Vocabulary

Question 1

inevitable

Answer 1

adj.
that you cannot avoid or prevent
syn: unavoidable
- It was inevitable that there would be job losses.

Question 2

meteorite

Answer 2

n. 隕石
meteor 流星
meteoroid 飛行中在外太空的金屬或石塊

Question 3

intact

Answer 3

adj. not broken, damaged, or spoiled
- Only the medieval tower had remained intact.
- His reputation survived intact.

Question 4

confine

Answer 4

v.

1. LIMIT to keep someone or something within the limits of a particular activity or subject ( SYN: restrict )
   - We confined our study to ten cases.
2. KEEP SOMEBODY IN A PLACE to keep someone in a place that they cannot leave, such as a prison
   - He was allegedly confined in a narrow dark room for two months.

Question 5

invariable

Answer 5

adj. invariably adv.
1. always happening in the same way, at the same time etc
- His invariable answer was ‘Wait and see.’
2. never changing
- Mass, unlike weight, is invariable.

Question 6

scribe

Answer 6

n. 抄寫員

Question 7

tally

Answer 7

v. 符合, 吻合; n. 計數，紀錄，比分
- The final tally was $465,000.
- Keep a tally of (=write down) the number of cars that pass.

Question 8

drudgery

Answer 8

n. /ˈdrʌdʒəri/
hard boring work
- domestic drudgery

Question 9

likewise

Answer 9

adv.
in the same way (=similarly)
- Just water these plants twice a week, and likewise the ones in the bedroom.
- He voted for the change and he expected his colleagues to do likewise.

Question 10

likely

Answer 10

adj. probable or expected

Question 11

municiple

Answer 11

adj.
connected with or belonging to a town, city or district that has its own local government
- municipal elections/councils

Question 12

facilitate

Answer 12

v.
to make it easier for a process or activity to happen
- Computers can be used to facilitate language learning.

Question 13

exclamation

Answer 13

a sharp cry of strong feeling

- exclamation mark/point (!)

Question 14

intimidate

Answer 14

v.
to frighten or threaten somebody so that they will do what you want
- They were accused of intimidating people into voting for them.

Question 15

peruse

Answer 15

v. to read something, especially in a careful way

- She leant forward to peruse the document more closely.

Question 16

aversion

Answer 16

n. strong dislike

- He had an aversion to getting up early.

Question 17

malevolence

Answer 17

n.
/məˈlevələns/ ( syn: malice )
a desire to harm other people
- an act of pure malevolence
- There are also immaterial entities - the spirits of the dead, and friendly and malevolence beings, the kind that we today called demons, fairies and angels.

Question 18

antipathy

Answer 18

n.
an intense dislike
- He is a private man with a deep antipathy to/towards the press.

Question 19

around the clock

Answer 19

all day and all night

- Kim has been working round the clock to finish it in time.

Question 20

forthcoming

Answer 20

adj.

1. a forthcoming event, meeting etc is one that has been planned to happen soon
   - the forthcoming elections
   - Keep an eye on the noticeboards for forthcoming events.
2. willing to give information about something
   - She’s never very forthcoming about her plans
3. ready or made available when needed
   - Financial support was not forthcoming.
   - Help was immediately forthcoming.

Question 21

pull through something

Answer 21

get better after a life-threatening illness or operation

• The doctors think she will pull through.
• He relied on his experience to pull him through.

Question 22

decent

Answer 22

adj.

1. of a good enough standard or quality
   - a decent meal/place to live
   - Mark did a decent job as a replacement for Turner.
2. (of people or behaviour) honest and fair; treating people with respect
   - Everyone said he was a decent sort of guy.

Question 23

entitled

Answer 23

adj. to have rights and privileges

- The college attracts both the entitled children of wealthy parents and a large number of scholarship students.

Question 24

inquisitive

Answer 24

adj.

1. ( negative ) asking too many questions and trying to find out about what other people are doing, etc. ( = curious )
   - Don’t be so inquisitive. It’s none of your - business!
2. very interested in learning about many different things ( = enquiring )
   - a highly inquisitive mind
   - The young man possessed a sharp and inquisitive mind.
   - An Ache’ man told the inquisitive anthropologists stories of his prime years in the jungle.

Question 25

phosphorus

Answer 25

P

Question 26

deleterious

Answer 26

adj. /ˌdeləˈtɪriəs/ harmful - the deleterious effect of stress on health

Question 27

biomass

Answer 27

n. 生質; 生物量 | biomass fuel/energy

Question 28

multitudinous

Answer 28

adj. 各式各樣都有

Question 29

hypha

Answer 29

n. 菌絲

Question 30

dilute

Answer 30

v. 稀釋, 沖淡 | dilute juice with water

Question 31

nodule

Answer 31

n. a small round raised part, especially a small swelling on a plant or someone’s body

Question 32

teeming

Answer 32

adj. 擠滿人的, 人山人海的 | - the teeming streets of the city

Question 33

metropolis

Answer 33

n. 大都會 /məˈtrɑːpəlɪs/ | - The city has become a huge, bustling metropolis.

Question 34

plankton

Answer 34

n. 浮游生物

Question 35

pigment

Answer 35

n. 色素, 顏料

Question 36

larva

Answer 36

n. 幼蟲

Question 37

prospect

Answer 37

n. /ˈprɑːspekt/ the possibility that something will happen - They faced the prospect of defeat in the elections.

Question 38

resort to

Answer 38

( = recourse ) to make use of something, especially something bad, as a means of achieving something, often because there is no other possible solution - They felt obliged to resort to violence. - They achieved their demands without having to resort to force.

Question 39

meandering

Answer 39

adj. 曲折的; 不著邊際的 1. a meandering river 2. long meandering speech

Question 40

terrain

Answer 40

n. 地形; 地勢 | - We had to drive over some rough terrain.

Question 41

gravel

Answer 41

n. 砂礫, 礫石

Question 42

accretion

Answer 42

n. 堆積, 積聚

Question 43

accomplished

Answer 43

adj. skilled

Question 44

sheer

Answer 44

adj. used to emphasize how very great, important, or powerful a quality or feeling is; nothing except; - a sheer coincidence - The sheer dimensions of the surfaces involved, plus the physical properties of the plaster, meant it was inevitable that Renaissance artists would rely on assistants- apprentices, they were called-to help create their masterpieces. - The sheer size of space enclosed within buildings like the basilica of London must have been astonishing.

Question 45

trait

Answer 45

n. (個人的)特質

Question 46

proliferation

Answer 46

n. /prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn/ the sudden increase in the number or amount of something; a large number of a particular thing - attempts to prevent cancer cell proliferation - Nuclear had proliferated before it was safe, and there were accidents. - But this proliferation of castes did not change the basic principle of the system, and any infringement of its rules pollutes the person and society as a whole.

Question 47

innumerable

Answer 47

adj. 數不清的

Question 48

repertoire

Answer 48

n. 曲目

Question 49

stout

Answer 49

adj. 結實的, 厚實的 1. a pair of stout hiking shoes 2. a stout man

Question 50

daub

Answer 50

v. (隨意的)塗抹 n. 污漬 1. daub with graffiti 2. a daub of red paint

Question 51

disregard

Answer 51

v. /ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːrd/ to ignore something or treat it as unimportant - Safety rules were disregarded. - He totally disregarded all the advice he was given.

Question 52

conceive

Answer 52

v. 構想, 懷胎

Question 53

recess

Answer 53

n. /rɪˈses/ 1. BREAK TIME/a period of time during the year when the members of a parliament, committee, etc. do not meet - Parliament went into its long summer recess. 2. BREAK TIME/a period of time between lessons at school - He wouldn't play with me at recess. 3. PLACE/a part of a wall that is set further back than the rest of the wall, forming a space ( =alcove ) - a recess for books 4. PLACE/the part of a place that is furthest from the light and hard to see or get to - He stared into the dark recesses of the room.

Question 54

nooks and crannies

Answer 54

nook 隱密處 | cranny 裂縫

Question 55

readily

Answer 55

adj. quickly and easily

Question 56

ample

Answer 56

adj. 充足的

Question 57

stark

Answer 57

adj. 簡單的, 無修飾的, 粗陋的, 明顯的 1. a stark room 2. in stark(=extreme) contrast to

Question 58

evocative

Answer 58

adj. making people remember something by producing a feeling or memory in them - a picture that is wonderfully evocative of a hot, summer’s day - evocative music

Question 59

prompt

Answer 59

v. make something happen | 1. I don't know what prompted him to leave

Question 60

studious

Answer 60

adj. 用功的; 精心安排的, 謹慎的 1. a studious student 2. studious attention

Question 61

confer

Answer 61

v. 1. confer (with somebody) (on/about something): to discuss something with somebody, in order to exchange opinions or get advice - confer with my lawyer - He wanted to confer with his colleagues before reaching a decision. 2. confer something (on/upon somebody): to give somebody an award, a university degree or a particular honor or right - An honorary doctorate was conferred on him by Columbia University.

Question 62

pertinent

Answer 62

adj. directly relating to something that is being considered ( SYN: relevant ) - a pertinent question/remark - We're dealing with a range of behavior. Therefore the pertinent question becomes: What is the range of the human being?

Question 63

tidbit

Answer 63

n. 1. a small piece of food that tastes good - a few tidbits for children 2. a small but interesting piece of information, news etc - interesting tidbits about the history of the castle

Question 64

euthanize

Answer 64

v. 安樂死

Question 65

gorge

Answer 65

v. 狼吞虎嚥的 n. 峽谷

Question 66

brazen

Answer 66

adj. used to describe a person, or the actions of a person, who is not embarrassed about behaving in a wrong or immoral way - brazen cheating - He told me a brazen lie.

Question 67

emblazon

Answer 67

v. if something is emblazoned with a name, design etc, it has that design on it where it can easily be seen - a T-shirt emblazoned with a political slogan

Question 68

remnant

Answer 68

n. 殘餘的部分

Question 69

asteroid

Answer 69

n. 小行星

Question 70

aftermath

Answer 70

n. (不愉快的事件的)後果

Question 71

spectator

Answer 71

n. 觀眾

Question 72

elaborate

Answer 72

adj. 1. having a lot of small parts or details put together in a complicated way ( = intricate ) - pure silks embroidered with elaborate patterns 2. carefully planned and organized in great detail ( = complex ) - a very elaborate telecommunications network - In the years following 9500 BC, the descendants of the Natufians continued to gather and process cereals, but they also began to cultivate them in more and more elaborate ways.

Question 73

aural

Answer 73

adj. connected with hearing and listening | - aural and visual images

Question 74

rebuttal

Answer 74

n. 反駁

Question 75

provocation

Answer 75

n. /ˌprɑːvəˈkeɪʃn/ the act of doing or saying something deliberately in order to make somebody angry or upset - You should remain calm and not respond to provocation. - He fired a shot without any provocation. - And I think as somebody who wants to build a resonant body of work, I think we have to focus on evocation, not provocation. - For decades, North Korea has chosen a path of confrontation and provocation, including the pursuit of nuclear weapons.

Question 76

retaliate

Answer 76

v. /rɪˈtælieɪt/ to do something harmful to somebody because they have harmed you first - The boy hit his sister, who retaliated by kicking him.

Question 77

impose

Answer 77

v. 1. to introduce a new law, rule, tax, etc.; to order that a rule, punishment, etc. be used - Judges are imposing increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offences. 2. to force somebody/something to have to deal with something that is difficult or unpleasant - He described the limitations imposed by his disease. - This system imposes additional financial burdens on many people.

Question 78

(to) tuck into sth (food)

Answer 78

痛快地吃

Question 79

land sb. in sth.

Answer 79

使某人陷入困境 - land you in serious trouble - Revealing confidential information to a rival company could land you in serious trouble with your boss. - The demonstration outside the embassy landed some of the protesters in jail overnight. - He landed himself in deep/hot water (= in a very difficult or unpleasant situation) by lying to the tax office about his earnings.

Question 80

digress

Answer 80

wander; stray; get sidetracked; go off in another direction (v.) 離題 dis- 離 / gradi ( to walk ) 1. degression 題外話

Question 81

ostensible

Answer 81

adj. seeming to be the reason for or the purpose of something, but usually hiding the real reason or purpose - an ostensible motive/advantage - The ostensible reason for his resignation was ill health.

Question 82

uncanny

Answer 82

eerie, strange, weird, mysterious (adj. ) 可怕的；怪誕的；神秘的 1. an uncanny resemblance 驚人的相似 2. uncanny ability 神奇的能力

Question 83

candor

Answer 83

frankness, openness, sincere expression (n.) (針對棘手的事情)坦白；率真；誠懇表達 = candour, candid - The two presidents have had candid talks about the current crisis.

Question 84

morose

Answer 84

gloomy, moody, glum, grumpy, ill-tempered, depressed | (adj.) 悶悶不樂的；沮喪的；脾氣暴躁的

Question 85

adept

Answer 85

adj. /əˈdept/ skilled - He became adept at getting even the shyest students to talk. - But you'll see, as the semester progresses and you start learning more about musical forms, you'll become a more adept listener and you'll start noticing patterns.

Question 86

saturated

Answer 86

soaked, thoroughly wet, full of moisture (adj. ) 浸透的; 溼透的 1. saturated with oil 2. saturated the media

Question 87

pragmatic

Answer 87

Practical, having to do with actual practice, concerned with everyday affairs as opposed to theory or speculation (adj.) 實際的; 重實用的

Question 88

congenial

Answer 88

adj. 1. pleasant to spend time with because their interests and character are similar to your own - congenial colleague 2. pleasant because it suits your character - congenial things - a congenial working environment - His studies in Leiden proved congenial to him.

Question 89

capricious

Answer 89

adj. /kəˈprɪʃəs/ unpredictable; likely to change at any moment - She was as capricious as her mother had been. - a capricious climate - She's actually suing saying that her evaluation is arbitrary and capricious. - These rules are not capricious and they are not arbitrary.

