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Pharm Tech > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

absolute bioavailability

A

the bioavailability of a drug
product compared to the same drug in the form of a
rapidly administered IV solution.

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2
Q

absorption

A

the movement of the drug from the dosage

formulation into the blood.

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3
Q

abstracting services

A

services that locate and summarize
professional and scientific journal articles on specific
topIcs.

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4
Q

active transport

A

the movement of drugs from an area of

lower concentration to an area of higher concentration; cellular energy is required

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5
Q

acute condition

A

a sudden condition requiring immediate

treatment.

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6
Q

acute viral hepatitis

A

an inflammatory condition of the

liver caused by viruses.

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7
Q

additive

A

a drug that is added to a parenteral solution.

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8
Q

additive effects

A

the summation in effect when two drugs

with similar pharmacological actions are taken.

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9
Q

admission orders

A

the initial medications ordered when a

patient is admitted to the hospital.

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10
Q

admixture

A

the resulting solution when a drug is added

to a parenteral solution.

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11
Q

adverse drug effect/event/reaction

A

an unintended side effect of a medication that is negative or in some way injurious to a patient’s health; injury may be preventable in some cases but may be unpredictable and unavoidable in other cases.

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12
Q

agonists

A

drugs that activate receptors to accelerate or

slow normal cell function.

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13
Q

alimentary tract

A

the organs from the mouth to the anus.

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14
Q

aliquot

A

a portion of a mixture.

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15
Q

alveolar sacs (alveoli)

A

the small sacs in the lungs that transfer oxygen out of inspired air into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood and into air that will be exhaled.

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16
Q

ampules

A

sealed glass containers with an elongated neck

that must be snapped off before use.

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17
Q

analgesia

A

a state in which pain is not felt even though a

painful condition exists.

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18
Q

anaphylactic shockw

A

a potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction producing severe respiratory distress and cardiovascular collapse.

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19
Q

androgens

A

male sex hormones.

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20
Q

anemia

A

a decrease in hemoglobin, or red blood cells.

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21
Q

anhydrous

A

without water molecules.

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22
Q

anions

A

negatively charged particles.

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23
Q

antagonists

A

drugs that bind with receptors but do not activate them. They block receptor action by preventing other drugs or substances from activating them.

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24
Q

anthelmintics

A

drugs that destroy worms.

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25
Q

antibiotic

A

a substance that harms or kills microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.

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26
Q

antibiotic therapy

A

a common home infusion service used for treating AIDS-related and other infections.

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27
Q

antidote

A

a drug that antagonizes the toxic effect of

another drug.

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28
Q

antihyperlipidemics

A

drugs that lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

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29
Q

antipyretic

A

reduces fever.

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30
Q

antitoxin

A

a substance that acts against a toxin in the body; also, a vaccine containing antitoxins, used to
fight disease.

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31
Q

antitussive

A

a drug that acts against a cough.

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32
Q

aqueous

A

water based.

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33
Q

arrest knob

A

the knob on a balance that prevents any

movement of the balance pans.

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34
Q

arrhythmia

A

an abnormal heart rhythm.

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35
Q

aseptic techniques

A

methods that maintain the sterile condition of products.

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36
Q

automated dispensing cabinet

A

an automated device that dispenses medications at the point-of-use.

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37
Q

automated filling machines

A

automated machines that fill and label pill bottles with correct quantities of ordered drugs.

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38
Q

auxiliary labels

A

labels regarding specific warnings, foods or medications to avoid, potential side effects, and other cautionary interactions.

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39
Q

bactericidal

A

bacteria killing.

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40
Q

bacteriostatic

A

bacteria inhibiting.

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41
Q

batching

A

preparation of large quantities of unit dose oral solutions/suspensions or small volume parenterals for future use.

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42
Q

bevel

A

an angled surface at the tip of a needle.

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43
Q

beyond-use date

A

a date assigned to compounded prescriptions beyond which the preparation should not be used.

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44
Q

bioavailability

A

the amount of an administered dose that reaches the general circulation and the rate at which this occurs.

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45
Q

biocompatibility

A

not irritating; does not promote infection or abscess.

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46
Q

bioequivalency

A

the comparison of bioavailability between two dosage forms.

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47
Q

biopharmaceutics

A

the study of the factors associated with drug products and physiological processes, and the resulting systemic concentrations of the drugs.

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48
Q

black box warning

A

information on a prescription drug’s product labeling calling attention to serious or life threatening risks.

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49
Q

blocker

A

another term for an antagonist drug, because antagonists block the action of neurotransmitters.

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50
Q

body surface area

A

a measure used for dosage that is calculated from the height and weight of a person and measured in square meters.

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51
Q

bronchodilators

A

a medication that decongests the bronchial tubes.

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52
Q

buccal

A

pouch between the cheek and teeth in the mouth.

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53
Q

buffer system

A

ingredients in a formulation designed to control the pH.

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54
Q

bulk compounding log

A

a record of medications that are compounded in the pharmacy for nonspecific patients. Information must include a list of all the ingredients, amounts used, manufacturer, lot numbers, and expiration dates of each specific ingredient.

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55
Q

calcium channel blockers

A

drugs that lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels.

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56
Q

calibrate

A

to set, mark, or check the graduations of a

measuring device.

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57
Q

cardiac cycle

A

the contraction and relaxation of the heart

that pumps blood through the cardiovascular system.

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58
Q

cations

A

positively charged particles.

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59
Q

central pharmacy

A

the main inpatient pharmacy in a hospital that has pharmacy satellites. It is the place where most of the hospital’s medications are prepared and stored.

