vocabulary

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

the way an organism changes, changing trends in a population, how species adapts to the environment

Question 2

mutations

Answer 2

bad (genetic disorders), neutral or good (random changes that give the organism increased reproductive success

Question 3

artificial selection

Answer 3

direct breeding where individuals that exhibit a certain trait are chosen as parents of the next generation

Question 4

adaptations

Answer 4

a structure, behavioural or physiological process that helps an organism survive and reproduce

Question 5

variations

Answer 5

differences between individuals which may be structural behavioural or physiological

Question 6

natural selection

Answer 6

change in population over time as advantageous, heritable traits are passed onto next generations

Question 7

homologous features

Answer 7

structure with common evolutionary origin but has different functions in species

Question 8

analogous features

Answer 8

structure that performs same function, different origins

Question 9

vestigial features

Answer 9

non-functioning or marginally functioning that is homologous to a fully functioning structure in closely related species

Question 10

biogeography

Answer 10

observation of geographical patterns of the distribution of species, original species evolved into geographically isolated

Question 11

anatomical

Answer 11

animals with different structures on the surface but bones tell common ancestor

Question 12

gene flow

Answer 12

migration, alleles go from one population to another, changes the gene pool

Question 13

gene drift

Answer 13

alteration of allele frequency, change from chance events, decreased genetic variation

Question 14

allopatric speciation

Answer 14

evolution of population into 2 different species by geographical barrier

Question 15

sympatric speciation

Answer 15

population within same geographical areas diverge and become geographically isolated

Question 16

microevolution

Answer 16

changes in allele frequency and phenotype traits within a population of species (over a short time)

Question 17

macroevolution

Answer 17

large-scale changes include formation of new species (over a long time)

Question 18

pre-zygotic mechanisms

Answer 18

prevents mating or fertilization between species

Question 19

post-zygotic mechanisms

Answer 19

if fertilization is successful, prevention of zygotes from developing into fertile individuals

Question 20

phylogeny

Answer 20

evolutionary relationships of different groups of species of organisms

Question 21

derived traits

Answer 21

trait that has evolved relatively recentyly with respect to the species or groups discussed

Question 22

out group

Answer 22

oldest ancestor that doesn’t share traits with other in the group being studied

Question 23

synapomorphy

Answer 23

derived trait shared by 2 or more species