Vocabulary

Question 1

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 1

Contingent removal of an aversive stimulus following a response which increases future rate of the response.

Question 2

Positive Punishment

Answer 2

Contingent application of an aversive stimulus following a response which decreases the future rate of the response.

Question 3

Reinforcement

Answer 3

A stimulus change (the presentation or removal of a stimulus) contingent upon a response which increases the future probability of the response under similar circumstances in the future.

Question 4

Consequence

Answer 4

Any stimulus presented or removed contingent on a particular response which changes the probability of that response occurring under similar circumstances in the future.

Question 5

Contingent

Answer 5

When a behavioral consequence is presented if and only if the response occurs.

Question 6

Antecedent

Answer 6

A stimulus which precedes a behavior.

Question 7

X axis/Abscissa

Answer 7

The horizontal axis of a graph.

Question 8

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 8

The contingent presentation of a stimulus immediately following a response which increases the future probability of the response.

Question 9

Negative Punishment

Answer 9

Contingent removal of a stimulus following a response which decreases the future probability of that response.

Question 10

Variable Interval Schedule

Answer 10

A reinforcement schedule where the first response to occur after a variable amount of time is reinforced.

Question 11

Discriminative Stimulus (Sd)

Answer 11

Antecedents that “set the occasion” for behavior by signaling the availability of behavioral consequences.

Question 12

Y-Axis/Ordinate

Answer 12

The vertical axis of a graph

Question 13

Motivating Operation (MO)

Answer 13

Antecedent events that temporarily affect the value of a behavioral consequence.

Question 14

Conditioned or Secondary Reinforcer

Answer 14

A stimulus that acquires it reinforcing function through paring with other reinforcers.

Question 15

Behavior Analysis

Answer 15

The scientific field that studies the relationship between behavior and the environmental factors that control its occurrence.

Question 16

Behavior/Response

Answer 16

Any observable and measurable act of an individual.

Question 17

Stimulus

Answer 17

Any object or event which can be perceived through one’s senses (sight, hearing, smell etc.)

Question 18

Stimulus Control

Answer 18

The outcome of stimulus discrimination training. A response is more likely to occur in the presence of a particular stimulus (Sd) than in its absence because the response has been reinforced only in the presences of the Sd.

Question 19

Fixed Ratio Schedule

Answer 19

A reinforcement schedule where completion of a specified number of responses produces reinforcement.

Question 20

Unconditioned (primary) Reinforcer

Answer 20

A stimulus that functions as a reinforcer without prior learning (because it has biological importance or is innately motivating).

Question 21

Variable Ratio Schedule

Answer 21

The target response is reinforced after a variable number of correct responses.

Question 22

Premack Principle

Answer 22

The arrangement where a high-probability activity occurs contingent on the occurrence of a low probability activity.

Question 23

Extinction

Answer 23

The process by which, when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequences, the frequency of the behavior decreases in the future.

Question 24

Continuous Schedule of Reinforcement

Answer 24

A schedule of reinforcement where each occurrence of a response is reinforced.

Question 25

Deprivation

Answer 25

An increase in reinforcer strength as a result of the reinforcer not being presented for a period of time.

Question 26

Satiation

Answer 26

A decrease in reinforcer strength as a result of the reinforcer being presented frequently.

Question 27

Intermittent Schedule of Reinforcement

Answer 27

A general category of reinforcement schedule where not every occurrence of a response is reinforced.

Question 28

Establishing Operation

Answer 28

A motivating operation that temporarily increases the value of a behavioral consequence.

Question 29

Abolishing Operation

Answer 29

A motivating operation that temporarily decreases the value of a behavioral consequence.