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Biology Chapter 2 > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

compounds that release hydrogen ions are

A

acid

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2
Q
A

amino acid

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3
Q

is defined as the smallest unit of an element that still has the distinctive chemical properties of that element

A

atom

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4
Q

the sum of an atoms proton and neutrons another distinguishing feature of each element, is its

A

atomic mass number

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5
Q

the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus is the.. of that particular element

A

atomic number

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6
Q
A

ATP

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7
Q

a compound that takes hydrogen ions is a

A

base

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8
Q

substances called… meet this need by maintaining the concentration of hydrogen ions within narrow limits.

A

buffer

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9
Q
A

carbohydrate

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10
Q
A

cellulose

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11
Q

the interaction that causes two atoms to associate with each other is known as a

A

chemical bonds

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12
Q
A

dehydration reaction

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13
Q

is a substance in which atoms from two or more different elements are bonded together, each in a precise ratio.

A

chemical compound

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14
Q
A

chemical formula

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15
Q

the process of breaking or creating chemical bonds is known as

A

chemical reaction

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16
Q

is the attractive force that holds atoms ore molecules of the same kind to one another

A

cohesion

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17
Q

in which atoms share electrons to form molecules

A

covalent bond

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18
Q
A

denaturation

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19
Q
A

disaccharide

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20
Q

have a negative charge, goes around the nucleus of an atom

A

electrons

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21
Q

is a pure substance that has distinctive physical and chemical properties

A

element

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22
Q
A

enzyme

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23
Q

when heat energy is supplied to a liquid, some molecules become energetic enough to make the transition from the liquid to the gaseous state

A

evaporation

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24
Q
A

fatty acid

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25
Q
A

functional group

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26
Q
A

glucose

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27
Q
A

glycogen

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28
Q
A

hormone

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29
Q

is the week attraction between a hydrogen atom that has a slight positive charge and a neighboring atom with a slight negative charge.

A

hydrogen bond

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30
Q
A

hydrolytic reaction

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31
Q

molecules that associate with water

A

hydrophilic

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32
Q

molecules that are excluded from water

A

hydrophobic

33
Q
A

ion

34
Q

in which atoms with opposite electrical charge are held together by their mutual attraction

A

ionic bond

35
Q

of an element has the same atomic number, but different atomic mas number

A

isotope

36
Q
A

lipid

37
Q

small organic molecules can link up via covalent bonds to create larger assemblies of atoms called…

A

macromolecule

38
Q

is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space

A

matter

39
Q

atoms share electrons to form

A

molecule

40
Q
A

monomer

41
Q
A

monosaccharide

42
Q

lacks any electrical charge, is a buffer in the nucleus

A

neutron

43
Q
A

nitrogenous base

44
Q

uncharged substances, electrons are being shared causing symmetry

A

non polar molecule

45
Q
A

nucleic acid

46
Q
A

nucleotide

47
Q

a single atom has a dense central core called the

A

nucleus

48
Q

biomolecules that include at least one carbon-hydrogen bond are referred to as organic molecules

A

organic molecule

49
Q
A

peptide bond

50
Q

hydrogen ion concentration is commonly expressed on a scale from 0 to 14

A

pH scale

51
Q
A

phosphate group

52
Q
A

phospholipid

53
Q
A

phospholipid bilayer

54
Q
A

plasma membrane

55
Q

the uneven distribution of electrical charge in a … makes one end of the molecule slightly negative and the other slightly positive

A

polar molecule

56
Q
A

polymer

57
Q
A

polypeptide

58
Q
A

polysaccharide

59
Q
A

primary structure

60
Q

the alteration of electron sharing patterns through a chemical reaction yields at least one chemical substance that is different from the reactants, and any newly formed substances are called the

A

product

61
Q
A

protein

62
Q

have a positive charge, and makes up the nucleus

A

proton

63
Q
A

quaternary structure

64
Q

have unstable nuclei that change into simpler forms, releasing high energy radiation in the process

A

radioisotope

65
Q

is a substance that undergoes a chemical reaction, either alone or in conjunction with other reactants

A

reactant

66
Q
A

RNA

67
Q
A

salt

68
Q
A

saturated fatty acid

69
Q
A

secondary structure

70
Q

a dissolved substance

A

solute

71
Q

the fluid into which the solute has disolved

A

solvent

72
Q

is any combination of a solute and a solvent

A

solution

73
Q
A

starch

74
Q
A

sterol

75
Q

is an important property of water resulting from the cohesiveness of water molecules

A

surface tension

76
Q
A

tertiary structure

77
Q
A

triglyceride

78
Q
A

unsaturated fatty acid

Biology Chapter 2 (2 decks)

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