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60
Q

certification

A

a legal document certifying that an individ-

ual meets certain objective standards, usually provided by a neutral professional organization.

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61
Q

Chapter <795>

A

regulations from USP-NF pertaining to compounding nonsterile preparations.

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62
Q

Chapter <797>

A

regulations from USP-NF pertaining to compounding sterile preparations.

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63
Q

chronic condition

A

a continuing condition that requires ongoing treatment for a prolonged period.

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64
Q

chyme

A

the semiliquid form of food as it enters the intes-

tinal tract.

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65
Q

cirrhosis

A

a chronic liver disease causing loss of function.

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66
Q

civil law

A

laws pertaining to wrongs to an individual.

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67
Q

clean room

A

area designed for the preparation of sterile

products.

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68
Q

close call

A

a medication safety event that had the potentil to cause harm but did not reach the patient.

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69
Q

closed formulary

A

a limited list of approved medications; a type of formulary that requires physicians to order only those medications on the formulary list; some exceptions may apply.

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70
Q

clotting factors

A

factors in the blood coagulation process.

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71
Q

CMS-1500 form

A

the standard form used by health-care providers to bill for services, including disease state management services.

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72
Q

CMS-10114 form

A

the standard form used by health-care providers to apply for a National Provider Identifier (NPI)

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73
Q

co-insurance

A

an agreement for cost-sharing between the insurer and the insured.

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74
Q

co-pay

A

the portion of the price of medication that the

patient is required to pay.

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75
Q

code cart

A

a locked cart of medications and other medi-

cal equipment designed for emergency use.

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76
Q

colloids

A

particles up to a hundred times smaller than
those in suspensions that are, however, likewise sus-
pended in a solution.

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77
Q

Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act (CMEA)

A

federal law that sets daily and monthly limits on OTC sale of pseudoephedrine and ephedrine.

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78
Q

combining vowel

A

a vowel used to connect the prefix, root word, or suffix parts of a term.

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79
Q

competent

A

being qualified and capable.

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80
Q

complexation

A

when two different molecules associate or

attach to each other.

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81
Q

compliance

A

doing what is required.

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82
Q

compounded sterile preparation (SP)

A

a compounded sterile dosage form.

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83
Q

compounding community pharmacy

A

pharmacies that specialize in providing compounding services but may also fill prescriptions for commercially available products and/or sell some over-the-counter products; some-times called hybrid pharmacies.

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84
Q

Compounding Record

A

a record of what actually happened when the preparation was compounded.

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85
Q

compression molding

A

a method of making suppositories in which the ingredients are compressed in a mold.

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86
Q

concentration

A

the strength of a solution as measured by the weight-to-volume or volume-to-volume of the substance being measured.

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87
Q

confidential

A

the requirement of health-care providers to
keep all patient information private among the patient, the patient’s insurer, and the providers directly involved in the patient’s care.

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88
Q

conjunctiva

A

the eyelid lining.

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89
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva (eyelid

lining).

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90
Q

consultant pharmacist

A

develops and maintains an individual pharmaceutical plan for each long-term care patient.

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91
Q

contraceptive

A

device or formulation designed to prevent

pregnancy.

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92
Q

contracts

A

legal agreements that have duties associated with them.

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93
Q

controlled substance mark the mark (CII-CV)

A

that indicates the control category of a drug with a potential for abuse.

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94
Q

controlled substances

A

five groups of drugs identified by the 1970 Controlled Substances Act (CSA) as having the potential for abuse and whose distribution is therefore strictly controlled by five control schedules set forth in the CSA.

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95
Q

conversions

A

changing one unit of measure into another

so that both amounts are equal.

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96
Q

coring

A

when a needle damages the rubber closure of a

parenteral container causing fragments of the closure to fall into the container and contaminate its contents.

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97
Q

corticosteroid

A

hormonal steroid substances produced by

the cortex of the adrenal gland.

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98
Q

counting tray

A

a tray designed for counting pills.

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99
Q

CPOE

A

a system in which the physician or agent of the

physician enters orders directly into the hospital computer system.

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100
Q

criminal law

A

laws pertaining to a wrong to society.

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101
Q

Current Procedural Terminology codes (CPT codes)

A

identifiers used for billing MTM services.

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102
Q

DAW (dispense as written)

A

mechanism by which a prescriber may indicate that the brand product, not the equivalent generic, must be dispensed.

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103
Q

data

A

information that is entered into and stored in a

computer system.

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104
Q

database

A

a collection of information structured so that
specific information within it can easily be retrieved
and used.

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105
Q

days supply

A

the number of days the prescribed quantity

of medication will last when taken as directed.

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106
Q

DEA number

A

required on all controlled drug prescriptions; identifies the prescriber.

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107
Q

deductible

A

a set amount that must be paid by the patient
for each benefit period before the insurer will cover
additional expenses.

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108
Q

denominator

A

the bottom or right number in a fraction.

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109
Q

depot

A

the area in the muscle where a formulation is

injected during an intramuscular injection.

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110
Q

depth filter

A

a filter that can filter solutions being drawn
into or expelled from a syringe, but not both ways in
the same procedure.

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111
Q

dermatological

A

a product used to treat a skin condition.

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112
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

a condition in which the body does not

produce enough insulin or is unable to use it efficiently.

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113
Q

dialysis

A

movement of particles in a solution through

permeable membranes.

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114
Q

diastolic pressure

A

the blood pressure after the heart has

completed a pumping stroke.

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115
Q

diluent

A

a solvent that dissolves a freeze-dried lyophilized powder or dilutes a solution.

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116
Q

discharge pharmacy technician

A

a technician who specializes in outpatient pharmacy services that may be offered to patients when they are leaving the hospital.

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117
Q

disintegration

A

the breaking apart of a tablet into smaller pieces.

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118
Q

displacement

A

a drug that is bound to a plasma protein is removed when another drug of greater binding potential binds to the same protein.

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119
Q

disposition

A

a term sometimes used to refer to all of the

ADME processes together.

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120
Q

dissociation

A

when a compound breaks down and separates into smaller components.

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121
Q

dissolution

A

when the smaller pieces of a disintegrated

tablet dissolve in solution.

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122
Q

Distributive pharmacist

A

Makes sure long-term care patients receive the correct medications ordered

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123
Q

diuretics

A

drugs that increase the elimination of salts and

water through urination.

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124
Q

drip rate

A

the measurement for IV flow rate; the number

of drops per minute.

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125
Q

drip rounds

A

a process in which the pharmacy technician goes to specific nursing units to find out what IV drips will be needed later that day.

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126
Q

drop shipments

A

lower-volume, high-cost medications shipped on an as-need basis directly from the manufacturer and billed through the wholesaler.

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127
Q

drug-diet interactions

A

when elements of ingested nutrients interact with a drug and this affects the disposition of the drug.

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128
Q

drug recall

A

voluntary or involuntary removal of a drug product by the manufacturer; usually pertaining to a particular shipment or lot number.

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129
Q

drug resistance

A

the reduction of an antibiotic’s effectiveness.

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130
Q

dual co-pay

A

co-pays that have two prices: one for generic and one for brand medications.

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131
Q

dual marketing

A

status of medications like Plan B® that are classified as both prescription and OTC drugs.

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132
Q

DUR (Drug Utilization Review) warning

A

an alert or message generated by the pharmacy or insurance company computer system notifying the pharmacist of a potential drug safety or payment concern.

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133
Q

duration of action

A

the time drug concentration is above the minimum effective concentration (MEC).

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134
Q

edema

A

swelling from abnormal retention of fluid.

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135
Q

electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)

A

a graph of the heart’s rhythms.

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136
Q

electrolytes substances

A

that in solution form ions that conduct an electrical current.

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137
Q

electronic medical record (EMR) or electronic health

record (EHR)

A

a computerized patient medical record.

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138
Q

elimination

A

the processes of metabolism and excretion.

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139
Q

embolism, embolus

A

a clot that has traveled in the blood-stream to a point where it obstructs flow.

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140
Q

emergency drug procurement

A

to quickly obtain a medication not currently in stock in the pharmacy in situations where the drug is urgently needed.

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141
Q

emulsifier

A

a stabilizing agent in emulsions.

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142
Q

emulsions

A

mixture of two liquids that do not mix with each other; one liquid is dispersed through the other by mixing and using an emulsifier for stability.

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143
Q

endocrine system

A

a system of organs and glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

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144
Q

enteral

A

a route of administration to any organ in the alimentary tract (i.e., from the mouth to the anus).

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145
Q

enterohepatic cycling

A

the transfer of drugs and their metabolites from the liver to the bile in the gall bladder, then into the intestine, and then back into circulation.

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146
Q

enzyme

A

a complex protein that catalyzes chemical reactions.

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147
Q

enzyme induction

A

the increase in hepatic enzyme activity that results in greater metabolism of drugs.

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148
Q

enzyme inhibition

A

the decrease in hepatic enzyme activity that results in reduced metabolism of drugs.

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149
Q

epidural

A

a sterile, preservative-free medication administered into a patient’s epidural space (located near the spinal cord and backbone).

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150
Q

equivalent weight

A

a drug’s molecular weight divided by its valence; a measure of electrolyte concentration.

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151
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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152
Q

estrogen, progesterone

A

female sex characteristics hormones produced by the female reproductive system and involved in calcium and phosphorus conservation.

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153
Q

ethics

A

a branch of philosophy that helps determine what

should be done in a principled sense.

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154
Q

Eustachian tube

A

the tube that connects the middle ear to the throat.

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155
Q

exempt narcotics

A

medications with habit-forming ingredients that can be dispensed by a pharmacist without a prescription to persons at least 18 years of age.

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156
Q

extemporaneous compounding

A

the on-demand preparation of a drug product according to a physician’s prescription, formula, or recipe, usually because the drug product is not available commercially.

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157
Q

extracellular fluid

A

the fluid outside the body’s individual cells found in plasma and tissue fluid.

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158
Q

fibrin

A

the fiber that serves as the structure for clot

formation.

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159
Q

fibrinogen

A

Factor I.

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160
Q

final filter

A

a device used to remove particulate matter; placed at the end point of an IV line just before it enters a patient’s vein.

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161
Q

finger cots

A

protective coverings for fingers.

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162
Q

first-pass metabolism

A

the substantial degradation of an orally administered drug caused by enzyme metabolism in the liver before the drug reaches systemic circulation.

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163
Q

flashball

A

a flexible rubber bulb near the needle adapter of an administration set used to determine if the needle is properly placed in the vein.

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164
Q

flexor movement

A

an expansion or outward movement caused by muscles.

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165
Q

flocculating agent

A

electrolytes used in the preparation of suspensions to form particles that can be easily redispersed.

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166
Q

floor stock

A

supplies, over-the-counter medications, and IV fluids available for immediate use on a nursing unit or ancillary area; these items are not labeled for individual patients.

