three fatty acids link to a glycerol molecule

Question 48

Unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 48

Long chain hydrocarbon that has one or more double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain

Question 49

Wax

Answer 49

Lipid Comprised of a long chain fatty acid that is testified to a long chain alcohol serves as a protective coating on some feathers aquatic mammal fur and leaves