Question 90

blatant

Answer 90

``` adj. /ˈbleɪtənt/ something bad that is blatant is very clear and easy to see, but the person responsible for it does not seem embarrassed or ashamed - the blatant sound of horns - a blatant lie - a blatant error - a blatant attempt to impress the boss ```

Question 91

obligatory

Answer 91

required, necessary, binding, mandatory | (adj.) 必須的; 必須遵守的; 義務性的

Question 92

negligible

Answer 92

unimportant, trifling, of little consequence (adj. ) 不重要的 1. a negligible concern 微不足道的事

Question 93

adamant

Answer 93

unyielding; firm in opinion, unrelenting, implacable | (adj.) 不屈服的, 不讓步的

Question 94

sporadic

Answer 94

adj. /spəˈrædɪk/ happening only occasionally or at intervals that are not regular ( syn: intermittent ) - sporadic success - sporadic crimes/violence/fighting - Sociopolitical relations, too, tended to be sporadic.

Question 95

vanguard

Answer 95

the forefront of an action or movement, leading position or persons in a movement (n.) 先鋒，前鋒

Question 96

concur

Answer 96

to agree, be in accord with, unite in opinion | (v.) 同意，與...一致，意見一致

Question 97

precociousness

Answer 97

(n.) 早熟

Question 98

aloof

Answer 98

apart, at a distance, removed, withdrawn | (adj.) 冷漠的; 遠離的

Question 99

creed

Answer 99

belief, professed faith or opinion, especially a system of religious belief (n.) 信仰，主張( 尤指宗教信仰 )

Question 100

tawdry

Answer 100

cheap and showy, gaudy, garish, sleazy (adj. ) 華麗而俗氣的; 低級庸俗的 1. tawdry clothing 2. tawdry reputation 壞名聲

Question 101

peevish

Answer 101

irritable; grouchy; ill-tempered; difficult to please (adj. ) 易怒的; 難以取悅的 1. pet peeve 讓人抓狂的事情

Question 102

arduous

Answer 102

very difficult, hard to achieve or accomplish (adj. ) 非常困難的; 難以達成的; 需要努力的 1. an arduous task 2. an arduous responsibility

Question 103

personable

Answer 103

attractive, pleasing in appearance, handsome, comely, fair, presentable (adj.) 有吸引力的; 英俊的

Question 104

resolute

Answer 104

firmly determined or settled, resolved, having a set opinion or purpose, steadfast, unwavering, persevering (adj.) 心意堅定的; 不動搖的; 堅忍的

Question 105

supposition

Answer 105

an assumption, theory, hypothesis | (n.) 假設 理論 假說

Question 106

arbitrary

Answer 106

unreasonable; based on personal feelings or preferences rather than on reason, logic, or law (adj. ) 武斷的；不理性的，根據個人情感或偏好的 1. arbitrary government 專制的政府 2. arbitrary price 隨意制定的價格

Question 107

monotonous

Answer 107

lacking variety, tediously uniform, unvarying and dull | (adj.) 缺乏變化的 千篇一律的 單調沉悶的

Question 108

legacy

Answer 108

an inheritance; something handed down from an ancestor or from the past (n.) 前人傳下來的東西; 遺產 cultural legacy

Question 109

manifold

Answer 109

numerous and varied, consisting of many kinds, containing many elements, features, or characteristics (adj.) 為數眾多且多樣的；包含取多元素或特徵的

Question 110

pliant

Answer 110

bending easily, flexible, adaptable, workable | (adj.) 易彎曲的；有彈性的；適應力強的

Question 111

retort

Answer 111

a quick reply, especially one that is cutting or witty | n.) 反駁；回嘴( 尤指尖銳機智的回答

Question 112

obstinate

Answer 112

adj. /ˈɑːbstɪnət/ ( syn: stubborn ) 1. refusing to change your opinions, way of behaving, etc. when other people try to persuade you to; showing this - He can be very obstinate when he wants to be! 2. [usually before noun] difficult to get rid of or deal with - an obstinate stain - the obstinate problem of unemployment

Question 113

lacerate

Answer 113

to tear, cut roughly, rend, mangle | (v.) 撕裂；割破；傷害

Question 114

omnipotent

Answer 114

adj. having total power; able to do anything - an omnipotent god - How can a loving, omnipotent God permit disease, war and suffering?

Question 115

unscrupulous

Answer 115

untrustworthy, dishonorable, deceitful, corrupt, lacking integrity or moral principles (adj.) 不可信賴的；騙人的；無恥的

Question 116

renaissance

Answer 116

a revival, rebirth, resurgence, renewal of life or vigor (n. ) 復興；再生；再現 1. a cultural renaissance 2. a moral/spiritual renaissance 3. a renaissance in the economy

Question 117

genesis

Answer 117

a coming into being, beginning, origin, birth creation (n. ) 形成；起源；創始 1. the genesis of a work of art 2. the genesis of an important social movement 3. the genesis of a distinguished career

Question 118

warrant

Answer 118

to justify, give good reasons for, authorize, sanction | (v.) 證明...是正當的；為...提出充分理由；授權、批准

Question 119

cantankerous

Answer 119

adj. difficult to deal with, disagreeable, argumentative, quick to quarrel or to exhibit ill will - a cantankerous old man - cantankerous relatives

Question 120

flippant

Answer 120

disrespectful in a frivolous way, treating something serious in a trivial manner (adj. ) 輕率的；無禮的 1. flippant language 用語隨便 2. a flippant remark 無禮的評論 3. flippant comments

Question 121

subjugate

Answer 121

v. DEFEAT: ​to defeat somebody/something CONTROL: to gain control over somebody/something - a subjugate of the king (臣民) - subjugate the people - subjugate an addiction / an impulse / an emotion - For instance, many scholars surmise that the Hindu caste system took shape when Indo-Aryan people invaded the Indian subcontinent about 3,000 years ago, subjugating the local population.

Question 122

wry

Answer 122

twisted, crooked, lopsided, askew, distort in an odd, amusing way (adj. ) 曲解的；荒謬的；諷刺的 1. a wry smile/grin 苦笑 2. a wry remark 3. a wry sense of humor

Question 123

urbane

Answer 123

polished, sophisticated, suave, cosmopolitan urbane conversation (adj.) 彬彬有禮的；文雅的 1. urbane conversation

Question 124

jargon

Answer 124

specialized and often pretentious language; speech or writing that is highly technical and difficult to understand (n. ) 行話；非常技術性且難以理解的 1. medical jargon 2. legal jargon

Question 125

inviolable

Answer 125

(adj.) secure; safe from assault, infringement, or destruction, sacred, untouchable, unassailable, incorruptible 不可侵犯、違反的; 不能收買的 1. an inviolable peace 不容破壞中斷的和平 2. an inviolable contract 不能違反、改變的合約 3. an inviolable oath/promise 神聖、無疑、不能被收買的誓約 4. inviolable rights 不能被擅自侵占的地方

Question 126

prudent

Answer 126

cautious, careful, planning wisely, exercising sound judgment in practical matters (adj.) 謹慎的; 明智規劃的 = discreet, judicious, circumspect

Question 127

commodious

Answer 127

adj. spacious, having plenty of room, comfortably convenient - a house or room that is commodious is very big

Question 128

proximity

Answer 128

nearness, closeness, the state of being in the vicinity of something (n. ) 接近 靠近 1. the proximity of their houses 2. the proximity of historic events 3. proximity of blood relation 4. the proximity of two ideas

Question 129

advocate

Answer 129

to support, plead for, be in favor of, defend by argument; especially, to speak or write in favor or in defense of a person or cause (v.) 支持；擁護；主張

Question 130

delegate

Answer 130

to entrust with authority or power | (v.) 授權；委託；委派

Question 131

unprecedented

Answer 131

adj. that has never happened, been done or been known before - Most researchers believe that these unprecedented accomplishments were the product of a revolution in Sapiens' cognitive abilities. - we’re considering various strategies to help some threatened species survive this unprecedented, this warming trend, which, as you know, is caused mainly by greenhouse gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels. - This would have brought about an unprecedented transformation in human capabilities and lifestyles.

Question 132

poignant

Answer 132

piercing, incisive, and keen (adj. ) 尖銳的；辛辣的；強烈的；有穿透力的 1. a poignant odor/beauty/look (感官上) 2. a poignant drama/family reunion (情感上) 3. a poignant delight/critique/wit ( 犀利、挖苦的 )

Question 133

nebulous

Answer 133

adj. not clear, vague - nebulous writing - a nebulous idea/purpose/goal

Question 134

clandestine

Answer 134

kept secret, done in secrecy, especially for an evil, immoral, or illegal purpose (adj. ) 祕密的，暗中的( 尤其為了邪惡、不道德或非法的目的 ) 1. a clandestine affair 2. a clandestine business 3. a clandestine intelligence operation 秘密情報工作

Question 135

tirade

Answer 135

a long drawn-out speech | (n.) 長篇大論的譴責 攻擊性演說

Question 136

recur

Answer 136

to happen again, occur again, especially at intervals or after some lapse of time (v.) 再發生( 尤其每隔一段時間就會發生的 )

Question 137

tacit

Answer 137

unspoken, silent, implied or understood without words (adj. ) 沉默的；默示的 - tacit consent 默許 - a tacit agreement 默契 - tacit knowledge ( know-how, base on experience ) - tacit approval/support - By tacit agreement, the subject was never mentioned again.

Question 138

allegation

Answer 138

n. a public statement that is made without giving proof, accusing somebody of doing something that is wrong or illegal - Allegation that Mr. Dwight was receiving money from known criminals have caused a scandal. - an unsubstantiated allegation of child abuse

Question 139

gullible

Answer 139

adj. easily deceived or cheated 容易受騙的 - a gullible person

Question 140

benign

Answer 140

kindly, good-natured, gracious, mid, having or showing a gentle disposition (adj. ) 仁慈的、友善的、寬厚的、溫和的 1. a benign old man 2. a benign intention 3. a benign omen 吉祥的預兆

Question 141

peripheral

Answer 141

external, outer, lying at or forming the outside or boundary of something; hence, not essential, irrelevant (adj. ) 外面的；周圍的；周邊的；無關緊要的 1. explore the periphery of the polar icecap 2. peripheral issues

Question 142

rebuff

Answer 142

v. to refuse bluntly, reject sharply, turn down abruptly | - She rebuffed all suggestions that she should resign.

Question 143

animosity

Answer 143

ill will, hostility, antagonism, strong dislike or hatred (n.) 惡意、敵意；仇恨，憎恨 = malevolence

Question 144

tenuous

Answer 144

thin, slender, slight, flimsy, weak, not dense or substantial, lacking a string basis (adj. ) 纖細的；稀薄的；虛弱的；貧乏的 1. a tenuous grip 2. a tenuous proposal

Question 145

complacent

Answer 145

adj. pleased with a situation, especially something you have achieved, so that you stop trying to improve or change things – used to show disapproval - a complacent smile - a complacent behavior - a complacent attitude towards the problem

Question 146

acme

Answer 146

the peak, highest point, summit, zenith, especially the point of culmination, the highest possible point in the development or progress of something (n. ) 頂點 1. the acme of his career

Question 147

defunct

Answer 147

``` adj. dead, extinct, obsolete; no longer in existence, effect, operation, or use - a defunct law - a defunct organization - a defunct person ```

Question 148

abet

Answer 148

To encourage, support, help, aid, promote, assist in achieving a purpose (v. ) 鼓勵、支持、協助、促使 1. aid and abet 協助及教唆犯罪 2. abet the cause of justice

Question 149

haggard

Answer 149

worn out, tired, gaunt, drawn, emaciated | (adj.) 疲累的, 憔悴的, 消瘦的

Question 150

waive

Answer 150

to relinquish voluntarily, give up, forgo (v. ) (自願)放棄 1. waive discussion 2. waive formalities ( formality = 禮節、例行公事)

Question 151

carnal

Answer 151

bodily, pertaining to the flesh as opposed to the spirit, sensual, corporeal (adj. ) 肉體的；感官的 1. carnal desires 2. carnal lust 3. carnal knowledge

Question 152

sanction

Answer 152

to approve, allow, permit, authorize, certify, ratify (v. ) 1.批准；2. 制裁 1. not sanction unmarried sexual relations 2. impose economic sanctions on the country

Question 153

ambiguous

Answer 153

uncertain, unclear, doubtful, dubious, questionable, puzzling, having an obscure or indefinite meaning (adj. ) 含糊的；疑惑的，困惑的 1. an ambiguous intention 2. an ambiguous statement

Question 154

spendthrift

Answer 154

wasteful, spending extravagantly or foolishly, squandering one's resources. (adj.) 浪費的，以揮霍或愚蠢的方式花錢的

Question 155

mollify

Answer 155

v. to make somebody feel less angry or upset - mollify his anger - mollify conflicts - Humans, for their part, can address the rock, to mollify or threaten it.

Question 156

unequivocal

Answer 156

clear and direct, definite, straightforward, certain; having a single, obvious meaning; capable of being interpreted in only one way (adj. ) 清楚又直接的，明確的；直率的 1. unequivocal response

Question 157

malleable

Answer 157

capable of being shaped, able to be molded or manipulated, adaptable, impressionable (adj. ) 可塑的；適應力強的；易受影響的 1. malleable metals 2. a malleable actor

Question 158

verbose

Answer 158

adj. /vɜːˈbəʊs/ wordy, having too many words, long-winded, full of verbiage - Legal writing is often unclear and verbose.

Question 159

discern

Answer 159

v. 辨別 1. discern a figure in the darkness 2. It is difficult to discern any pattern in these figures.

Question 160

curate

Answer 160

v. 1. 策(展) 2. to pull together, sift through, and select for | curate our own experience

Question 161

revelation

Answer 161

n. 揭發、啟示錄

Question 162

plausible

Answer 162

adj. 1. (of an excuse or explanation) reasonable and likely to be true - a plausible explanation/excuse 2. (of a person) good at sounding honest and sincere, especially when trying to trick people - a plausible salesman

Question 163

metamorphose

Answer 163

n. 1. 脫胎換骨的 2. (兩棲、昆蟲)變態

Question 164

deity

Answer 164

n. god or goddess

Question 165

momentous

Answer 165

adj. very important or serious, especially because there may be important results ( syn: historic ) - a momentous decision for the family

Question 166

irrigation

Answer 166

n. 1. 灌溉 2. 沖洗傷口、器官 1. an irrigation system 2. colonic irrigation

Question 167

seep

Answer 167

v. （液体）渗出；渗漏 n. seepage /ˈsiːpɪdʒ/ - Also, the walls weren't completely waterproof- moisture could seep in, buildings were often damp.

Question 168

amoeba

Answer 168

n. 變形蟲

Question 169

excretion

Answer 169

n. 排泄 - the excretion of toxic substances through the skin v. excrete - But they not only take in some minerals as nutrients, they also excrete others as waste products.

Question 170

concentration

Answer 170

n. 1. 集中 2. 濃度 | the concentration of salt

Question 171

evolve

Answer 171

v. 進化、逐步發展 | 1. Humans evolve from apes

Question 172

wonder

Answer 172

v. 疑惑、(禮貌的)是否能...；感到驚訝 n. 驚訝；奇觀 the wonders of Ancient Greek

Question 173

imposing

Answer 173

adj. 壯觀的、宏偉的 = impressive | an imposing mansion

Question 174

mild

Answer 174

adj. 1. 溫和的 2.(天氣)暖和的 | mild weather

Question 175

gosling

Answer 175

n. a young goose

Question 176

assortment

Answer 176

n. 各式各樣、集錦

Question 177

impediment

Answer 177

n. 妨害、阻止 - War has been an additional impediment to progress - These are at best a waste and at worst an impediment to the transfer of pollen in the air.

Question 178

hindrance

Answer 178

n. obstacle | 1. I've never considered my disabilities a hindrance.

Question 179

precipitous

Answer 179

adj. 陡峭的 =steep

Question 180

wriggle

Answer 180

v. 扭動、蠕動

Question 181

wavy

Answer 181

adj. 蜷曲的、波浪似的

Question 182

perish

Answer 182

v. 死、消滅 be wiped out | perishable 易消滅的、易腐敗的

Question 183

allude to

Answer 183

影射

Question 184

conquistador

Answer 184

A Spanish conqueror of the Americas

Question 185

shimmer

Answer 185

v. to shine with a soft light that looks as if it shakes slightly - When driving in the car on a hot summer day, you may see what looks like shimmering water on the road, which, as science tells us, is really just a mirage

Question 186

inadvertent

Answer 186

adj. 無意中; unintentional, careless - He inadvertently deleted the file. - cooking inadvertently opened the way to the jumbo brains of Neanderthals and Sapiens. - People began eating more wheat, and in exchange they inadvertently spread its growth.

Question 187

excursion

Answer 187

n. 遠足, a short journey

Question 188

herd

Answer 188

n. 獸群 | a herd of cattle/elephants/goats

Question 189

anthropology

Answer 189

n. 人類學

Question 190

reptile

Answer 190

n. 爬蟲類

Question 191

hide

Answer 191

v. 躲藏 n. 獸皮、(可觀察鳥獸的)隱身處

Question 192

conduct

Answer 192

v. 進行、實施 | improper conduct

Question 193

timber

Answer 193

n. 木材

Question 194

plank

Answer 194

n. 木板、木條

Question 195

cedar

Answer 195

n. 雪松

Question 196

pelt

Answer 196

n. (死去動物的)毛皮、皮 | beaver pelt

Question 197

rarity

Answer 197

n. 稀有、罕見

Question 198

elk

Answer 198

n. moose

Question 199

deciduous

Answer 199

adj. (樹木)落葉性的 evergreen - deciduous trees - Deciduous teeth are also called children's teeth, baby teeth or first teeth. Deciduous teeth are smaller and whiter than permanent teeth.

Question 200

shed

Answer 200

v. (葉子)掉落；流(淚、血) | shed leaves

Question 201

beech

Answer 201

n. 山毛櫸

Question 202

shrub

Answer 202

n. 灌木

Question 203

fern

Answer 203

n. 蕨類

Question 204

moss

Answer 204

n. 苔癬

Question 205

stampede

Answer 205

v. 逃竄

Question 206

descendant

Answer 206

n. 子孫

Question 207

barter

Answer 207

v. 以物易物

Question 208

tap

Answer 208

v. 開發、利用(資源)；輕拍 | 1. tap the energy of winds

Question 209

versatile

Answer 209

adj. 用途廣泛的

Question 210

meringue

Answer 210

n. 蛋白霜

Question 211

dynamite

Answer 211

n. 炸藥

Question 212

postulate

Answer 212

v. /ˈpɑːstʃəleɪt/ ( syn: hypothesize ) to suggest or accept that something is true so that it can be used as the basis for a theory, etc. - It was the Greek astronomer, Ptolemy, who postulated that the earth was at the center of the universe. - It has been postulated that the condition is inherited. - One was the particular study site he happened to use as a springboard for his sweeping postulate of a lifeless abyss.

Question 213

contract

Answer 213

v. 縮小( =shrink)；n. 契約

Question 214

deplete

Answer 214

v. (資源)使用殆盡 - If we continue to deplete the earth's natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment. - So the upper levels of the soil eventually get depleted of these materials, while the lower levels get enriched with them.

Question 215

underway

Answer 215

adj. in progress

Question 216

exploit

Answer 216

v. /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ 開發、利用(資源)；榨取(人) 1. exploit sth: (disapproving)to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself - He exploited his father's name to get himself a job. - She realized that her youth and inexperience were being exploited. 2. exploit sb.: (disproving)to treat somebody unfairly by making them work and not giving them much in return - exploit the workers - Foreign students being exploited - The workers are ruthlessly exploited by their employers. 3. to use something well in order to gain as much from it as possible - The company has been successful in exploiting new technology to the full. 4. to develop or use something for business or industry - No minerals have yet been exploited in Antarctica. - exploit natural resources

Question 217

incandescent lamp

Answer 217

白熾燈

Question 218

conduit

Answer 218

n. (水、電)導管

Question 219

apprentice

Answer 219

n. 徒弟、研習生 | apprenticeship 研習期間

Question 220

grant

Answer 220

v. to agree to give somebody what they ask for, especially formal or legal permission to do something - My request was _____. - The judge _____ an injunction preventing the newspaper from printing the names. n. an amount of money given to someone, especially by the government, for a particular purpose - The university gets a government _____. - We just got a _____ to hire a part-time library assistant for our photography archives.

Question 221

asylum

Answer 221

n. (政治)避難、庇護；精神病院

Question 222

aesthetic

Answer 222

adj. 美的 | - There are practical as well as aesthetic reasons for planting trees.

Question 223

intricate

Answer 223

adj. 複雜的 | 1. intricate plot

Question 224

predominant

Answer 224

adj. /prɪˈdɑːmɪnənt/ 1. most obvious or easy to notice - Yellow is the predominant colour this spring in the fashion world. 2. having more power or influence than others - the predominant group in society - a predominant culture

Question 225

carcinogen

Answer 225

n. 致癌物

Question 226

insecticide

Answer 226

n. pesticide

Question 227

deceptive

Answer 227

adj. 欺騙的

Question 228

duplicity

Answer 228

n. 欺騙，雙面人的行為

Question 229

delusive

Answer 229

adj. false | 1. the delusive hope

Question 230

incidence

Answer 230

n. 事件；(事件)發生率

Question 231

influenza

Answer 231

n. flu

Question 232

hereditary

Answer 232

adj. 遺傳的、世襲的 1. hereditary diseases 2. hereditary estate

Question 233

infectious

Answer 233

adj. 感染的、傳染的

Question 234

reincarnation

Answer 234

n. 輪迴 | incarnation: a person who represents a particular quality, for example, in human form

Question 235

splashdown

Answer 235

n. a landing by a spacecraft in the sea

Question 236

tentative

Answer 236

adj. 暫時性的、不確定性的 | 1. tentative agreement

Question 237

provisional

Answer 237

adj. for the present time but likely to change - provisional goverment

Question 238

roam

Answer 238

v. wander | roam the city streets

Question 239

stratum

Answer 239

n. pl. strata 地層、岩層 a layer of rock, soil, or similar material - The cliffs are characterized by remarkable zigzagging strata of shale and sandstone.

Question 240

seismology

Answer 240

n. 地震學

Question 241

hydrogen

Answer 241

H

Question 242

methane

Answer 242

CH4

Question 243

strain

Answer 243

n. 種類、特質 | 1. a new strain of bacteria

Question 244

incentive

Answer 244

n. 刺激、激勵 | 1. The desire for profit is an incentive to work.

Question 245

enact

Answer 245

v. /ɪˈnækt/ 1. to pass a law - A package of economic sanctions is to be enacted against the country. 2. to perform a play or act a part in a play - The stories are enacted using music, dance and mime.

Question 246

act

Answer 246

n. 法令、條例

Question 247

alimentary

Answer 247

adj. 食物的、營養的

Question 248

alimentary canal

Answer 248

消化道

Question 249

be endowed with

Answer 249

1. to make someone or something have a particular quality, or to believe that they have it - Her resistance to the Nationalists endowed her with legendary status. 2. to naturally have a good feature or quality - She was endowed with good looks.

Question 250

blight

Answer 250

n. 1. to have a bad effect on something, especially by causing a lot of problems - His arrival cast a blight on the wedding day. 2. an unhealthy condition of plants in which parts of them dry up and die - the vines suffered blight and disease - Wheat got sick, so Sapiens had to keep a watch out for worms and blight.

Question 251

famine

Answer 251

n. not enough food, starvation

Question 252

blighter

Answer 252

n. 討人厭的人

Question 253

scoundrel

Answer 253

n. a mean or wicked person

Question 254

rogue

Answer 254

adj. /rəʊɡ/ not behaving in the usual or accepted way and often causing trouble - Officials are concerned about rogue regimes that may have nuclear weapons. - What happens when a spy goes rogue?

Question 255

prosperity

Answer 255

n. 繁盛(尤其指經濟上的) | 1. a country's future prosperity

Question 256

affluent

Answer 256

adj. having plenty of money, nice houses, expensive things etc - affluent nations/neighborhoods - the original affluent society n. affluence - The owners of these grand buildings wanted to decorate the walls, to reflect their own affluence and prestige.

Question 257

augment

Answer 257

v. 提高、加強，increase the size or value | augment his income

Question 258

hiatus

Answer 258

縫隙

Question 259

distraught

Answer 259

adj. /dɪˈstrɔːt/ very upset because of something bad that has happened, so that you cannot think clearly - The missing child's distraught parents made an emotional appeal for information on TV. - The boy’s hospital bed was surrounded by distraught relatives.

Question 260

platonic

Answer 260

柏拉圖式的 | platonic love

Question 261

myriad

Answer 261

adj. a very large number - But for countless generations they did not stand out from the myriad other organisms with which they shared their habitats. - An archaeologist working 100,000 years form now could piece together a reasonable picture of Muslim belief and practice from the myriad objects he unearthed in a ruined mosque.

Question 262

by all means

Answer 262

certainly, of course

Question 263

momentary

Answer 263

adj. lasting for only an instant

Question 264

paleontology

Answer 264

n. 古生物學

Question 265

penance

Answer 265

n. 自我懲罰;(基督教的)苦修,贖罪

Question 266

reckless

Answer 266

adj. 魯莽的

Question 267

nudge

Answer 267

v. 輕拍

Question 268

dubious

Answer 268

adj. not certain about something and suspecting that something may be wrong; not knowing whether something is good or bad (syn: doubtful) - I was rather dubious about the whole idea.

Question 269

hallucinate

Answer 269

v. 產生幻覺

Question 270

customary

Answer 270

adj. usual, expected, routine | - In some cultures it is customary for the bride to wear white.

Question 271

consummate

Answer 271

v. 圓房; 使完美 adj. 完全的, 完美的 1. The marriage was never consummated. 2. a consummate liar/athlete/gentleman

Question 272

accolade

Answer 272

n. /ˈækəleɪd/ praise or an award for an achievement that people admire - He was granted the ultimate accolade - his face on a postage stamp.

Question 273

evade

Answer 273

v. to avoid or escape from someone or something - The escaped prisoners evaded recapture for long. - She leaned forward to kiss him but he evaded her by pretending to sneeze.

Question 274

custody

Answer 274

n. 照管, 監護 (guarding) | 1. The mother got/received custody of the child.

Question 275

hideous

Answer 275

adj. very ugly, offensive, shocking

Question 276

mesmerize

Answer 276

v. to fascinate or hypnotize

Question 277

unnerve

Answer 277

v. to make nervous or upset

Question 278

nostalgic

Answer 278

adj. 懷舊的

Question 279

vicarious

Answer 279

adj. experienced by watching or reading about someone else doing something, rather than by doing it yourself - vicarious pleasure

Question 280

drastic

Answer 280

adj. 猛烈的

Question 281

albeit

Answer 281

although

Question 282

snivel

Answer 282

v. 抽噎, 哭鼻子

Question 283

tremor

Answer 283

n. a shaking movement

Question 284

inescapable

Answer 284

adj. unavoidable

Question 285

feud

Answer 285

n. /v. 世仇，長期不和 - Nothing mattered any longer not the fact that Harry was younger, not the fact that Harry was the son of his rival, not the fact that they had been feuding for years.

Question 286

conviction

Answer 286

n. 1. a very strong belief or opinion - a woman of strong political convictions - The students possess the conviction that they can make a difference to their community. 2. the feeling of being sure about something and having no doubts - He was able to say with conviction that he had changed. 3. a decision in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime, or the process of proving that someone is guilty - Applicants are checked for criminal convictions. - This was her third conviction for theft.

Question 287

resign

Answer 287

v. 辭去(職務); 放棄(工作)

Question 288

disdain

Answer 288

v. 輕視、蔑視

Question 289

vindictive

Answer 289

adj. unreasonably cruel and unfair towards someone who has harmed you - The criticism is both vindictive and personalized.

Question 290

absolution

Answer 290

n. 贖罪、寬恕 - She was granted/given absolution.

Question 291

unrequited

Answer 291

adj. 單相思的 | 1. unrequited love

Question 292

delirious

Answer 292

adj. 神智不清的；狂喜的

Question 293

rudimentary

Answer 293

n. basic, 粗陋的

Question 294

wean sb off sth

Answer 294

戒除 | wean addicts to cocaine

Question 295

deteriorate

Answer 295

v. to become worse - Ethel’s health has deteriorated. - America’s deteriorating economy

Question 296

frail

Answer 296

weak

Question 297

reconciliation

Answer 297

n. 和解

Question 298

immaculate

Answer 298

spotless; perfect

Question 299

intoxicated

Answer 299

adj. 喝醉的；中毒的

Question 300

mortify

Answer 300

To embarrass or humiliate | - The thought of the incident still mortified her.

Question 301

ensue

Answer 301

v. 結果發生

Question 302

bleak

Answer 302

adj. 1. (of a situation) not giving any reason to have hope or expect anything good - The future looks bleak for the fishing industry. 2. (of the weather) cold and unpleasant - a bleak winter’s day

Question 303

feign

Answer 303

v. to pretend that you have a particular feeling or that you are ill, tired, etc. - You know everyone feigns surprise when you tell them how old you are.

Question 304

involuntary

Answer 304

adj. an involuntary movement, etc. is made suddenly, without you intending it or being able to control it - A sharp tap on the knee usually causes an involuntary movement of the lower leg.

Question 305

mythology

Answer 305

n. 神話

Question 306

interdisciplinary

Answer 306

adj. 跨學科的、跨領域的 | 1. interdisciplinary courses

Question 307

speculation

Answer 307

n. 推測、判斷

Question 308

champion

Answer 308

v. 支持、聲援

Question 309

attribute

Answer 309

n. 特質、屬性；v. 歸因於; 認為是出自誰的作品 - He attributes his success to his coach. - His doctor attributes his health problems to a poor diet and a lack of exercise. - The two great epic poems of ancient Greece, the Iliad and the Odyssey, are often attributed to the Greek poet Homer.

Question 310

ascribe

Answer 310

something to someone/something,歸因於

Question 311

apparent

Answer 311

adj. 顯然的、表面上的

Question 312

factual

Answer 312

adj. 事實的、真實的

Question 313

envision

Answer 313

n. 展望、預計 - It's a common fallacy to envision these species as arranged in a straight line of descent, with Ergaster begetting Erectus, Erectus begetting the Neanderthals, and the Neanderthals evolving into us.

Question 314

established

Answer 314

adj. 確立的、既定的、被認可的

Question 315

efficacious

Answer 315

adj. 奏效的、有效的

Question 316

whereby

Answer 316

adv. /conj. 藉以；在...的情況下 | 1. We need to devise some sort of system whereby people can liaise with each other.

Question 317

a penchant for something

Answer 317

n. if you have a penchant for something, you like that thing very much and try to do it or have it often - a penchant for skiing/exotic clothes - Yes. She was actually a writer for several years… but she did have a penchant for math and engineering, so… she read a lot about it on her own.

Question 318

pantomime

Answer 318

n. 嬉鬧劇

Question 319

impersonate

Answer 319

v. 模仿

Question 320

impersonal

Answer 320

adj. 沒有人情味的 | 1. Hospitals always seems so impersonal - row of identical beds in dull grey rooms.

Question 321

objectify

Answer 321

v. 物化

Question 322

substantial

Answer 322

adj. important； 大的；大體上的 | The findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women.

Question 323

Neolithic

Answer 323

New Stone Age

Question 324

obsidian

Answer 324

n. 黑曜石

Question 325

flake

Answer 325

v. (成片的)剝落

Question 326

hatchway

Answer 326

n. 艙口、天窗

Question 327

plaster

Answer 327

n. 灰泥、灰漿；v. (灰泥)抹、粉刷；大量張貼 - in plaster 打著石膏 - The Maya excavated depressions( = shallow hole), or modified natural depressions, and then plugged up leaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in order to create reservoirs.

Question 328

soot

Answer 328

n. 煤灰

Question 329

excavation

Answer 329

n. (古物)發掘

Question 330

speculate

Answer 330

v. 推測

Question 331

spectate

Answer 331

v. (比賽)觀看

Question 332

cereal crops

Answer 332

n. 穀物

Question 333

rodent

Answer 333

n. rat and mice

Question 334

hibernate

Answer 334

v. 冬眠

Question 335

grapple

Answer 335

v. to fight or struggle with someone, holding them tightly ( syn: wrestle ) - grapple with: Two officers grappled with the gunman. - In the displays, pairs of bees faced each other, slowly flew vertically to a height of about three meters, and then grappled each other to the ground.

Question 336

turmoil

Answer 336

n. 騷亂

Question 337

disillusion

Answer 337

v. 幻滅 | 1. I hate to disillusion you, but pregnancy is not always wonderful - I was sick every day for six months.

Question 338

by and large

Answer 338

generally, but not completely, true - There are a few small things that I don’t like about my job, but by and large it’s very enjoyable. - By and large, I enjoyed my time at school.

Question 339

tundra

Answer 339

n. 苔原帶、凍原帶

Question 340

cessation

Answer 340

n. ending or stopping | 1. a cessation of the bombing campaign

Question 341

avalanche

Answer 341

n. 雪崩

Question 342

seedling

Answer 342

n. 幼苗

Question 343

graze

Answer 343

v. 1. 擦傷(皮膚) 2. 放牧 | 1. grazing animals

Question 344

lichen

Answer 344

n. 地衣

Question 345

prostrate

Answer 345

adj. 1. lying on the ground and facing downwards - prostrate herself on the bare floor of the church 2. so shocked, upset, etc. that you cannot do anything - A woman, prostrate with grief, lay wailing on the ground.

Question 346

rigor

Answer 346

n. /ˈrɪɡə/ = rigour great care and thoroughness in making sure that something is correct - Their research seems to me to be lacking in rigor.

Question 347

equatorial

Answer 347

adj. near the equator；赤道附近

Question 348

prevalent

Answer 348

adj. 流行的、盛行的 | 1. The diseases are more prevalent among young children.

Question 349

meteorology

Answer 349

n. 氣象學

Question 350

rule of thumb

Answer 350

經驗法則

Question 351

manifestation

Answer 351

n. 顯示、表明

Question 352

voice box

Answer 352

n. 喉頭

Question 353

overt

Answer 353

adj. 公開的

Question 354

covert

Answer 354

adj. /ˈkəʊvɜːrt/ secret or hidden, making it difficult to notice - Every measure, both overt and covert, is being taken against terrorists.

Question 355

electrode

Answer 355

n. 電極

Question 356

seal

Answer 356

n. 海豹、封口 v. 密封、批准

Question 357

diminish

Answer 357

v. reduce - I want to diminish her achievements, but she did have a lot of help. - If these artists did use a camera obscura, does that diminish their stature?

Question 358

tract

Answer 358

n. 1. the digestive/reproductive/urinary etc tract - the urinary/respiratory/digestive tract 2. a large area of land - vast tract of woodland - They concentrated their studies on a thirteen-hectare tract of tropical dry forest that contained numerous nests of nine species of stingless bees. 3. a short piece of writing, especially about a moral or religious subject - a moral/political/religious tract

Question 359

be devoid of

Answer 359

lack of sth | He seems to be devoid of compassion

Question 360

susceptible

Answer 360

adj. 1. very likely to be influenced, harmed or affected by something - Among susceptible children, this disease can develop very fast. - The areas that are now desert were, like all arid regions, very susceptible to cycles of higher and lower levels of rainfall, resulting in major, sudden changes in distributions of plants and animals. 2. if something is susceptible of an action, that action can be done to it - The facts are susceptible of other explanations. - Working conditions are susceptible of improvement by legislation.

Question 361

trample

Answer 361

v. 踩、踐踏 | Somebody trampled all over my flowerbeds.

Question 362

pulverize

Answer 362

v. 把...壓/磨成粉；defeat | pulverized coal/bones

Question 363

crustal

Answer 363

adj. (地球的)外殼

Question 364

progressive

Answer 364

adj. 逐漸的；(思想、體制)先進的

Question 365

excess

Answer 365

n. an amount that is more than acceptable, expected, or reasonable - An excess of enthusiasm is not always a good thing.

Question 366

gill

Answer 366

n. 鰓 - Gills were undoubtedly the main source of oxygen for these fish, but the lungs served as an auxiliary breathing device for gulping air when the water became oxygen depleted, such as during extended periods of drought.

Question 367

walrus

Answer 367

n. 海象

Question 368

vestigial

Answer 368

adj. being a small remaining part ；(身體部位)退化的 | a vestigial organ/limb/tail

Question 369

hemp

Answer 369

n. 麻藥

Question 370

chief

Answer 370

adj. most important or main

Question 371

moor

Answer 371

v. To hold in place with ropes or anchors. | 1. We moored the boat to a large tree root.

Question 372

succulent

Answer 372

adj. 多汁的 | 1. succulent plant 多肉植物

Question 373

stoma

Answer 373

n. /ˈstəʊmə/ pl. stomata 氣孔

Question 374

dormant

Answer 374

adj. 睡眠 hibernate is the long-dormant state - f

Question 375

wipe out

Answer 375

eliminate something completely

Question 376

commemorate

Answer 376

v. 紀念, 緬懷 - to commemorate those who lost their lives in the war - a parade to commemorate the town’s bicentenary - I worked on the photography exhibition last year, the one that was commemorating the university's 100th anniversary.

Question 377

patron

Answer 377

n. 贊助人

Question 378

patriotism

Answer 378

n. 愛國主義 1. inspire the confidence and patriotism 2. ignite the fire of patriotism

Question 379

take hold

Answer 379

become effective, established 變強；確立地位 - the link between Columbus and the United States took hold - The economic recovery is just beginning to take hold now.

Question 380

cast

Answer 380

v. 分配...演出 cast - cast - cast 1. He was often cast as the villain.

Question 381

destined

Answer 381

adj. 注定 | 1. These plans are destined to fail.

Question 382

marsh

Answer 382

n. 濕地 | 像是Everglades的樣子

Question 383

germinate

Answer 383

v. 發芽 | The beans will only germinate if the temperature is warm enough.

Question 384

substrate

Answer 384

n. 基質，讓有機物生長 例如土壤->植物 - The soil is the substrate of most seed plants. - In the case of substrate inhabitants it may be space, as in many shallow-water bottom-dwelling marine organisms. *substratum n. a layer of something, especially rock or soil, that is below another layer - the substratum of society - Coral reefs are found where there is a firm substratum.

Question 385

silt

Answer 385

n. (河口)淤泥, 泥沙 siltation : the process of blocking something with sand or soil; the sand or soil that blocks something - At present they are coming under a variety of threats, of which two of the most important are dredging and the effects of increased siltation brought about by accelerated erosion from neighboring land areas.

Question 386

sulfur

Answer 386

S 硫

Question 387

estuary

Answer 387

n. 河口

Question 388

reclamation

Answer 388

n. (土地)開墾, 改造 /ˌrekləˈmeɪʃn/ | land reclamation = land fill

Question 389

fringe

Answer 389

n. 邊緣；瀏海

Question 390

dredge

Answer 390

v. 1. to remove mud or sand from the bottom of a river, harbour etc, "or" to search for something by doing this - dredge the canal - They dredged for oysters. - It was his dredge that was inadequate. Its opening was so small and the holes in the net so large that the dredge inevitably missed animals. 2. 在.....撒(flour, sugar) - dredge the cake with icing sugar

Question 391

feasible

Answer 391

adj. that is possible and likely to be achieved - Uh, true-and for decades that's exactly what's prevented the idea from being feasible, or even just taken seriously: Um, where do we find a material strong enough, yet light weight enough, to act as a cable or track.

Question 392

foster

Answer 392

v. 1.促進, 2.撫養 - foster peace and harmony - Patrick is then placed with an unloving foster mother.

Question 393

sedentary

Answer 393

adj. 久未活動的 | - To start with, it forced the population to abandon the nomad's life and become sedentary.

Question 394

fluctuate

Answer 394

v. (持續)起伏不定 - There were, however, fluctuations in the climatic conditions, with the consequences that wet conditions were followed by dry ones, so that the availability of plants and animals oscillated brusquely.

Question 395

brusque

Answer 395

adj. 粗糙的 - There were, however, fluctuations in the climatic conditions, with the consequences that wet conditions were followed by dry ones, so that the availability of plants and animals oscillated brusquely.

Question 396

pastoral

Answer 396

adj. 牧師的、牧人的 , (n.)放牧, 畜牧 - priest n. 神父, 牧師, 神職人員 - shepherd n. 牧羊人 v. 帶領, 領導 - pasture n. 牧場

Question 397

domesticate

Answer 397

- v. 馴養 | - The fact that some societies domesticated animals and plants.

Question 398

contention

Answer 398

n. 1. a strong opinion that someone expresses - Her main contention is that doctors should do more to encourage healthy eating. - A convincing 50-million-year sequence of modern horse ancestors-each slightly larger, with more complex teeth, a longer face, and a more prominent central toe-seemed to provide strong support for Darwin's contention that species evolve gradually. 2. argument and disagreement between people - Whether Mithen's explanation is satisfactory is open to "contention", and some authors have recently emphasized the importance of other factors.

Question 399

orientation

Answer 399

n. (新工作)培訓、準備 → 入學指導 - Female Professor: Can't find your orientation session? Student: Uh-huh. What a way to begin... lost going to orientation...

Question 400

prominent

Answer 400

adj. 傑出的 | - Right-the department has many prominent alumni.

Question 401

plummet

Answer 401

v. 暴跌，急遽下降 | - House prices have plummeted in recent months.

Question 402

constituent

Answer 402

n. /kənˈstɪtʃ.u.ənt/ 要素 - All these diverse constituents are aggregated together to form chondritic meteorites, like Allende, that have chemical compositions much like that of the Sun. - The compound cellulose is the major constituent of most plant tissue- it mineralizes relatively quickly.

Question 403

refractory

Answer 403

adj. 難以治療的；難以控制的 - This is a chronic and disabling condition that is refractory to treatment. - a refractory child

Question 404

nebula

Answer 404

n. 星雲

Question 405

sludge

Answer 405

n. 爛泥 | - We seemed to spend the last mile of the walk knee-deep in sludge.

Question 406

foster

Answer 406

v. 1.促進, 2.撫養 - foster peace and harmony - Patrick is then placed with an unloving foster mother.

Question 407

sedentary

Answer 407

adj. 久未活動的 | - To start with, it forced the population to abandon the nomad's life and become sedentary.

Question 408

fluctuate

Answer 408

v. (持續)起伏不定 - There were, however, fluctuations in the climatic conditions, with the consequences that wet conditions were followed by dry ones, so that the availability of plants and animals oscillated brusquely.

Question 409

brusque

Answer 409

adj. 粗糙的 | 1. a brusque manner

Question 410

pastoral

Answer 410

adj. 牧師的、牧人的 - priest n. 神父, 牧師, 神職人員 - shepherd n. 牧羊人 v. 帶領, 領導 - pasture n. 牧場

Question 411

domesticate

Answer 411

v. 馴養 | - The fact that some societies domesticated animals and plants.

Question 412

contention

Answer 412

n. 爭論 - Whether Mithen's explanation is satisfactory is open to "contention", and some authors have recently emphasized the importance of other factors.

Question 413

orientation

Answer 413

n. (新工作)培訓、準備 → 入學指導 Female Professor: Can't find your orientation session? Student: Uh-huh. What a way to begin... lost going to orientation...

Question 414

plummet

Answer 414

v. 暴跌，急遽下降 | - House prices have plummeted in recent months.

Question 415

constituent

Answer 415

adj. 難以治療的；難以控制的 - This is a chronic and disabling condition that is refractory to treatment. - a refractory child

Question 416

nebula

Answer 416

n. 星雲

Question 417

sludge

Answer 417

n. 爛泥 | - We seemed to spend the last mile of the walk knee-deep in sludge.

Question 418

subordinate

Answer 418

adj. 從屬的, 下級的 - One of them is in charge, one of them is subordinate, and their body language clearly is detailing which is which. - a subordinate role 配角

Question 419

supplicant

Answer 419

n. 懇求者 | - When you are the supplicant, when you are there asking for help, your behaviors are more contrite.

Question 420

erogenous

Answer 420

adj. (身體部位)喚起情慾的 | - This is your erogenous zone.

Question 421

virile

Answer 421

adj. 陽剛氣的, 強壯的 - Or you get these social aardvarks who wanna squeeze your hands to demonstrate that they're strong and virile and so forth.

Question 422

leave a bad taste in one’s mouth

Answer 422

留下不愉快的記憶 - It just leaves a bad feeling in our mouth, so. Bad people are identified by bad behaviors. No one is bad until we see the demonstrable bad behaviors.

Question 423

savanna

Answer 423

n. (非洲)稀樹草原 - A hundred thousands years ago, we were all in Africa **savanna**. - As a breeze blows through the savanna, a snake-shaped tube stretches into the air and scans the horizon like a periscope.

Question 424

feline

Answer 424

n. 貓科動物 | - We were surrounded by predators: Hyenas, lions, lionesses, these large **felines**.

Question 425

paleo-

Answer 425

prefix, 史前，原始 | - This is our paleocircuits.

Question 426

potentiate

Answer 426

v. 使能夠、加強 | - The gesture potentiate the message.

Question 427

limbic

Answer 427

n. 大腦邊緣系統 | - It causes what I called limbic hijacking.

Question 428

vigilant

Answer 428

adj. ​very careful to notice any signs of danger or trouble( SYN: alert, watchful ) - It makes us hypervigilant. - We have to be vigilant in defending the truth against misinformation. - Following the bomb scare at the airport, the staff have been warned to be extra vigilant.

Question 429

whammy

Answer 429

n. 霉運 | - But here's the whammy. It also limits the amount of time that we want this person to be nearest or around us.

Question 430

mentality

Answer 430

adj. 心態 | - Developers and testers have different mentalities.

Question 431

proactive

Answer 431

adj. 主動的、積極的 - So we were being proactive and effective. - Companies are going to have to be more proactive about environmental management.

Question 432

inferior

Answer 432

adj. /ɪnˈfɪr.i.ɚ/ 差的 ↔ superior - The Project Split product was of inferior quality. - It was clear the group were regarded as intellectually/morally/socially inferior. - So although we aren't sure exactly how many people took an active role in actually painting the ceiling, we can see areas which are really inferior to Michelangelo's work... that must've been painted by his apprentices.

Question 433

affliction

Answer 433

n. /əˈflɪkʃn/ pain and difficulty or something that causes it - affliction of the modern workplace - She suffered terrible afflictions in her life.

Question 434

diarrhoea

Answer 434

/ˌdaɪ.əˈriː.ə/ n. 腹瀉 - diarrhoea and sickness

Question 435

chronic

Answer 435

adj. (疾病, 不好的)慢性的、長期的 | - chronic diseases/conditions

Question 436

pronounced

Answer 436

adj. 明確的, 明顯的 | - Are micro-expressions more pronounced when people are on Zoom calls?

Question 437

tachometer

Answer 437

n. 時速表 | - As in the tachometer in your car, it moves very fast.

Question 438

in essence

Answer 438

= fundamentally

Question 439

authenticity

Answer 439

n. 真確性 | - One of the things that most impressed the original audience for photography was the idea of authenticity.

Question 440

obsolete

Answer 440

adj. out of date - Gas lamps became obsolete when electric lighting was invented. - Photography did indeed make certain kinds of painting obsolete --the daguerreotype virtually did away with the portrait miniature.

Question 441

medium

Answer 441

n. 媒介 - They told the story through the medium of dance. - Because the medium was so prolific, in the sense that it was possible to produce a multitude of images very cheaply, it was soon treated as the poor relation of fine art, rather than its destined successor.

Question 442

prolific

Answer 442

adj. 多產的; plenty - a prolific author/inventor - He was probably the most prolific songwriter of his generation. - Because the medium was so prolific, in the sense that it was possible to produce a multitude of images very cheaply, it was soon treated as the poor relation of fine art, rather than its destined successor.

Question 443

emulsion

Answer 443

n. 乳狀液 - Mixing oil and vinegar together produces an emulsion. - emulsion paint 乳膠漆

Question 444

genuine

Answer 444

adj. 1. a genuine feeling, desire etc is one that you really feel, not one you pretend to feel ( syn: sincere ) - a genuine fear of invasion - ‘Did he really?’ Her surprise seemed genuine. 2. something genuine really is what it seems to be ( syn: real ) - genuine leather 3. someone who is genuine is honest and friendly and you feel you can trust them - He's a very genuine person.

Question 445

prestige

Answer 445

n. 威望, 聲望 adj. prestigious - It lent prestige to those artists who used photographs as models for paintings. - After photography became regarded as an art form, portrait painting became less prestigious, um, less respected as an art form. - So, it didn't get much more prestigious than that.

Question 446

disruptive

Answer 446

adj. 破壞性的 - When a student engages in disruptive behavior in the classroom, it negatively impacts both the teacher's ability to teach and other students' ability to learn.

Question 447

banish

Answer 447

v. 放逐 - The group banished this demon. - I was banished to a distant corridor.

Question 448

dredge something up

Answer 448

1. to mention something that has been forgotten, especially something unpleasant or embarrassing - Newsweek magazine dredged up some remarks which he made last year. - That means most of us come into the office each day struggling to dredge up the desire to do, well, anything. 2. ​to manage to remember something, especially something that happened a long time ago - Robertson tried to dredge up an image of her in his mind.

Question 449

enticing

Answer 449

adj. something that is enticing is so attractive and interesting that you want to have it or know more about it - It was a hot day and the water looked enticing.

Question 450

domesticity

Answer 450

n. 家庭生活, 家務 - The lack of domesticity, offers a relief, from what can be, the fullest comforts of home. - a scene of happy domesticity

Question 451

secrete

Answer 451

v. if a part of an animal or plant secretes a liquid substance, it produces it - OK, venomous snakes are the ones that secrete poisonous substances, or venom-like the snakes of the viper family, or of cobras.

Question 452

constrictor

Answer 452

= boa constrictor | n. 蟒蛇，用身體絞死動物

Question 453

cobra

Answer 453

n. 眼鏡蛇，毒殺動物

Question 454

genre

Answer 454

n. (藝術)類型 | - To explain why Neel experimented with genres other than portraiture.

Question 455

objective

Answer 455

adj. 客觀的 | - Realism — an artist would try to make it as accurate, and objective as possible.

Question 456

vicinity

Answer 456

n. 鄰近地區；close to a particular amount or measurement - The stolen car was found in the vicinity of the station. - All meteorites are of the same age, somewhere in the vicinity of 4.5 billion years old. - And if you look at her work —we're talking in the vicinity of 3,000 paintings— if you look at them, it's like this gallery of the whole century.

Question 457

hamper

Answer 457

v. to prevent somebody from easily doing or achieving something - She tried to run, but was hampered by her heavy suitcase. - It is already hampering the oyster harvest and the Dungeness crab fishery, and it interferes with the recreational use of beaches and waterfronts.

Question 458

retraction

Answer 458

n. 撤回 - The newspaper printed a retraction for their previous error. - I think the paper should publish a retraction—or at the very least an apology to Sally.

Question 459

editorial

Answer 459

n. 社論、社評 | - OK, um... if I remember correctly, what you're referring to wasn't a news story, but an editorial, right?

Question 460

demean

Answer 460

v. 羞辱、貶低 - I wouldn't demean myself by asking my parents for money. - Well, yes, but the thing about the statue—Sally made the simple comment that it was in really bad condition and should be replaced, and, well, the tone in the editorial was demeaning.

Question 461

publicity

Answer 461

n. 宣傳活動、關注 - We have planned an exciting publicity campaign with our advertisers. - Haven't you heard the saying "All publicity is good publicity"?

Question 462

satirize

Answer 462

v. /ˈsætəraɪz/ to use satire to make people see someone’s or something’s faults satire : a way of criticizing something such as a group of people or a system, in which you deliberately make them seem funny so that people will see their faults - a play satirizing the fashion industry - It was satirical, or at least it was meant to be.

Question 463

rural

Answer 463

adj. 農村的、鄉村的 - It wasn't only poking fun at Sally but the whole idea that our school is sort of rural, and, you know, not cosmopolitan.

Question 464

cosmopolitan

Answer 464

adj. 國際大都會的 /ˌkɑːz.məˈpɑː.lɪ.t̬ən/ | - New York is a highly cosmopolitan city.

Question 465

roll with it

Answer 465

順其自然 | - Well, sometimes it's best just to roll with it.

Question 466

chiefdom

Answer 466

n. 酋長國 /ˈtʃiːfdəm/ | - There are four levels in total: bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states.

Question 467

band

Answer 467

n. 一群人 - There are four levels in total: bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states. - The former president still has a small band of supporters.

Question 468

forage

Answer 468

v. 1. to search widely for food - The children had been living on the streets, foraging for scraps. - They usually hunt, gather, and forage whatever foods are available to them, instead of domesticating animals and planting crops. 2. to search for something with your hands in a bag, drawer etc - She foraged around in her purse and produced her ticket. n. food supplies for horses and cattle - forage crops

Question 469

peasant

Answer 469

n. (舊時的, 貧窮的)農夫 - The peasants specialized in livestock husbandry and dairy farming as well as in cultivating industrial crops and fodder crops.

Question 470

husbandry

Answer 470

n. 種植，養殖 /ˈhʌzbəndri/ - animal husbandry - The peasants specialized in livestock husbandry and dairy farming as well as in cultivating industrial crops and fodder crops.

Question 471

fodder

Answer 471

n. 飼料 /ˈfɑːdər/ - All the left-over crops are chopped up and used as cattle fodder. - The one in the foreground is carrying salt out of the desert, while the one in the background is carrying fodder for the animals heading back in. - The peasants specialized in livestock husbandry and dairy farming as well as in cultivating industrial crops and fodder crops.

Question 472

hops

Answer 472

n. 啤酒花

Question 473

horticulture

Answer 473

n. 園藝 | - This changed in the early part of the seventeenth century when horticulture became accepted as an agricultural sector.

Question 474

hectare

Answer 474

n. 公頃

Question 475

overtake

Answer 475

v. 1. to go past a moving vehicle or person ahead of you because you are going faster than they are - Always check your rear view mirror before you overtake (another car). 2. to go past something by being a greater amount or degree - However, toward the end of the seventeenth century, they too were overtaken by the general agricultural crisis. - It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.

Question 476

in line with

Answer 476

similar to or at the same level of something | - We're seeking a pay rise that's in line with inflation.

Question 477

in line with

Answer 477

similar to or at the same level of something - We're seeking a pay rise that's in line with inflation.

Question 478

apart from

Answer 478

1. except for, not considering 除了；不考慮，不算；此外 - Apart from the salary/Salary, it's not a bad job. 2. as well as - Apart from his earnings as a football coach, he also owns and runs a chain of sports shops.

Question 479

choir

Answer 479

n. 合唱團 /ˈkwaɪ.ɚ/ | - I don't play any instruments, but I sing in the university choir.

Question 480

heyday

Answer 480

n. 全盛時期 | - In their heyday, they sold as many records as all the other groups in the country put together.

Question 481

conservatory

Answer 481

n. /kənˈsɝː.və.tɔːr.i/ 1. a room (or sometimes a building) with glass walls and a glass roof. Conservatories are used for sitting in to enjoy the sun, and to protect plants from cold weather. - The Garfield Park Conservatory is one of the largest and most stunning conservatories in the nation. 2. a school or college at which people are trained in music and theatre - musical conservatory - She originally studied to be a classical pianist, but jazz was in its heyday back then, and when she got out of the conservatory, she was invited to join a jazz orchestra, and the opportunity was just too good to turn down.

Question 482

speculative

Answer 482

adj. 推測的、推斷的 | - The article was dismissed as highly speculative.

Question 483

informant

Answer 483

n. 線人、提供消息的人 | - Our survey is based on information from over 200 informants.

Question 484

antiquity

Answer 484

n. 古代 - Although the remarkable antiquity of Australia`s rock art is now established, the sequences and meanings of its images have been widely debated. - Before creating this sculpture, she studied all the masterpieces of classical antiquity.

Question 485

underlie

Answer 485

v. underlie something to be the basis ( important ) or cause of something - These ideas underlie much of his work. - It is a principle that underlies all the party's policies. adj. underlying underlying cause/principle/problem: the cause, idea etc that is the most important, although it is not easily noticed - the underlying causes of her depression - There is an underlying assumption that younger workers are easier to train.

Question 486

indigenous

Answer 486

adj. 當地的、本土的 - So who are the indigenous people of this land? - This was described by Darwin for indigenous New Zealand species of animals and plants, which died out when competing species from Europe were introduced.

Question 487

motif

Answer 487

n. 圖樣；中心思想 /moʊˈtiːf/ - We chose some curtains with a flower motif. - The motif of betrayal is crucial in all these stories.

Question 488

varnish

Answer 488

v. 上亮光漆 - They decided to spend the weekend varnishing their boat. - For a long time, people thought the varnish used to coat and protect the violins was special.

Question 489

glaze

Answer 489

v. 上釉料、使光亮 | - Glaze the pastry with beaten egg.

Question 490

meerkat

Answer 490

n. 狐蒙 /ˈmɪr.kæt/ | - The meerkat dwells in burrows in grassland areas of Africa.

Question 491

vocalization

Answer 491

n. 發聲 | Vocalization is used for other reasons.

Question 492

hatchling

Answer 492

n. (從蛋孵出的)幼獸: bird, fish, sea turtle, snake | - Hatchlings are really vulnerable.

Question 493

arguably

Answer 493

adv. it can be argued—used to say that a statement is very possibly true even if it is not certainly true 大概、可能 - Senna was arguably the greatest racing driver of all time. - Although automobiles and airplanes would further reduce travel times in the next century, the impact of the railroad was arguably more profound.

Question 494

aerial

Answer 494

adj. 1. from a plane - aerial attack - an aerial photograph - Even today aerial photographs of Mesopotamia clearly show the massive remnants of ancient irrigation systems. 2. in or moving through the air - When the two bees hit the ground, they separated, faced off, and performed another aerial display.

Question 495

aqueduct

Answer 495

n. /ˈækwədʌkt/ 高架渠，用來用送山谷間的水，羅馬帝國 - When archeologists first looked around the emperor's state, they found an aqueduct designed to carry water to the villa.

Question 496

artifact

Answer 496

n. an object that is made by a person, especially something of historical or cultural interest - ancient Egyptian artifacts - Archeologists found ceramic artifacts from Lamanai's late postclassic period on an island to prove that trade was still going on.

Question 497

artery

Answer 497

n. 1. 動脈 2. a main road, railway line, river etc - The routes were to become great arteries of trade between Africa and the Mediterranean world.

Question 498

backdrop

Answer 498

n. the conditions or situation in which something happens (事件的)背景 against a backdrop of sth - a love story set against a backdrop of war and despair - The fall in real wages took place against a backdrop that has come to be called the Price Revolution.

Question 499

calendrical

Answer 499

adj. 曆法的 | - Agriculture encourages the development of writing and calendrical systems so that records can be kept.

Question 500

chariot

Answer 500

n. /ˈtʃer.i.ət/ | (戰爭用的)雙輪馬車

Question 501

stagecoach

Answer 501

n. 驛馬車、公共馬車

Question 502

chronicle

Answer 502

n. 編年史 | - a chronicle of the American Civil War

Question 503

citadel

Answer 503

n. /ˈsɪtədəl/ 堡壘=fortress=stronghold=fort - We visited a medieval citadel in Italy.

Question 504

city-states

Answer 504

n. 城邦 | - the city-states of ancient Greece

Question 505

common denominator

Answer 505

共通性 | - The most obvious common denominator of ancient complex societies was extensive irrigation systems.

Question 506

craftsmanship

Answer 506

n. 手藝、技藝 | - Towie ball is a pertrosphere that shows exquisite craftsmanship.

Question 507

crisscrossed

Answer 507

adj. 縱橫交錯的 | - crisscrossed river channels

Question 508

cyclone

Answer 508

n. 氣旋 | hurricane, typhoon, cyclone都是storm的一種，只是發生在不同地方

Question 509

demise

Answer 509

n. 1. the end of something that used to exist - There are several theories about what the demise of the dinosaurs. - The best known of the five major extinction events, the one that saw the demise of the dinosaurs, is the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. - the imminent demise (=happening soon) of the local newspaper 2. death the mystery surrounding Elena’s untimely demise (=when death happens sooner than is normal or expected)

Question 510

imminent

Answer 510

adj. an unpleasant event will happen very soon | - an imminent danger/threat/death/disaster

Question 511

despot

Answer 511

n. 專制的 /ˈdespɒt, -ət/ - tyrannical despot - Some simple societies have been observed operating extensive irrigation works with no despotic administrative systems.

Question 512

dike

Answer 512

n. 堤防 =levee built to control water and especially to protect an area from flooding - At the city of Coba the Maya built dikes around a lake in order to raise its level and make their water supply more reliable.

Question 513

faction

Answer 513

n. 派系, 小圈圈 | - Struggles between different factions with the party.

Question 514

scavenge

Answer 514

v. (廢棄物中)覓食, 撿破爛；(動物)食腐 /ˈskævəndʒ/ - rats scavenging for food - But it's still not your turn because first the hyenas and jackals - and you don't dare interfere with them - scavenge the leftovers.

Question 515

flint stone

Answer 515

打火石

Question 516

furnace

Answer 516

n. 熔爐 | - People who work with furnaces in a steel factory need to wear protective clothing.

Question 517

kiln

Answer 517

n. 窯 - Most mammals emerge from the womb like glazed earthenware emerging from a kiln - any attempt at remoulding will only scratch or break them.

Question 518

hamlet

Answer 518

n. /ˈhæmlət/ a small village - In addition to its capital, a city-state might govern a number of smaller centers as well as numerous farming villages and hamlets.

Question 519

hitherto

Answer 519

adv. /ˌhɪð.ɚˈtuː/ until now; before this time - The biography reveals some hitherto (=formerly, previously) unknown facts about his early life. - About 450,000 years ago, they somehow crossed the open sea and landed in Australia - a continent hitherto untouched by humans.

Question 520

imperial

Answer 520

adj. 帝國的 n. empire - the Roman imperial age - imperial villas - Eventually imperial systems emerged in which a single ruler controlled a large region of many cities and towns.

Question 521

implicate

Answer 521

v. 1. to show that someone is involved in a crime or partly responsible for something bad that has happened - Three police officers are implicated in the cover-up. 2. if something is implicated in something bad or harmful, it is shown to be its cause - The new theory instead implicates changes in ocean chemistry.

Question 522

implement

Answer 522

n. 工具 | - farming implement

Question 523

inscribe

Answer 523

v. 刻, 雕 =carve, engrave | - The winner's name is inscribed on the trophy.

Question 524

inscription

Answer 524

n. 提辭, 銘文 | - the inscription on a stone monument

Question 525

intrinsic

Answer 525

adj. /ɪnˈtrɪnzɪk/ belonging to or part of the real nature of something/somebody - Maths is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum. - Small local shops are intrinsic to the town's character.

Question 526

isotope

Answer 526

n. 同位素 the same number of protons but different number of neutrons - radiocarbon dating use a radioactive isotope carbon ( C-12, C-14 ) to date fossil.

Question 527

egalitarian

Answer 527

n. 平等主義 /ɪˌɡæləˈteəriən/ a person who believes that everyone is equal and should have the same rights and opportunities - an egalitarian society - The party's principles are basically egalitarian.

Question 528

kin

Answer 528

n. a person's relatives | - kith and kin 親朋好友

Question 529

lucrative

Answer 529

adj. profitable - a lucrative business/market/contract - A wide selection of top shelf, Made In Crete goods made for lucrative trading along well-traveled shipping lanes; this also allowed them to import luxury items like ivory and precious metals which they fashioned into fine jewelry.

Question 530

textile

Answer 530

n. 紡織物 | - the textile industry

Question 531

monumental

Answer 531

adj. 1. very large or extreme; - It's more than a mistake; it's a case of monumental stupidity. - a monumental waste of time 2. always used before a noun : of or relating to a monument 紀念碑的 - a monumental architecture.

Question 532

parish

Answer 532

n. 教區 /ˈpærɪʃ/ - When we left that, our first parish, I remember a man saying to me, "I have three daughters, and my three daughters now know that they can do anything in the world because they had a woman who was a pastor."

Question 533

pit

Answer 533

n. 坑洞 | - They'd dug a shallow pit and left the bodies in it.

Question 534

pasture

Answer 534

n. 牧場 /ˈpɑːstʃə / | - large areas of rough upland pasture

Question 535

patron deity/god

Answer 535

守護神

Question 536

precipitate

Answer 536

v. /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/ 1. ​to make something serious happen suddenly or more quickly than was expected - His death precipitated a family crisis. 2. ​precipitate somebody/something into something: to suddenly force somebody/something into a particular state or condition - The drug treatment precipitated him into a depression. 3. If a liquid precipitates, substances in it become solid and separate from the liquid. - Cooling the beaker helps precipitate the compound. - If any organic salt is formed, it will precipitate (out) immediately.

Question 537

reap

Answer 537

v. 收割 - Those who sow with tears will reap with songs of joy. - reap the benefit/reward/profit (of something)

Question 538

rubble

Answer 538

n. broken stones or bricks from a building or wall that has been destroyed - Monuments, schools, libraries, historical sites all reduced to rubble and ash.

Question 539

wreck

Answer 539

n. 嚴重毀損的交通工具殘骸 | - He was still alive when they pulled him from the wreck.

Question 540

ritual

Answer 540

n. 儀式 | - ancient pagan rituals

Question 541

seafaring

Answer 541

adj. 航海的 | - a seafaring people

Question 542

skim

Answer 542

to remove something from the surface of a liquid, especially floating fat, solids, or oil - After simmering the meat, skim the fat from the surface.

Question 543

smelt

Answer 543

v. to heat and melt ore (= rock that contains metal) in order to obtain the metal it contains - a method of smelting iron

Question 544

stonemason

Answer 544

n. 石匠

Question 545

smith

Answer 545

n. 鐵匠

Question 546

stranglehold

Answer 546

n. complete control - The state has a stranglehold on the city's finances.

Question 547

surplus

Answer 547

n. 剩餘、過剩；盈餘 - A black market in labor developed to take advantage of the surplus population. - Fortunately the company's bank account is currently in surplus.

Question 548

surveyor

Answer 548

n. (土地)量測員 | - At the age of eighteen, William Smith was apprenticed to a surveyor of the local parish.

Question 549

sway

Answer 549

n. 1. to move slowly from one side to another - The trees swayed gently in the breeze. 2. to influence someone so that they change their opinion - She was now completely under his sway. - Don’t allow yourself to be swayed by his promises.

Question 550

ethnic

Answer 550

adj. 民族的 - ethnic diversity - an ethnic minority

Question 551

thrive

Answer 551

v. 茁壯成長；興盛 | - The region thrived(=prospered) under his rule.

Question 552

till

Answer 552

v. 耕(土地) | - till the soil/land/fields

Question 553

tyrant

Answer 553

n. 暴君 /ˈtaɪərənt/ | - The country was ruled by a corrupt tyrant for decades

Question 554

tyranny

Answer 554

n. 暴政 /ˈtɪrəni/ | - the fight against tyranny

Question 555

usher in

Answer 555

to cause something new to start, or to be at the start of something new - The discovery of oil ushered in an era of employment and prosperity. - These changes could usher in a period of dramatic economic growth.

Question 556

wreak havoc

Answer 556

n. 重大的災害 - wreak havoc/mayhem/destruction ( on sth ) - The recent storms have wreaked havoc on crops. - This enabled the ecosystem to develop checks and balances that prevent lions and sharks from wreaking too much havoc.

Question 557

ambush

Answer 557

v. 埋伏 | - He was ambushed by gunman on his way to work.

Question 558

raid

Answer 558

n. surprise attack 突襲 | - They launched/mounted a raid against the enemy.

Question 559

bypass

Answer 559

v. 避開；繞過 | - a triple heart bypass operation

Question 560

calf

Answer 560

n. (大型動物的)幼崽:小象,小鯨,小牛 | 小腿

Question 561

cub

Answer 561

n. a young animal that eats meat ( carnivore ) | a bear/fox/lion cub

Question 562

caste

Answer 562

n. one of the fixed social classes, which cannot be changed, into which people are born in India - the caste system

Question 563

cellulose

Answer 563

n. 纖維素，a substance that is the main part of the cell walls of plants.

Question 564

brood

Answer 564

n. 一窩雛鳥 | - Birds spend a lot of energy looking for food to sustain their brood.

Question 565

canary in the coal mine

Answer 565

危險指標 /kəˈneəri/ - Wildlife in disaster movies assumes the role of the canary of the coal mine, fleeing the scene when catastrophe is imminent.

Question 566

disentangle

Answer 566

v. /ˌdɪsɪnˈtæŋɡl/ 1. to separate different arguments, ideas, etc. that have become confused - It’s very difficult to disentangle fact from fiction in what she’s saying. 2. disentangle oneself from sb./sth.: to escape from a difficult situation that you are involved in - She had just disentangled herself from a long relationship.

Question 567

fauna

Answer 567

n. (在一個地區的,一個時期的)動物群 | - Ancient climates can often be reconstructed from floral and fauna remains.

Question 568

flora

Answer 568

n. 植物

Question 569

onset

Answer 569

n. the beginning of something - the onset of winter - The simple adaptation ensures that germination occurs following the winter conditions rather than immediately prior to their onset.

Question 570

physiology

Answer 570

n. 生理 the ways that living things or any of their parts function human physiology

Question 571

spike

Answer 571

n. a sudden, rapid increase in something - a spike in interest rates - spike heels 很高的高跟鞋

Question 572

alpine

Answer 572

adj. 高山的

Question 573

longevity

Answer 573

n. 長壽 | - The members of that family are famous for their longevity.

Question 574

gestation

Answer 574

n. 懷孕(期) | - The period of gestation of rats is 21 days.

Question 575

nestling

Answer 575

n. 雛鳥=chicks, offspring, hatchlings

Question 576

predation

Answer 576

n. 掠食、捕食 | - For local cattle ranchers, predation by mountain lions is a problem.

Question 577

next to nothing

Answer 577

almost nothing, very small | - He knows next to nothing about antiques.

Question 578

scale

Answer 578

n. 程度；鱗片

Question 579

scrub

Answer 579

n. 灌木叢 | - In some villages, land was taken from scrublands that were used for animal forage and domestic fuel.

Question 580

ruminant

Answer 580

n. (牛, 羊)反芻

Question 581

unfavorable

Answer 581

adj. 1. unfavourable conditions, situations etc are not good - unfavorable environment/period/conditions/weather 2. if someone’s reaction or attitude to something is unfavourable, they do not like it - unfavourable reviews - Careless spelling mistakes in a letter can create an unfavourable impression.

Question 582

window

Answer 582

n. 時機 - If a window of opportunity should present itself, I'd take advantage of it. - Amphibians can complete the life cycle during the brief window of favorable conditions.

Question 583

amphibian

Answer 583

n. 兩棲動物，像是青蛙

Question 584

surmise

Answer 584

v. /sərˈmaɪz/ to guess or suppose something using the evidence you have, without definitely knowing surmise that - Kramer surmised, therefore, that they were orienting according to the position of the Sun. - From the looks on their faces, I surmised that they had had an argument. - For instance, many scholars surmise that the Hindu caste system took shape when Indo-Aryan people invaded the Indian subcontinent about 3,000 years ago, subjugating the local population.

Question 585

preposterous

Answer 585

adj. completely unreasonable or silly - The whole idea sounds absolutely preposterous! - At the time, this idea seemed preposterous. How could a bird navigate by the Sun when some of us lose our way with road maps?

Question 586

overcast

Answer 586

adj. covered with clouds; not bright - an overcast sky/day - Today it will be dull and overcast. - On overcast days, however, the birds were disoriented and had trouble locating their food box.

Question 587

detour

Answer 587

/ˈdiːtɔː(r)/ n. a longer route that you take in order to avoid a problem or to visit a place - We had to make a detour around the flooded fields. - Today, we are taking a little detour from the grand styles of public architecture we've been studying to look at residential architectures in the United States.

Question 588

peninsula

Answer 588

n. an area of land that is almost surrounded by water but is joined to a larger piece of land - I went to the lower peninsula of Michigan to meet my boyfriend there. - For those of you who don't know the northeast coastal region, Cape Cod is a peninsula, a narrow strip of land that jets out into the Atlantic.

Question 589

conform

Answer 589

v. to behave and think in the same way as most other people in a group or society - There is considerable pressure on teenagers to _____. - He worries about people doing things in "railroad fashion"..._____(ing) to the train's timetable, letting their lives be governed by this mechanical device that's making its way into the fabric of society. n. conformity behavior or actions that follow the accepted rules of society - Governments often invoke patriotism to enforce _____. - So all these help to create an attitude of _____ in the community, and you can see why a modest, a very plain style would become so widely imitated through out rural New England.

Question 590

drown out

Answer 590

(噪音)蓋過 - I read somewhere that they used music to drown out the sound of the film projectors. - The voice of my mother talking on the phone drowned out the voice in the listening test.

Question 591

organ

Answer 591

n. 管風琴 - Actually, even before that- organs could mimic a number of instruments and also do some sound effects, so they were starting to replace live orchestras in some movie theaters.

Question 592

be cut out of sth

Answer 592

天生適合 - Are you sure you’re really cut out to be a teacher? - so, if you could get it, studio musician was a good job- if you were cut out for it.

Question 593

radical

Answer 593

adj. 1. a radical change or difference is very big and important 2. radical ideas are very new and different, and are against what most people think or believe - a radical change/difference/rethink - I was shocked by her radical views. - So, as a way of repairing some of that damage, a group of conservation biologists has proposed an ambitious, or some might say, a radical plan, involving large vertebrates, or , megafauna.

Question 594

vertebrate

Answer 594

n. 脊椎動物 - Birds, fish, and reptiles are all vertebrates. - So, as a way of repairing some of that damage, a group of conservation biologists has proposed an ambitious, or some might say, a radical plan, involving large vertebrates, or , megafauna.

Question 595

fauna

Answer 595

n. （某一地區的）動物群 | - While she was in Hawaii, she studied the local flora and fauna.

Question 596

presume

Answer 596

v. to suppose that something is true, although you do not have actual proof - When the American cheetahs disappeared, their influence on the evolution of pronghorn and presumably on other prey animals stopped.

Question 597

herbivore

Answer 597

n. 草食動物 /ˈhɝː.bə.vɔːr/ - Cows and sheep are herbivores. - In the distant past, large herbivores like mastodons dispersed Maclura seeds, each the size of an orange in their droppings.

Question 598

prairie

Answer 598

n. (加拿大或美國)大草原 /ˈprer.i/ - Also, animal species that went extinct 11,000 years ago, uh, some are quite different genetically from their modern-day counterparts, like elephants don’t have thick coasts like their mastodon ancestors do when they graze the prairies of the America West during the Ice Age.

Question 599

asphalt

Answer 599

n. 柏油 /ˈæsfɔːlt/

Question 600

conspicuous

Answer 600

adj. easy to see or notice; likely to attract attention - In China, her blonde hair was conspicuous. - In that case, the parent will put on the most conspicuous distraction displays just before the babies hatch. - Kettlewell hypothesized that the normal pale forms are difficult to see when resting on lichen-covered trees, whereas dark forms are conspicuous.

Question 601

inhibit

Answer 601

v. to prevent something from happening or make it happen more slowly or less frequently than normal - These metabolites can have an effect on the organisms living in the seawater, either inhibiting or promoting their growth. - A lack of oxygen may inhibit brain development in the unborn child. - Alcohol significantly inhibits the action of the drug. - This drug inhibits the growth of tumours.

Question 602

complex

Answer 602

n. 1. a group of buildings, or a large building with many parts, used for a particular purpose - The town has one of the best leisure complexes in the country. - It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. 2. a complex of something: a large number of things which are closely related - China was a complex of different societies. - a complex of welfare programs 3. an emotional problem in which someone is unnecessarily anxious about something or thinks too much about something - I used to have a complex about my looks.

Question 603

quarry

Answer 603

v. to dig stone or sand from a quarry ( a place where large amounts of stone or sand are dug out of the ground ) - And the master had to arrange for marble to be quarried, things like that. - The rock here is quarried for building stones.

Question 604

to and fro

Answer 604

backwards and forwards - She rocked the baby to and fro. - There we see a real division of labor, what with carpenters, masons, unskilled labor just to carry materials to and fro, and so on.

Question 605

chronological

Answer 605

adj. /ˌkrɑːnəˈlɑːdʒɪkl/ (of a number of events) arranged in the order in which they happened - But yeah, if you're gonna do a chronological study of the universe, the creation of time, is probably a pretty good space to start the story.

Question 606

swear in

Answer 606

[often passive] to formally introduce a new public official or leader at a special ceremony at which they promise to perform their duties well and show strong support for the organization or country - In 2001, George W Bush had just been sworn in as president.

Question 607

staggering

Answer 607

adj. = astounding /ˈstæɡərɪŋ/ - The inflation theory has been well backed up by mathematics for a long time now, but it has recently received some staggering new support from the BICEP project at the South Pole.

Question 608

nuclei

Answer 608

n. pl. of nucleus /ˈnuːkliaɪ/ | - After just three minutes, the universe was cool enough that the nuclei of atoms started forming.

Question 609

uber

Answer 609

adj. of the greatest or best kind; to a very large degree - The universe remained like an uber-hot sea dominated by radiation.

Question 610

amiss

Answer 610

adj. (not before noun)wrong; not as it should be - This is clearly not the case, so something must be amiss. - She sensed something was amiss and called the police.

Question 611

antenna

Answer 611

n. (昆蟲)觸角；天線 /ænˈtenə/ - There were trying to eliminate all the background noise from an extremely sensitive radio antenna, but they found this faint hum coming from every direction.

Question 612

endeavor

Answer 612

n. /ɪnˈdevər/ an attempt to do something, especially something new or difficult - But as in any historical endeavor, discoveries will alter the story in future years, so expect the big histories of ten or twenty years from now to look very different from today. - Please make every endeavor to arrive on time. - Their artistic endeavors have been preserved in paintings of wild animals, cattle, goats, humans, and scenes of daily life that extend back perhaps to 5000 B.C.

Question 613

annihilate

Answer 613

v. /əˈnaɪəleɪt/ to destroy something or someone completely - All of the anti-matter created in the big bang had combined with matter and annihilated itself, leaving only one billionth of the matter created in the big bang, and that billionth is everything.

Question 614

extravagance

Answer 614

n. the act or practice of spending a lot of money: wasteful or careless spending - Where children were buried with exceptional extravagance, we can be pretty sure that emerging hierarchies were hereditary, so parents could pass their status on to their children.

Question 615

evacuate

Answer 615

v. to remove from a dangerous place - Langdon wondered if all of the art could possibly be evacuated if necessary. - During the war he was evacuated to Scotland.

Question 616

synthesis

Answer 616

n. the act of combining separate ideas, beliefs, styles, etc.; a mixture or combination of ideas, beliefs, styles, etc. - the synthesis of art with everyday life - a synthesis of traditional and modern values

Question 617

primarily

Answer 617

adv. /praɪˈmerəli/ mainly, chiefly - a course designed primarily for specialists

Question 618

contact

Answer 618

n. a person that you know, especially somebody who can be helpful to you in your work - social/personal contacts

Question 619

swamp

Answer 619

v. to suddenly give someone a lot of work, problems etc to deal with - You mean, rewrite the whole thing? I'm really swamped; there’s deadlines wherever I turn, and … and I don’t really know how much time I could give it. - We’ve been swamped with phone calls since the advert appeared.

Question 620

It’s your call.

Answer 620

It depends on you.

Question 621

tangential

Answer 621

adj. /tænˈdʒenʃl/ tangential information or remarks are only related to a particular subject in an indirect/slight way - The matter you raise is rather tangential to this discussion.

Question 622

communal

Answer 622

adj. /kəˈmjuːnl/ n. commune shared by, or for the use of, a number of people, especially people who live together - a communal kitchen/garden - Perhaps the Cambridge band was communal while the one at Oxford was based on nuclear families. - Though ancient hunter-gatherer societies tended to e more communal and egalitarian than modern societies, these researchers argue, they were nevertheless comprised of separate cells, each containing a jealous couple and the children they held in common. - In the Mesa Verde area of the ancient North American Southwest, living patterns changed in the thirteenth century, with large numbers of people moving into large communal dwellings called pueblos, often constructed at the edges of canyons, especially on the sides of cliffs.

Question 623

traumatic

Answer 623

adj. extremely unpleasant and causing you to feel upset and/or anxious - Divorce can be traumatic for everyone involved. - Abandoning small extended-family households to move into these large pueblos with dozens if not hundreds of other people was probably traumatic.

Question 624

deliberate

Answer 624

adj. intended or planned - a deliberate attempt to humiliate her v. to think about something very carefully - There was silence while she deliberated on his words.

Question 625

household

Answer 625

n. all the people who live together in one house - Most households now own at least one car. - Few of the cultural traditions and rules that today allow us to deal with dense populations existed for these people accustomed to household autonomy and the ability to move around the landscape almost at will.

Question 626

autonomy

Answer 626

n. /ɔːˈtɒnəmi/ (independence) the ability or opportunity to make your own decisions without being controlled by anyone else - Teachers are given considerable individual autonomy. - Few of the cultural traditions and rules that today allow us to deal with dense populations existed for these people accustomed to household autonomy and the ability to move around the landscape almost at will.

Question 627

haul

Answer 627

v. /hɔːl/ to pull something heavy with a continuous steady movement - the steam locomotive which hauled the train - For people in cliff dwellings, hauling water, wood, and food to their homes was a major chore. - Uh, like, you might get just a little bit tired out after the first few thousand kilometers or so- uh, especially with all the oxygen tanks you'd have to be hauling up with you!

Question 628

culminate

Answer 628

v. to end with a particular result, or at a particular point - Months of hard work culminated in success. - As densities increased, domestic architecture became larger, culminating in crowded pueblos. - a gun battle which culminated in the death of two police officers

Question 629

arable

Answer 629

adj. /ˈærəbl/ connected with growing crops such as wheat - arable land (=land that is suitable for growing crops) - Some scholars expand on this idea by emphasizing a corresponding need for arable land to feed growing numbers of people: construction of small dams, reservoirs, terraces, and field houses indicates that farmers were intensifying their efforts during the 1200s.

Question 630

infringe

Answer 630

v. to do something that is against a law or someone’s legal rights - A backup copy of a computer program does not infringe copyright. - As the Little Ice Age progressed, farmers probably moved their fields to lower elevations, infringing on the lands of other farmers and pushing people together, thus contributing to the aggregations. - But this proliferation of castes did not change the basic principle of the system, and any infringement of its rules pollutes the person and society as a whole.

Question 631

patchy

Answer 631

adj. happening or existing in some areas but not in others ( syn: uneven ) - The grass was dry and patchy. - Scholars believe that this cooperation allowed people to contend with a patchy environment in which precipitation and other resources varied across the landscape: if you produce a lot of food one year, you might trade it for pottery made by a distant ally who is having difficulty with crops-and the next year, the flow of goods might go in the opposite direction.

Question 632

precipitation

Answer 632

n. rain, snow, etc. that falls; the amount of this that falls - an increase in annual precipitation - Scholars believe that this cooperation allowed people to contend with a patchy environment in which precipitation and other resources varied across the landscape: if you produce a lot of food one year, you might trade it for pottery made by a distant ally who is having difficulty with crops-and the next year, the flow of goods might go in the opposite direction.

Question 633

contend

Answer 633

v. 1. contend that… (formal) to say that something is true, especially in an argument - Jack's father refuses and contends that Jack's ashes will be interred in a family plot. 2. contend for: to compete against someone in order to gain something - Three armed groups are contending for power. 3. contend with to have to deal with something difficult or unpleasant ( syn: cope with ) - The rescue team also had bad weather conditions to contend with. - Scholars believe that this cooperation allowed people to contend with a patchy environment in which precipitation and other resources varied across the landscape: if you produce a lot of food one year, you might trade it for pottery made by a distant ally who is having difficulty with crops-and the next year, the flow of goods might go in the opposite direction.

Question 634

sensible

Answer 634

adj. (of people and their behaviour) able to make good judgements based on reason and experience rather than emotion; practical - I think the sensible thing would be to take a taxi home. - Instead, the most sensible thing would be for neighbors to combine efforts to produce as much food as possible, and thus aggregated towns were a sensible arrangement.

Question 635

ambient

Answer 635

adj. relating to the surrounding area; on all sides - ambient temperature/light/conditions - Amphibians are therefore hardly at the mercy of ambient temperatures, since by means of the mechanisms described above they are more than able to exercise some control over their body temperature.

Question 636

besides

Answer 636

=moreover, (in speaking)used when adding another reason - What other sports do you play besides hockey? - I need the money. And besides, when I agree to do something, I do it.

Question 637

diaphragm

Answer 637

n. /ˈdaɪəfræm/ | 橫膈膜

Question 638

subconscious

Answer 638

adj. connected with feelings that influence your behavior even though you are not aware of them - subconscious desires - It subconsciously adjusts breathing rate and depth in order to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide CO2 and oxygen O2, and the acid-base ratio in the blood.

Question 639

exclusive

Answer 639

adj. only to be used by one particular person or group; only given to one particular person or group - The hotel has exclusive access to the beach. - exclusive rights to televise the World Cup

Question 640

cessation

Answer 640

n. /seˈseɪʃn/ the stopping of something; a break in something - a cessation of hostilities (=when the fighting stops in a war) - Two things result from these changes in breathing control that occur during sleep. First, there may be a brief cessation or reduction of breathing when falling asleep as the sleeper waxes and wanes between sleep and wakefulness and their differing control mechanisms.

Question 641

wax and wane

Answer 641

to increase and decrease over time - First, there may be a brief cessation or reduction of breathing when falling asleep as the sleeper waxes and wanes between sleep and wakefulness and their differing control mechanisms.

Question 642

congestion

Answer 642

n. the state of being crowded and full of traffic - traffic congestion and pollution - If something blocks the "good" side, such as congestion from allergies or a cold, then resistance increases dramatically.

Question 643

irritant

Answer 643

n. a substance that makes part of your body painful and sore | - a skin irritant

Question 644

refute

Answer 644

v. to prove that a statement or idea is not correct ( syn: rubut ) - an attempt to refute Darwin’s theories - To refute the argument that additional effort is necessary for breathing during sleep

Question 645

considerable

Answer 645

adj. great in amount, size, importance ( syn: significant ) - Damage to the building was considerable. - Only after several inadequate breaths under such conditions, resulting in the considerable elevation of carbon dioxide and reduction of oxygen in the blood, is breathing effort adjusted. - The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money. - its effects were described by Darwin in considerable detail.

Question 646

word gets around

Answer 646

When word gets around, news spreads fast within a group of people - You'd be surprised how word gets around about photography in places like that.

Question 647

at stake

Answer 647

if something that you value very much is at stake, you will lose it if a plan or action is not successful - The only thing at stake is your grade. But, work created outside of the classroom?

Question 648

touch base

Answer 648

to make contact with somebody again - Hi, Steve, I scheduled this appointment ‘cause it’s been a while since we touched base.

Question 649

byline

Answer 649

n. a line at the beginning or end of a piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine that gives the writer’s name - When I saw my name, I mean, my byline in print, I was hooked.

Question 650

knack

Answer 650

n. a special skill or ability that you have naturally or can learn - Sound like you’ve got a real knack for this. - He's got a real knack for making money.

Question 651

supreme court

Answer 651

n. the highest court in a country or state

Question 652

elective

Answer 652

adj. (of a course or subject) that a student can choose - And, as electives, you could take some Pre-Law classes like constitutional Law, and as for you work on the student newspaper paper, maybe they let you cover some local court cases once that the student and professor here would want to read about.

Question 653

in full gear

Answer 653

At the highest or maximum level of function, operation, or performance. - Emm, I guess the reasoning is that by October 1st, the semester is in full gear. - The project is in full gear now that we have Sally on board.

Question 654

recall

Answer 654

v. 1. REMEMBER SOMETHING [intransitive, transitive not in progressive] to remember a particular fact, event, or situation from the past - I don’t recall seeing any cars parked outside. 2. PERSON [transitive] to officially tell someone to come back to a place or group - The Ambassador was recalled from Washington. 3. PRODUCT [transitive] if a company recalls one of its products, it asks people who have bought it to return it because there may be something wrong with it - The cars had to be recalled due to an engine fault. - Oh, I see, the book has been recalled.

Question 655

suspend

Answer 655

v. 1. STOP to officially stop something from continuing, especially for a short time - Sales of the drug will be suspended until more tests are completed. - In fact, every semester we get a few students who have their borrowing privileges suspended completely because they haven't returned books. 2. HANG to attach something to a high place so that it hangs down - A large light was suspended from the ceiling.

Question 656

minuscule

Answer 656

extremely small ( SYN: minute ) - a minuscule amount of food - Her office is minuscule.Her office is minuscule.

Question 657

will always be

Answer 657

forever - You’ll always be in my heart. ( = You will remain in my heart forever. ) - I mean with the four-year degree in food science, I'll always be able to find a job.

Question 658

luck out

Answer 658

to be lucky ( 小心連音 ) - Yeah, we really lucked out and got a parking space right in front. - I guess I luck out then.

Question 659

preliminary

Answer 659

adj. happening before a more important action or event ( SYN: initial ) - After a few preliminary remarks he announced the winners. - preliminary results/findings/enquiries - Absolutely! Maybe you should do some preliminary research on that.

Question 660

catch on

Answer 660

1. to become aware: to - It was a long time before the police caught on to what he was really doing. 2. to become popular - this idea has already caught on - That might be one reason that opaque bottles haven't really caught on.

Question 661

crude

Answer 661

adj. 1. (of oil and other natural substances) in its natural state, before it has been processed or refined - crude oil/metal 2. (of objects or works of art) simply made, not showing much skill or attention to detail - crude workmanship - We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill. 3. not exact or without any detail, but generally correct and useful ( approximate ) - a crude estimate of the population available for work - the crude mortality rate 4. offensive or rude, especially in a sexual way (SYN: vulgar) - crude jokes/language 5. expressed in a simple way ( in general ) - In crude terms, a heart attack is a plumbing problem in blood vessels around the heart.

Question 662

adequate

Answer 662

adj. /ˈædɪkwət/ enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need - They'll need an adequate supply of hot water. - The room was small but adequate.

Question 663

marked

Answer 663

adj. easy to see ( noticeable ) - a marked lack of enthusiasm - We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill.

Question 664

slab

Answer 664

n. a thick flat piece of stone, wood or other hard material - The road was paved with smooth stone slabs. - paving slabs - So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa.

Question 665

trappings

Answer 665

n. 1. outward signs; the possessions, clothes, etc. that are connected with a particular situation, job or social position - He enjoyed the trappings of power, such as a chauffeur-driven car and bodyguards. - the trappings of fame/power/success 2. outward decorations

Question 666

significance

Answer 666

1. the importance of something, especially when this has an effect on what happens in the future - The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease. - We should be fully aware of the significance of television in shaping our ideas. 2. the meaning of something - She couldn't grasp the full significance of what he had said. - Do these symbols have any particular significance?

Question 667

figurine

Answer 667

n. /ˌfɪɡjəˈriːn/ a small statue of a person or an animal - It has been suggested that these figurines were an ideal type or an expression of a desire for fertility.

Question 668

game

Answer 668

n. wild animals or birds that people hunt for sport or food - Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing. - Standing up, it's easier to scan the savannah for game or enemies, and arms that are unnecessary for locomotion are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signalling.

Question 669

edifice

Answer 669

n. /ˈedɪfɪs/ a building, especially a large one - Their head office was an imposing edifice. - It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. - Evidence of the forgotten city's reverence for the gods can be found in the multiple edifices that populate the city. For example, The Temple on the Hill and The Shrine of Holy Understanding are just two of the many houses of worship found in the ruins.

Question 670

pinpoint

Answer 670

v. 1. to find and show the exact position of somebody/something or the exact time that something happened - He was able to pinpoint on the map the site of the medieval village. 2. to be able to give the exact reason for something or to describe something exactly - With this you can pinpoint the precise location of the sound. - The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint.

Question 671

shrine

Answer 671

n. place where people come to worship because it is connected with a holy person or event - It is also probable that as early as 200 B.C.,Teotihuacán may have achieved some religious significance and its shrine (or shrines) may have served as an additional population magnet. - Evidence of the forgotten city's reverence for the gods can be found in the multiple edifices that populate the city. For example, The Temple on the Hill and The Shrine of Holy Understanding are just two of the many houses of worship found in the ruins.

Question 672

ingenuity

Answer 672

n. /ˌɪndʒəˈnuːəti/ skill at inventing things and thinking of new ideas - The problem tested the ingenuity of even the most imaginative students. - The human blitzkrieg across America testifies to the incomparable ingenuity and the unsurpassed adaptability of Homo sapiens. - Now… um, biographers who wrote about Irwin in the nineteenth century, I feel sorta downplayed the ingenuity of her design. - He uses poetic language, descriptive metaphors to inspire, to awe his readers, to communicate the fact that the railroad was a feat of human ingenuity.

Question 673

circumstantial

Answer 673

adj. 1. containing information and details that strongly suggest that something is true but do not prove it - circumstantial evidence/case - This last factor is at least circumstantially implicated in Teotihuacán's rise. - The case against him was largely circumstantial. - The evidence is circumstantial, but it's hard to imagine that Sapiens, just by coincidence, arrived in Australia at the precise point that all these animals were dropping dead of the chills. 2. including all the details - Their problems were circumstantial rather than personal. - The book includes a long and circumstantial account of Empson’s conversation with the Queen.

Question 674

coerce

Answer 674

v. /kəʊˈɜːrs/ to force somebody to do something by using threats - to force somebody to do something by using threats - The growing power of the elite, who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to Teotihuacán and serve as additions to the labor force.

Question 675

igneous

Answer 675

adj. /ˈɪɡniəs/ | igneous rocks are formed from lava (=hot liquid rock)

Question 676

granite

Answer 676

n. /ˈɡrænət/ 花崗岩 - granite is intrusive igneous rock

Question 677

schist

Answer 677

n. a type of rock that naturally breaks apart into thin flat pieces - schist is a metamorphic rock

Question 678

deluge

Answer 678

n. /ˈdeljuːdʒ/ 1. a large amount of something such as letters or questions that someone gets at the same time - Viewers sent a deluge of complaints about the show. 2. a large flood, or period when there is a lot of rain ( syn: flood ) - The little stream can become a deluge when it rain heavily.

Question 679

cascade

Answer 679

v. /kæˈskeɪd/ 1. a small steep waterfall that is one of several together 2. something that hangs down in large quantities - Her hair fell over her shoulders in a cascade of curls.

Question 680

corrode

Answer 680

v. /kəˈrəʊd/ 1 if metal corrodes, or if something corrodes it, it is slowly destroyed by the effect of water, chemicals etc - Acidic water will corrode the pipes. 2. to gradually make something weaker or destroy it completely - Corruption has corroded our confidence in the police force.

Question 681

engulf

Answer 681

v. /ɪnˈɡʌlf/ 1. if an unpleasant feeling engulfs you, you feel it very strongly - despair so great it threatened to engulf him 2. to completely surround or cover something - The building was engulfed in flames.

Question 682

granule

Answer 682

n. /ˈɡrænjuːl/ | = particle = grain

Question 683

gypsum

Answer 683

n. 石膏 a soft white substance that is used to make plaster of Paris - More esoteric texts attempt to explain old Babylonian customs, such as the procedure for curing someone who is ill, which included rubbing tar and gypsum on the sick person's door and drawing a design at the foot of the person's bed.

Question 684

interleave

Answer 684

v. to arrange in or as if in alternative layers (syn: interweave, interwine ) - They interleaved the pages with absorbent paper to dry them out. - The film interleaves extracts from her father's autobiography with family interviews.

Question 685

ooze

Answer 685

v. = seep | - Blood was still oozing out of the wound.

Question 686

ocean basin

Answer 686

= sea bed = sea floor

Question 687

radiometric

Answer 687

adj. 放射性定年的 = radioactive | - In 1926, the National Academy of Sciences adopted the radiometric timescales.

Question 688

terrestrial

Answer 688

adj. relating to Earth - terrestrial animal: 陸棲動物 - the search for terrestrial planets :類地行星 (rocky planet)

Question 689

celestial

Answer 689

adj. of or from the sky or outside this world | - The moon is a celestial body.

Question 690

up in the air

Answer 690

not yet settled | - a question that's still up in the air

Question 691

apex

Answer 691

n. /ˈeɪpeks/ 全盛時期 = culmination, zenith, height - He reached the apex of his career during the period.

Question 692

blitz

Answer 692

n. /blɪts/ 1. a sudden attack - Five shops were damaged in a firebomb blitz. 2. sudden organized effort to deal with something or achieve something - The car was launched with a massive media/advertising blitz, involving newspapers, magazines, television. and radio.

Question 693

propaganda

Answer 693

n. /ˌprɑːpəˈɡændə/ ​ideas or statements that may be false or present only one side of an argument that are used in order to gain support for a political leader, party, etc. - enemy propaganda/a propaganda campaign

Question 694

collage

Answer 694

n. /kəˈlɑːʒ/ 拼貼藝術 - Collage is a technique of an art production, primarily used in the visual arts, where the artwork is made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole.

Question 695

deviate

Answer 695

v. /ˈdiːvieɪt/ n. deviation 1. to be different from something; to do something in a different way from what is usual or expected - He never deviated from his original plan. - The bus had to deviate from its usual route because of a road closure.

Question 696

dictate

Answer 696

v. /ˈdɪkteɪt/ 1. to tell somebody what to do, especially in an annoying way - They are in no position to dictate terms (= tell other people what to do). - What right do they have to dictate how we live our lives? - However, the most important principle dictated by the American god was somewhat different from the principle dictated by the gods of Babylon. 2. to control or influence how something happens ( syn: determine ) - In medieval Europe, from the king to the farmer, rank dictated how a person lived. n. an order, rule, or principle that you have to obey - temperamental youths chafing against the dictates of society and weary elders who just wanted to be left in peace. - Its public display and private possession laid the basis for temporal autonomy: people could now coordinate comings and goings without dictation from above.

Question 697

underdrawing

Answer 697

sketch | the drawing done on a painting ground before paint is applied

Question 698

subdued

Answer 698

adj. not strong, loud, intense, etc. - The color in the lobby is subdued. - Vivid contrasts between the subdued lighter colors of the background and the dark shades of the lady's dress and hat in the foreground were inspired by Japanese woodcut prints.

Question 699

muted

Answer 699

adj. 1. muted sounds, voices etc are quieter than usual - Everyone was sitting round discussing the accident in muted voices. 2. soft in color: not bright - muted pinks and blues

Question 700

lithography

Answer 700

n. 石版印刷 - The color in the lithograph called Divan Japonais seemed flat. There's none of that shading you commonly see in impressionist's works.

Question 701

secular

Answer 701

adj. not relate to spiritual - secular music - From ancient times, hats have played a significant role in both secular and sacred ceremonies.

Question 702

scathing

Answer 702

adj. /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/ criticizing somebody or something very severely in a way that shows no respect - Her father gave her a scathing look.

Question 703

mandate

Answer 703

n. /ˈmændeɪt/, v. /mænˈdeɪt/ 1. the authority to do something, given to a government or other organization by the people who vote for it in an election - The presidential mandate is limited to two terms of four years each. 2. an official instruction given to a person or organization, allowing them to do something - They carried out the governor's mandate to build more roads. v. - If a judge were to mandate the dissolution of the company, its factories would remain standing and its workers, accountants, managers and shareholders would continue to live.

Question 704

be (all) the rage

Answer 704

to be very popular at a particular time - Long hair for men was all the rage in the 70s. rage 暴怒(人)&熱鬧(event)

Question 705

imperative

Answer 705

adj. extremely important or urgent - usability catastrophe; imperative problem - It's imperative to act now before the problem gets really serious.

Question 706

cosmetic

Answer 706

adj. /kɑːzˈmetɪk/ cosmetics -> 化妝品 1. dealing with the outside appearance rather than the important part of something - cosmetic problem; no real usability impact - We’re making a few cosmetic changes to the house before we sell it. 2. intended to make your hair, skin, body etc look more attractive - cosmetic products

Question 707

commence

Answer 707

v. /kəˈmens/ to begin or to start something - Your first evaluation will be six months after you commence employment. - The course commences with a one week introduction to Art Theory. - The planes commenced bombing at midnight.

Question 708

matriarch

Answer 708

n. /ˈmeɪtriɑːrk/ 女族長 patriarch - chest-thumping machos trying to impress the local beauty and wise old matriarchs who had already seen it all. - matriarchal society 母系社會

Question 709

archaic

Answer 709

adj. /ɑːrˈkeɪ.ɪk/ of or belonging to an ancient period in history - These archaic humans loved, played, formed close friendships and competed for status and power.

Question 710

fathom

Answer 710

v. to understand what something means after thinking about it carefully - Nobody, least of all humans themselves, had any inkling that their descendants would one day walk on the moon, split the atom, fathom the genetic code and write history books. n. 英尋（測量水深單位，合1.8米或6英尺） - Modern soundings indicate he overestimated his depths by several hundred fathoms, but in any case Ross's clam dove several times deeper than Forbes's dredge.

Question 711

sterile

Answer 711

adj. /ˈsterəl/ 1. not able to produce children or young animals - Horses and donkeys will mate if induced to do so - but their offspring, called mules, are sterile. 2. completely clean and free from bacteria - sterile bondage - Dilute the stock solution to 2.5% with sterile water.

Question 712

genus

Answer 712

n. /ˈdʒiː.nəs/ 屬 - Presumably, everyone reading this book is a Homo Sapiens - the species sapiens ( wise ) of the genus Homo ( man ).

Question 713

patriarch

Answer 713

n. /ˈpeɪ.tri.ɑːrk/ (父系社會)男性族長 - All members of a family trace their lineage back to a founding matriarch or patriarch.

Question 714

oblivion

Answer 714

n. /əˈblɪviən/ 1. when something is completely forgotten or no longer important - In 2010 another lost sibling was rescued from oblivion, when scientists excavating the Denisova Cave in Siberia discovered a fossilsed finger bone. 2. a state in which you are not aware of what is happening around you, usually because you are unconscious or asleep - He often drinks himself into oblivion.

Question 715

no brainer

Answer 715

something such as a decision that is very easy or obvious - That evolution should select for larger brains may seem to us like, well, a no-brainer. - no brainer question

Question 716

immodest

Answer 716

adj. 1. having or showing a very high opinion of yourself and your abilities ( SYN: conceited ) ( <->modest ) - Our own species, which we've immodestly named Homo Sapiens, "Wise Man". 2. (of behaviour or clothing) that may shock people because it involves sex or attracts attention in a sexual way - an immodest dress

Question 717

meek

Answer 717

adj. quiet, gentle, and always ready to do what other people want without expressing your own opinion - meek plant gathers - They called her Miss Mouse because she was so meek and mild.

Question 718

primate

Answer 718

n. 靈長類動物 - The skeleton of our primate ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.

Question 719

supple

Answer 719

adj. 1. someone who is supple bends and moves easily and gracefully - Women who gave birth earlier, when the infant's brain and head were still relatively small and supple. - The most common answer is that our language is amazingly supple. We can connect a limited number of sounds and signs to produce an infinite number of sentences, each with a distinct meaning. 2. leather, skin, wood etc that is supple is soft and bends easily - Moisturizing cream helps to keep your skin soft and supple.

Question 720

colt

Answer 720

n. a young male horse | - A colt can trot shortly after birth.

Question 721

sustenance

Answer 721

n. /ˈsʌstənəns/ 1. food - Human babies are helpless, dependent for many years on their elders for sustenance, protection and education. 2. when something is made to continue - When her husband died, she drew sustenance from her religious beliefs.

Question 722

in tow

Answer 722

following closely behind someone or something - Lone mothers could hardly forage enough food for their offspring and themselves with needy children in tow. - Hannah arrived with her four kids in tow.

Question 723

carrion

Answer 723

n. 腐肉 - The humans eat the carrion left behind by other more powerful carnivores. - Vulture is a kind of carrion birds.

Question 724

carcass

Answer 724

n. the body of a dead animal - Only then would you and your band dare approach the carcass. - Cross sections cut through some of the fossils reveal that the mud filling the interior of the carcass differed in consistency and texture depending on its location inside the fish.

Question 725

dictator

Answer 725

n. 獨裁者，暴君 /ˈdɪk.teɪ.t̬ɚ/ | - Sapiens by contrast is more like a banana republic dictator.

Question 726

prowl

Answer 726

v. /praʊl/ if an animal prowls, it moves around an area quietly, especially because it is hunting another animal - Humans now had a dependable source of light and warmth, and a deadly weapon against prowling lions. - Various human species had been prowling and evolving in Afro-Asia for 2 million years.

Question 727

barren

Answer 727

adj. 貧瘠的 | - We drove through a barren, rocky landscape.

Question 728

staple

Answer 728

n. /ˈsteɪ.pəl/ 1. 釘書機 2. a main product or part of something - Foods that humans can not digest in their natural forms - such as wheat, rice and potatoes - became staples of our diet thanks to cooking. - The first - the story of our quest for sexual is well known and well charted, its vagaries form the staple of music and literature, it is socially accepted and celebrated. - There is no evidence that people traded staple goods like fruits and meat, or that the existence of one band depended on the importing of goods from another.

Question 729

advent

Answer 729

n. the time when something first begins to be widely used ( syn: coming ) - the advent of new technology - The advent of cooking enabled humans to eat more kinds of food, to devote less time to eating, and to make do with smaller teeth and shorter intestines.

Question 730

repress

Answer 730

v. 1. to try not to have or show an emotion, a feeling, etc. ( SYN: control ) - to repress a smile - As we will shortly see, we Sapiens have good reasons to repress the memory of our siblings. 2. to use political and/or military force to control a group of people and limit their freedom ( SYN: put down, suppress ) - The government was quick to repress any opposition.

Question 731

allege

Answer 731

v. to say that something is true or that someone has done something wrong, although it has not been proved - It was alleged that the policeman had accepted bribes. - For example, the megafauna of New Zealand - which had weathered the alleged 'climate change' of c.45,000 years ago without a scratch - suffered devastating blows immediately after the first humans set foot on the islands.

Question 732

gulf

Answer 732

n. 1. a large area of sea that is partly surrounded by land 海灣 2. gulf (between A and B) a large difference between two people or groups in the way that they think, live or feel - First also opened the first significant gulf between man and the other animals. - They could not produce fertile children, because the genetic gulf separating the two populations was already unbridgeable.

Question 733

inclement

Answer 733

adj. /ɪnˈklemənt/ (of the weather) not pleasant; cold, wet, etc. - It might have been due to nasty natives, an inclement climate, or unfamiliar local parasites.

Question 734

prodigious

Answer 734

adj. /prəˈdɪdʒəs/ ​very large or powerful and causing surprise; impressive - We can thereby ingest, store and communicate a prodigious amount of information about the surrounding world. - a prodigious achievement/memory/talent

Question 735

ingest

Answer 735

v. /ɪnˈdʒest/ to take food, drugs, etc. into your body, usually by swallowing (= making them go down your throat) - We can thereby ingest, store and communicate a prodigious amount of information about the surrounding world.

Question 736

comrade

Answer 736

n. /kɑːmræd/ a person who is a member of the same communist or socialist political party as the person speaking - A green monkey can yell to its comrades, 'Careful! A lion!'

Question 737

malign

Answer 737

v. /məˈlaɪn/ to say bad things about somebody/something publicly - Homo sapiens probably also had a hard time talking behind each other's backs - a much maligned ability which is in fact essential for cooperation in large numbers. - She feels she has been much maligned by the press. adj. causing or intending to cause harm or evil - a malign influence

Question 738

the fourth estate

Answer 738

press and news media/European concept of the three estates of the realm: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. - Rumour-mongers are the original fourth estate, journalists who inform society about and thus protect it from cheats and freeloaders.

Question 739

incarnate

Answer 739

adj. v. in human form - The leader seemed the devil incarnate. - Before Jesus shows up and he's the son of God, he's God incarnate.

Question 740

cement

Answer 740

n. 水泥 v. 1. to make something such as an agreement or friendship stronger - People easily understand that 'primitives' cement their social order by believing in ghosts and spirits, and gathering each full moon. - They want to cement a good working relationship between the government and trade unions. 2. to put cement on a surface or stick things together using cement

Question 741

revenue

Answer 741

n. the income that a government or company receives regularly - The legend of Peugeot affords us a good example

Question 742

revenue

Answer 742

n. the income that a government or company receives regularly - Strikes have cost £20 million in lost revenues.

Question 743

liability

Answer 743

n. the fact that someone is legally responsible for something - Peugeot belongs to a particular genre of legal fictions called limited 'liability companies'. - He denies any liability for the damage caused.

Question 744

devout

Answer 744

adj. 1. someone who is devout has a very strong belief in a religion - a devout Catholic - Seeing that priest had properly and assiduously observed all the procedures, millions of devout French Catholics behaved as if God really existed in the consecrated bread and wine. 2. a devout hope or wish is one that you feel very strongly - It is my devout hope that we can work together in peace.

Question 745

parliament

Answer 745

n. in some countries, the group of (usually) elected politicians or other people who make the laws for their country - In the case of Peugeot SA the crucial story was the French legal code, as written by the French parliament.

Question 746

immense

Answer 746

adj. /ɪˈmens/ extremely large or great - Yet when it succeeds, it gives Sapiens immense power, because it enables millions of strangers to cooperate and work towards common goals - The technique of creating frescoes was developed over time, and eventually perfected during the Renaissance- a time when immense buildings were being erected as symbols of wealth and power... very large buildings which people wanted decorated on the inside as well as the outside.

Question 747

harness

Answer 747

n. 輓具, 原本是指給馬用的 v. to control and use a natural force or people’s energy or skills - He designs systems to harness the energy of waves to produce electricity. - Moving water was one of the earliest energy sources to be harnessed to reduce the workload of people and animals.

Question 748

jar

Answer 748

n. 罐子 | - the noria, a waterwheel that raised water for irrigation in attached jars.

Question 749

pessimistic

Answer 749

adj. /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ expecting bad things to happen or something not to be successful; showing this - An energy analyst writing in the year 1800 would have painted a very pessimistic picture of the future for waterpower.

Question 750

supersede

Answer 750

v. to take the place of something/somebody that is considered to be old-fashioned or no longer the best available - The waterwheel, unaltered for nearly 2,000 years, had finally been superseded. - The theory has been superseded by more recent research.

Question 751

depression

Answer 751

1. 憂鬱症 2. the state of feeling very sad and without hope - There was a feeling of gloom and depression in the office when the news of the job cuts was announced. 3. a period when there is little economic activity and many people are poor or without jobs - He grew up during the Great Depression of the 1930s. 4. a part of a surface that is lower than the parts around it ( =hollow ) - The explanation is that the Maya excavated depressions, or modified natural depressions, and then plugged up leaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in order to create reservoirs, which collected rain from large plastered catchment basins and stored it for use in the dry season. 5. a weather condition in which the pressure of the air becomes lower, often causing rain - an atmospheric depression moving east from the Atlantic

Question 752

undermine

Answer 752

v. /ˌʌndərˈmaɪn/ to gradually make someone or something less strong or effective - Awareness of new ideas, crops, religions, and commodities undermined traditional behaviors, cosmologies, and beliefs and posed sharply the question of how to distinguish between false and true knowledge of the world.

Question 753

appal

Answer 753

v. /əˈpɔːl/ ​to make somebody feel extremely shocked and feel very strongly that something is bad - The brutality of the crime has appalled the public. - Particularly in the cities with their appalling sanitary conditions, bad air, and filthy water, death rates were extraordinarily high.

Question 754

curriculum

Answer 754

``` n. ​the subjects that are included in a course of study or taught in a school, college, etc. - curriculum projects - curriculum guide * curriculum vitae = CV ```

Question 755

consensus

Answer 755

n. /kənˈsensəs/ - reach/achieve a consensus - There is a growing consensus of opinion on this issue.

Question 756

brevity

Answer 756

n. 1. the quality of expressing something in very few words ( = brief ) - Brevity has its drawbacks, of course, but it also has its advantages. Above all, it should be possible to read this survey in one or two sittings, a short enough period to remember the beginning of the story as you read the end! 2. the quality of continuing for only a short time ( = brief ) - the brevity of her visit

Question 757

delve

Answer 757

v. 1. to try to find more information about someone or something - research that delves deeply into this issue - To understand why, evolutionary psychologists argue, we need to delve into the hunter-gatherer world that shaped us, the world that we subconsciously still inhabit. 2. to search for something by putting your hand deeply into a bag, container etc - He delved into his pocket and brought out a notebook.

Question 758

plaque

Answer 758

n. /plæk/ 1. a flat piece of stone, metal, etc., usually with a name and dates on, attached to a wall in memory of a person or an event - Today's affluent societies are in the throes of a plague of obesity, which is rapidly spreading to developing countries. 2. a harmful substance which forms on your teeth, which bacteria can live and breed in

Question 759

forebear

Answer 759

n. a person in your family who lived a long time ago ( = ancestor ) - It's a puzzle why we binge on the sweetest and greasiest food we can find, until we consider the eating habits of our forager forebears.

Question 760

nuclear family

Answer 760

​a family that consists of father, mother and children, when it is thought of as a unit in society - For example, some evolutionary psychologists argue that ancient foraging bands were not composed of nuclear families centered on monogamous couples.

Question 761

monogamous

Answer 761

adj. /məˈnɑːɡəməs/ n. monogamy 1. ​in which somebody is married to only one person at a particular time - For example, some evolutionary psychologists argue that ancient foraging bands were not composed of nuclear families centered on monogamous couples. - As explained above, scholars cannot even agree on the basics, such as the existence of private property, nuclear families and monogamous relationships. 2. having a sexual relationship with only one partner at a particular time

Question 762

bear in mind

Answer 762

to remember somebody/something; to remember or consider that… - If this sounds silly, bear in mind that before the development of modern embryological studies, people had no solid evidence that babies are always sired by a single father rather than by many. - Bear in mind, though, that Hammurabi might have defended his principle of hierarchy using the same logic.

Question 763

proponent

Answer 763

n. a person who supports an idea or course of action - The proponents of this 'ancient commune' theory argue that the frequent infidelities that characterise modern marriages, and the high rates of divorce, not to mention the cornucopia of psychological complexes from which both children and adults suffer, all result relationships that are incompatible with our biological software.

Question 764

infidelity

Answer 764

n. ​the act of not being faithful to your wife, husband or partner, by having sex with somebody else - The proponents of this 'ancient commune' theory argue that the frequent infidelities that characterise modern marriages, and the high rates of divorce, not to mention the cornucopia of psychological complexes from which both children and adults suffer, all result relationships that are incompatible with our biological software.

Question 765

monogamy

Answer 765

n. /məˈnