Vocabulary

Question 1

concurrent powers

Answer 1

Powers granted to both states and the federal government in the constitution.

Question 2

pork barrel spending

Answer 2

Legislation that directs specific funds to projects within districts or states.

Question 3

selective incorporation

Answer 3

The process through which the Supreme Court applies fundamental rights in the Bill of Rights to the states on a case-by-case basis.

Question 4

24 amendment

Answer 4

Prohibits Congress and the states from imposing poll taxes as a condition for voting in federal elections.

Question 5

block grant

Answer 5

A type of grants-in-aid that gives state officials more authority in the disbursement of federal funds (no strings attached).

Question 6

federal mandates

Answer 6

An order or requirement by the federal government that a state, or a local unit of government take some positive action.

Question 7

categorical grants

Answer 7

Grants-in-aid provided to states with specific provisions on their use (strings attached).

Question 8

libertarianism

Answer 8

An ideology favoring very little government intervention beyond protecting private property and individual liberty.

Question 9

brutus 15

Answer 9

The Supreme Court is exalted above all other power in the government. They have no the power above them.

Question 10

political socialization

Answer 10

The experiences and factors that shape our political values, attitudes, and behaviors.

Question 11

2 amendment

Answer 11

The right to keep and bear arms.

Question 12

8 amendment

Answer 12

Protection against excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel/unusual punishment.

Question 13

16 amendment

Answer 13

Congress can levy taxes on any income source.

Question 14

26 amendment

Answer 14

Lowered the voting age in the U.S. from 21 to 18.

Question 15

judicial review

Answer 15

The authority of the Supreme Court to strike down a law or executive action if it conflicts with the constitution.

Question 16

federalism

Answer 16

The sharing of power between the national government and the states.

Question 17

executive order

Answer 17

Policy directives issued by presidents that do not require congressional approval.

Question 18

president pro-tempore

Answer 18

High ranking senator who is over the Senate in the absence of the Vice President.

Question 19

speaker of the house

Answer 19

Leader of the House of Representatives, chosen by an election of its members.

Question 20

voting acts right 1965

Answer 20

Legislation outlawing literacy tests or any other voting restrictions.

Question 21

civil rights act 1964

Answer 21

Legislation outlawing racial segregation.

Question 22

exit poll

Answer 22

A survey conducted outside a polling place in which individuals are asked who or what they use voted for and why.

Question 23

benchmark poll

Answer 23

A survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are important to voters.

Question 24

due process clause

Answer 24

Limits federal government, the 5th amendment.

Question 25

necessary and proper clause

Answer 25

Grants Congress the powers necessary to carry out its enumerated powers.

Question 26

free exercise clause

Answer 26

1st Amendment protection of the rights of individuals to exercise and express their religious beliefs.

Question 27

equal protection clause

Answer 27

requires the states to treat all citizens alike with regard to application of the laws.

Question 28

prospective voting

Answer 28

Voting based of what the candidate promises to do in the future.

Question 29

party-line voting

Answer 29

Voting for candidates who belong to your own party.

Question 30

retrospective voting

Answer 30

Voting based on an the candidates past performance.

Question 31

rational choice voting

Answer 31

Voting based on what a person believes is best for themselves.

Question 32

1st amendment

Answer 32

Freedom of speech, assembly, press, and religion.

Question 33

formal powers

Answer 33

Powers granted to the president in the constitution.

Question 34

informal powers

Answer 34

The powers that the president has that aren’t really granted in the constitution.

Question 35

trustee model

Answer 35

The idea that members of Congress should act as trustees making decisions based on their knowledge and judgement.

Question 36

interstate commerce clause

Answer 36

Congress has the power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce.

Question 37

supremacy clause

Answer 37

Constitutional provision declaring that the constitution and all national laws and treaties ar the supreme law of the land.

Question 38

establishment clause

Answer 38

Protection against the government requiring citizens to join or support a religion.