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167
Q

flow rate

A

the rate (in mL/hour or mL/minute) at which solution is administered to the patient.

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168
Q

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

A

a national regulatory body in the United States that oversees the approval, manufacture, and distribution of drugs for the safety of the public.

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169
Q

formulary

A

a list of stocked drugs that have been selected based on therapeutic factors as well as cost; a list of medications approved for use.

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170
Q

Formulation Record

A

formulas and procedures (i.e., recipes) for what should happen when a preparation is compounded.

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171
Q

fusion molding

A

a suppository preparation method in which the active ingredients are dispersed or dissolved in a melted suppository base.

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172
Q

gastric emptying

A

time the time a drug stays in the stomach before it is emptied into the small intestine.

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173
Q

gastrointestinal tract

A

part of the alimentary tract involved in the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.

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174
Q

gauge

A

a measurement with needles: the higher the gauge, the smaller the lumen.

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175
Q

geometric dilution

A

a technique for mixing two powders of unequal quantity.

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176
Q

glaucoma

A

abnormally high pressure within the eye leading to optic nerve damage and loss of vision.

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177
Q

glomerular filtration

A

the blood filtering process of the nephron.

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178
Q

glucagon

A

a hormone that helps convert amino acids to glucose.

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179
Q

gout

A

a painful inflammatory condition in which excess uric acid accumulates in the joints.

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180
Q

hand hygiene

A

a broad term that pertains to proper

handwashing or use of antiseptic hand gel/rub.

181
Q

Health Information Technology for Economic and

Clinical Health Act (HITECH)

A

a federal act that strengthens HIPAA and promotes use of electronic prescribing and electronic medical records.

182
Q

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

HIPAA

A

a federal act that, among other things, protects the privacy of individuals and the sharing of protected health information.

183
Q

hematopoietics

A

drugs used to treat anemia.

184
Q

hemorrhoid

A

painful swollen veins in the anal/rectal area, generally caused by strained bowel movements
from hard stools.

185
Q

hemostatic drugs

A

drugs that prevent excessive bleeding.

186
Q

HEPA filter

A

a high-efficiency particulate air filter.

187
Q

heparin lock

A

an administration device used when a pri-

mary solution is not available.

188
Q

high-alert medications

A

medications that are known to cause significant harm if an error is made.

189
Q

HMOs

A

a network of providers for which costs are cov-

ered inside but not outside of the network.

190
Q

home care agencies

A

home nursing care businesses that provide a range of health-care services, including infusion.

191
Q

homeostasis

A

the state of equilibrium of the body.

192
Q

horizontal airflow workstation

A

a laminar flow workstation with horizontal airflow across the work area.

193
Q

hormones

A

chemicals produced by the body that regulate body functions and processes.

194
Q

hub

A

the part of the needle that attaches to the syringe.

195
Q

human genome

A

the complete set of genetic material contained in a human cell.

196
Q

hydrates

A

absorbs water.

197
Q

hydrophilic

A

capable of associating with or absorbing water.

198
Q

hydrophilic emulsifier

A

a stabilizing agent for water based dispersion mediums.

199
Q

hydrophobic

A

water repelling; cannot associate with water.

200
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

a condition in which thyroid hormone secretions are above normal, often referred to as an overactive thyroid.

201
Q

hypertonic

A

when a solution has a greater osmolarity than that of blood.

202
Q

hypothalamus

A

the gland that is the control center for the endocrine system.

203
Q

hypothyroidism

A

a condition in which thyroid hormone secretions are below normal, often referred to as an underactive thyroid.

204
Q

hypotonic

A

when a solution has a lesser osmolarity than that of blood.

205
Q

idiosyncrasy

A

an unexpected reaction the first time a drug is taken, generally due to genetic causes.

206
Q

immiscible

A

cannot be mixed.

207
Q

incident report

A

a statement of facts surrounding a medical error or incident.

208
Q

infection control committee

A

a hospital committee in charge of the surveillance, prevention and control of infection within the hospital.

209
Q

infusion

A

the gradual intravenous injection of a volume of fluid into a patient.

210
Q

injectability

A

the ease of flow when a suspension is injected into a patient.

211
Q

injunction

A

a court order preventing a specific action, such as the distribution of a potentially dangerous drug.

212
Q

inpatient pharmacy

A

a pharmacy located in a hospital that services only those patients in the hospital and its ancillary areas.

213
Q

inspiration

A

breathing in.

214
Q

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

A

a committee that assures hospital research complies with federal, hospital, and ethical standards.

215
Q

insulin

A

a hormone that controls the body’s use of glucose.

216
Q

integumentary system

A

the body covering, i.e., skin, hair, and nails.

217
Q

interpersonal skills

A

skills involving relationships between people.

218
Q

interstitial fluid

A

tissue fluid.

219
Q

intracellular fluid

A

cell fluid.

220
Q

intraocular

A

inside the eve.

221
Q

intrauterine device (IUD)

A

an intrauterine contraceptive device that is placed in the uterus for a prolonged period of time.

222
Q

intravenous piggyback (IVPB)

A

a small volume parenteral that will be added into or “piggybacked” into a large volume parenteral (LVP).

223
Q

inventory

A

a list of goods or items a business uses in its normal operations.

224
Q

ions

A

electrically-charged particles.

225
Q

iontophoresis

A

low-level electric current used to enhance drug penetration through the skin.

226
Q

irrigation solution

A

large volume splash solutions used during surgical or urologic procedures to bathe and moisten body tissues.

227
Q

islands (or islets) of Langerhans

A

specialized cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.

228
Q

isotonic

A

when a solution has an osmolarity equivalent to that of blood.

229
Q

lacrimal canalicula

A

the tear ducts.

230
Q

lacrimal gland

A

the gland that produces tears for the eye.

231
Q

laminar flow

A

continuous movement at a uniform rate in one direction.

232
Q

least common denominator

A

smallest possible denominator tor an equivalent fraction so that two fractions can be added or subtracted and have the same denominator.

233
Q

legend drug

A

any drug that requires a prescription and either of these “legends” on the label: “Caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing without a prescription, “Rx only.”

234
Q

levigation

A

triturating a powder drug with a solvent in

which it is insoluble to reduce its particle size.

235
Q

liability

A

legal responsibility for costs or damages arising from misconduct or negligence.

236
Q

licensure

A

the individual has met the state’s requirement for licensure and the state agency has issued a license.

237
Q

lipoidal

A

fat-like or lipid-loving.

238
Q

lipophilic emulsifier

A

a stabilizing agent for oil-based dispersion mediums.

239
Q

local effect

A

when drug activity is at the site of administration.

240
Q

look-alikes

A

drug names that have similar appearance, particularly when written.

241
Q

lumen

A

the hollow center of a needle.

242
Q

lymphocytes

A

a type of white blood cell that helps defend the body against bacteria and diseased cells.

243
Q

lyophilized

A

freeze-dried.

244
Q

maintenance medication

A

a medication that is required on a continuing basis for the treatment of a chronic condition.

245
Q

malpractice

A

a type of negligence lawsuit brought against a person with a professional license.

246
Q

markup

A

the difference between the retailer’s sale price and their purchase price.

247
Q

materia medica

A

generally pharmacology, but also refers to the drugs in use (from the Latin materia, matter, and medica, medical).

248
Q

maximum allowable cost (MAC)

A

the maximum price per tablet (or other dispensing unit) an insurer or PBM will pay for a given product.

249
Q

Medicaid

A

a federal-state program, administered by the states, providing health care for the needy.

250
Q

Medicare

A

a federal program providing health care to people with certain disabilities or who are age 65 and over; it includes basic hospital insurance, voluntary medical insurance, and voluntary prescription drug insurance.

251
Q

Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and

Modernization Act

A

federal legislation that created Medicare Part D and made allowance for Medicare recipients to receive Medicare medical coverage through private health insurance plans.

252
Q

medication administration record (MAR)

A

a form that tracks the medications administered to a patient.

253
Q

medication error

A

any error occurring during the medication use process.

254
Q

Medication Guide (MedGuide)

A

a patient handout provided for many prescription medications to provide FDA-approved information to help patients avoid serious adverse events; required for certain drugs.

255
Q

medication order

A

the form used to prescribe medicatons for patients in institutional settings.

256
Q

medication reconciliation technician

A

a technician that identifies the most accurate list of all medications patients are taking.

257
Q

Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services

A

services provided to some Medicare beneficiaries who are enrolled in Medicare Part D and who are taking multiple medications or have certain diseases.

258
Q

medullary paralysis

A

an overdose of anesthesia that paralyzes the respiratory and heart centers of the medulla, leading to death.

259
Q

membrane filter

A

a filter that filters solution as the soluton is expelled from the syringe.

260
Q

meniscus

A

the curved surface of a column of liquid.

261
Q

metabolite

A

the substance resulting from the body’s trans-

formation of an administered drug.

262
Q

metastasized

A

when cancer cells spread beyond their original site.

263
Q

milliequivalent (mEg)

A

the unit of measure for electrolytes in a solution.

264
Q

mimetic

A

another term for an agonist, because agonists imitate, or “mimic,” the action of the neurotransmitter.

265
Q

minimum effective concentration (MEC)

A

the blood concentration needed for a drug to produce a response.

266
Q

minimum toxic concentration (MC)

A

the upper limit of the therapeutic window. Drug concentrations above the MTC increase the risk of undesired effects.

267
Q

miscible

A

capable of being mixed together.

268
Q

molecular weight

A

the sum of the atomic weights of a molecule.

269
Q

monograph

A

a document or standard describing a drug,

drug ingredient, or chemical

270
Q

mucilage

A

a wet, slimy liquid formed as an initial step in the Wet Gum method.

271
Q

mydriatics

A

drugs that dilate the pupil.

272
Q

myocardium

A

heart muscle.

273
Q

nasal cavity

A

the cavity behind the nose and above the roof of the mouth that filters air and moves mucous and inhaled contaminants outward and away from the lungs.

274
Q

nasal inhaler

A

a device that aerosolizes a drug for nasal inhalation.

275
Q

nasal mucosa

A

the cellular lining of the nose.

276
Q

National Drug Code (NDC)

A

number the number assigned by the manufacturer of a drug to the specific strength, form, and packaging of a drug product.

277
Q

national provider identifier (NPI)

A

a code assigned to recognized health-care providers; needed to bill MTM services.

278
Q

necrosis

A

increase in cell death.

279
Q

negligence

A

failing to do something that should or must be done.

280
Q

neoplasm

A

a new and abnormal tissue growth, often referring to cancer cells.

281
Q

nephron

A

the functional unit of the kidney responsible for removing wastes from the blood and producing urine.

282
Q

nephrotoxicity

A

the ability of a substance to harm the kidneys.

283
Q

neuron

A

the functional unit of the nervous system.

284
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemicals released by nerves that interact with receptors to cause an effect.

285
Q

nomogram

A

a chart showing relationships between measurements.

286
Q

non-formulary

A

drugs not on the formulary list and not regularly stocked in the pharmacy.

287
Q

nonviable particles

A

environmental (e.g., dust, lint, container bits) or personnel (e.g., skin, clothing, makeup) particles that do not have microbial contamination associated with them.

288
Q

numerator

A

the top or left number in a fraction.

289
Q

nurses’ station

A

work station for medical personnel located on a nursing unit.

290
Q

obstructive jaundice

A

an obstruction of the bile duct that causes hepatic waste products and bile to accumulate in the liver.

291
Q

off-label indication

A

a use of a medication for an indication not approved by the FDA.

292
Q

oil-in-water emulsion

A

an emulsion in which oil is dispersed through a water base.

293
Q

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (OBRA

90)

A

federal legislation requiring pharmacists to provide counseling to Medicaid patients on all new prescriptions.

294
Q

online adjudication

A

the resolution of prescription coverage through the communication of the pharmacy computer with the third-party computer.

295
Q

onset of action

A

the time MEC is reached and the response Occurs.

296
Q

open formulary

A

a system that allows the pharmacy to purchase any prescribed medication.

297
Q

ophthalmic

A

related to the eye.

298
Q

“Orange Book”

A

the common name for the FDA’s Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence.

299
Q

osmosis

A

the action in which a drug in a higher concentration solution passes through a permeable membrane to a lower concentration solution.

300
Q

osmotic pressure

A

a characteristic of a solution determined by the number of dissolved particles in it.

301
Q

osseous tissue

A

the rigid portion of the bone tissue.

302
Q

osteoarthritis

A

a disorder characterized by deterioration of weight-bearing bones, decreasing range of motion, and causing pain and deformity.

303
Q

outpatient pharmacy

A

a pharmacy attached to a hospital that services patients who have left the hospital or who are visiting doctors in a hospital outpatient clinic.

304
Q

over-the-counter (OTC) drugs

A

medications that do not require, but may be filled with, a prescription

305
Q

panacea

A

a cure-all (from the Greek panakeia, same meaning).

306
Q

par

A

amount of drug product that should be kept on the

pharmacy shelf.

307
Q

parenteral

A

a route of administration to any organ outside of the alimentary tract (e.g., ophthalmic, dermal).

308
Q

passive diffusion

A

the movement of drugs from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.

309
Q

patient assistance programs

A

manufacturer sponsored prescription drug programs for the needy.

310
Q

patient package inserts (PPIs)

A

manufacturer’s FDA-approved patient product information included with the product package; required to be dispensed with specific products or classes of products such as oral contraceptives.

311
Q

pediatric

A

having to do with the treatment of children.

312
Q

percutaneous absorption

A

the absorption of drugs through the skin, often for a systemic effect.

313
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

composed of the autonomic and somatic nervous systems.

314
Q

peristalsis

A

the wavelike motion of the intestines that moves food through them.

315
Q

peritoneal dialysis solution

A

a solution placed in and emptied from the peritoneal cavity to remove toxic substances.

316
Q

perpetual inventory

A

a system that maintains a continuous record of every item in inventory so that it always shows the stock on hand.

317
Q

personal inventory

A

an assessment of one’s personal characteristics, skills, qualities, etc.

318
Q

pH

A

the pH scale measures the acidity or the opposite
(alkalinity) of a substance. 7 is the neutral midpoint
of the scale, values below which represent increasing
acidity, and above which represent increasing alkalinity.

319
Q

pharmaceutics

A

of or about drugs; also, a drug product.

320
Q

pharmaceutical alternative

A

drug products that contain the same active ingredient, but not necessarily in the same salt form, amount, or dosage form.

321
Q

pharmaceutical equivalent

A

drug products that contain identical amounts of the same active ingredient in the same dosage form

322
Q

pharmacogenomics

A

a field of study that defines the hereditary basis of individual differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (the ADME processes).

323
Q

pharmacology

A

the study of drugs-their properties, uses, application, and effects (from the Greek pharmakon: drug, and logos: word or thought).

324
Q

pharmacopeia

A

an authoritative listing of drugs and issues related to their use.

325
Q

pharmacy benefit managers

A

companies that administer drug benefit programs.

326
Q

pharmacy satellite

A

a branch of the inpatient pharmacy responsible for preparing, dispensing, and monitoring medication for specific patient areas.

327
Q

pharmacy technician informaticist

A

a technician that uses technology tools to support the management of information in a pharmacy.

328
Q

piggybacks

A

small volume solutions connected to an LVP.

329
Q

placebo

A

an inactive substance given in place of a medication.

330
Q

pneumatic tube

A

a system that shuttles objects through a tube using compressed air as the force; commonly used in hospitals for delivery of medication.

331
Q

point-of-sale (POS) system

A

an inventory system in which the item is deducted from inventory as it is sold or dispensed.

332
Q

positional notation

A

a system used in Roman numerals whereby the position of the number signifies its mathematical value.

333
Q

POS

A

a network of providers where the patient’s primary care physician must be a member and costs outside the network may be partially reimbursed.

334
Q

potentiation

A

when one drug with no inherent activity of its own increases the activity of another drug that produces an effect.

335
Q

PPO

A

a network of providers where costs outside the network may be partially reimbursed and the patient’s primary care physician need not be a member.

336
Q

prefix

A

a modifying component of a term, located at the beginning of the term.

337
Q

prescription

A

an instruction from a medical practitioner that authorizes a patient to be issued a drug or device.

338
Q

prescription drug benefit cards cards

A

that contain third- party billing information for prescription drug purchases.

339
Q

Prescription Drug Plans (PDPs)

A

third-party programs for Medicare Part D.

340
Q

primary emulsion

A

the initial emulsion to which ingredients are added to create the final product.

341
Q

primary literature

A

original materials including clinical trials, research studies and case reports.

342
Q

prior authorization

A

a procedure to gain third-party coverage for a drug that is not automatically covered by a third-party plan.

343
Q

PR order

A

an order for medication to be administered only on an as needed basis (e.g., 1 tablet every 4-6 hours as needed for pain).

344
Q

product labeling

A

important associated information that is not on the the label of a drug product itself but is provided in the form of an insert, brochure, or other document.

345
Q

professionals

A

individuals who receive extensive and advanced levels of education before being allowed to practice, such as physicians and pharmacists.

346
Q

progesterone

A

a female sex characteristic hormone involved in ovulation prevention.

347
Q

protease inhibitor

A

an antiviral used for HIV and hepatitis C that blocks the enzyme responsible for viral replication.

348
Q

protected health information (PHI)

A

any personal information that could be used to identify an individual to their health history.

349
Q

protein binding

A

the attachment of a drug molecule to a plasma or tissue protein, effectively making the drug inactive, but also keeping it within the body.

350
Q

protocol

A

specific guidelines for practice.

351
Q

punch method

A

a method for filling capsules by repeatedly pushing or, “punching,” the capsule into an amount of drug powder.

352
Q

purchase order number

A

the number assigned to each order for identification.

353
Q

pyrogens

A

chemicals produced by microorganisms that can cause pyretic (fever) reactions in patients.

354
Q

qs ad

A

the quantity needed to make a prescribed amount.

355
Q

quality assurance (QA) program

A

series of procedures and reviews that produce quality preparations that can be compounded repeatedly.

356
Q

ready-to-mix

A

a specially designed minibag where a drug is put into the SVP just prior to administration.

357
Q

recall

A

the action taken to remove a drug from the market and have it returned to the manufacturer.

358
Q

receptor

A

the cellular material located at the site of action that interacts with the drug.

359
Q

reciprocal

A

two different fractions that equal 1 when added together.

360
Q

reconstitute

A

addition of water or other diluent to commercially made drug bottles or vials in order to make a solution or suspension from a premade powder form of the drug. This may include oral or parenteral products.

361
Q

Red Flag Rule

A

a set of provisions created by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to help prevent identity theft from patient billing accounts maintained by medical
and financial institutions.

362
Q

registration

A

a state agency has attested that the indi-

vidual has been registered with the state.

363
Q

relative bioavailability

A

the bioavailability of a drug product compared to the same drug in any other dosage form than a rapidly administered IV solution.

364
Q

remission

A

a state in which cancer cells are inactive.

365
Q

reorder points

A

minimum and maximum stock levels that determine when a reorder is placed and for how much.

366
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

a disease in which the body’s immune system attacks joint tissue.

367
Q

Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS)

A

information and procedures that are required of manufacturers by the FDA for drugs with known risks.

368
Q

root word

A

the base component of a term, which gives it a meaning that may be modified by other components.

369
Q

safety caps

A

a child-resistant cap.

370
Q

Safety Data Sheets (SDSs)

A

OSHA-required notices that provide information on the composition, handling, hazards, first aid, clean-up, and proper disposal procedures for chemicals and substances. (Formerly called Material Safety Data Sheets).

371
Q

Schedule II drugs

A

drugs that have a high potential for abuse or addiction but that also have safe and accepted medical uses; they require special handling.

372
Q

scope of practice

A

what individuals may and may not do in their jobs.

373
Q

secondary literature

A

general reference works based upon primary literature sources; used to find primary literature.

374
Q

selective (action)

A

the characteristic of a drug that makes its action specific to certain receptors and tissues.

375
Q

sensitivity

A

the amount of weight that will move the balance pointer one division mark on the marker plate.

376
Q

sentinel event

A

a patient safety event that results in death, permanent harm, or severe temporary harm.

377
Q

serum glucose

A

blood sugar.

378
Q

shaft

A

the stem of the needle that provides the overall

length of the needle.

379
Q

sharps needles

A

jagged glass or metal objects, or any items that might puncture or cut the skin.

380
Q

shelf stickers

A

stickers with bar codes that can be scanned for inventory identification.

381
Q

short stability

A

medication that will expire soon after preparation (e.g., within 1-6 hours after preparation).

382
Q

signa

A

the directions for use on the prescription that must be printed on the prescription label.

383
Q

signature log

A

a book or electronic signature capture technology that patients sign for the prescriptions they receive for legal and insurance purposes.

384
Q

site of action

A

the location where an administered drug produces an effect.

385
Q

Slip-Tip®, Luer-Lok®, eccentric, oral

A

different types of syringe tips.

386
Q

skin

A

the largest organ of the body, composed of epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.

387
Q

solution

A

a clear liquid made up of one or more substances dissolved in a solvent.

388
Q

solvent

A

a liquid that dissolves another substance in it.

389
Q

sonication

A

exposure to high-frequency sound waves.

390
Q

sonophoresis

A

ultrasound combined with topical drug therapy to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations at target sites below the skin.

391
Q

spatulation

A

mixing powders with a spatula.

392
Q

sperm

A

produced by the male reproductive system; fertilizes eggs.

393
Q

sprain

A

an injury resulting from stretched or torn ligaments.

394
Q

stability

A

the the extent to which a dosage form retains the same properties and characteristics it possessed when it was made.

395
Q

standard precautions

A

an infection control practice where healthcare providers avoid direct contact with blood, mucous membranes, body fluids, and non-intact skin by use of barriers such as gloves, goggles, gowns, and face shields.

396
Q

standing order

A

a standard medication order for patients to receive medication at scheduled intervals.

397
Q

STAT order

A

an order for medication to be administered immediately.

398
Q

sterile

A

a sterile condition is one which is free of all microorganisms, both harmful and harmless.

399
Q

strain

A

an injury to a muscle or tendon.

400
Q

stratum corneum

A

the outermost cell layer of the epidermis.

401
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue.

402
Q

suffix

A

a modifying component of a term located at the end of the term.

403
Q

surgical anesthesia

A

the stage of anesthesia in which surgery can be safely conducted.

404
Q

suspensions

A

formulations in which the drug does not completely dissolve in the liquid.

405
Q

synergism

A

when two drugs with similar pharmacological actions produce greater effects than the sum of the individual effects.

406
Q

synthetic

A

combining simpler chemicals into more complex compounds, creating a new chemical not found in
nature as a result.

407
Q

syringeability

A

the ease with which a suspension can be drawn from a container into a syringe.

408
Q

systemic effect

A

when a drug is introduced into the venous (circulatory) system and carried to the site of activity.

409
Q

systolic pressure

A

the blood pressure as the heart is pumping blood into the cardiovascular system.

410
Q

tech-check-tech

A

a program that allows a specially trained pharmacy technician to check medications prepared by another technician.

411
Q

technicians

A

individuals who are given a basic level of

training designed to help them perform specific tasks.

412
Q

teratogenecity

A

the ability of a substance to cause abnormal fetal development when given to a pregnant woman.

413
Q

tertiary literature

A

summarized and interpreted primary literature compiled into textbooks, compendia, review articles, and information found on the Internet.

414
Q

testosterone

A

the primary androgen.

415
Q

therapeutic equivalent

A

pharmaceutical equivalents that produce the same effects in patients.

416
Q

therapeutic interchange

A

a policy approved by the hospital P&T Committee that allows the pharmacist to change a medication order to a therapeutically equivalent formulary medication.

417
Q

therapeutic window

A

a drug’s blood concentration range between its minimum effective concentration and minimum toxic concentration.

418
Q

thickening agent

A

an ingredient used in the preparation of suspensions to increase the viscosity of the liquid.

419
Q

340B Drug Pricing Program

A

a government plan that limits the cost safety-net providers pay for covered out-patient drug prescriptions.

420
Q

thrombus

A

a blood clot.

421
Q

tier

A

categories of medications that are covered by third-

party plans.

422
Q

topical hemostatics

A

drugs used for minor bleeding when sutures are not appropriate.

423
Q

Torts drugs used for minor bleeding when

sutures are not appropriate.

A

civil wrongs that have duties associated with them.

424
Q

total nutrient admixture (TNA) solution

A

a TPN solution that contains intravenous fat emulsion.

425
Q

total parenteral nutrition (TP)

A

solution complex solutions with two base solutions (amino acids and dextrose) and additional micronutrients.

426
Q

trade journals

A

journals published commercially for pharmacists but not produced by the profession; they tend to contain large amounts of advertising material.

427
Q

transaction window

A

counter area designated for taking written prescriptions and dispensing completed prescription products.

428
Q

trituration

A

the process of grinding powders to reduce

particle size.

429
Q

turnover

A

the rate at which inventory is used, generally expressed in number of days.

430
Q

tympanic membrane

A

the membrane that transmits sound waves to the inner ear.

431
Q

unit dose/unit dose packaging

A

a package containing the amount of a drug required for one dose; a package containing a single dose of medication.

432
Q

unit inspection

A

a review of a nursing unit to ensure compliance with hospital medication policies.

433
Q

unit price

A

the price of a unit of medication, such as an ounce of liquid cold remedy.

434
Q

universal claim form

A

a standard claim form accepted by many insurers.

435
Q

uricosuric drugs

A

drugs used to treat gout that increase the elimination of uric acid.

436
Q

usual and customary (U&C or UR)

A

the maximum amount of payment for a given prescription, determined by the insurer to be a usual and customary (and reasonable) price.

437
Q

valence

A

the number of positive or negative charges on an ion.

438
Q

variable

A

an unknown value in a mathematical equation.

439
Q

vasodilators

A

drugs that relax and expand the blood vessels.

440
Q

vertical airflow workstation

A

a laminar flow workstation with vertical airflow across the work area.

441
Q

viable particles

A

particles that have microbial contamination associated with them.

442
Q

viscosity

A

the thickness of a liquid. A measure of a liqid’s resistance to flow.

443
Q

volumetric

A

measures volume. Volumetric vessels are either TD (to deliver) or TC (to contain).

444
Q

water-in-oil emulsion

A

an emulsion in which water is dispersed through an oil base.

445
Q

water soluble

A

the property of a substance being able to dissolve in water.

446
Q

waters of hydration

A

water molecules that attach to drug

molecules.

447
Q

wheal

A

a raised, blister-like area on the skin caused by an

intradermal injection.

448
Q

workers’ compensation

A

an employer compensation program for employees accidentally injured on the job.

449
Q

zone of turbulence

A

an area of blocked airflow in a laminar airflow workstation.

Pharm Tech (37 decks)

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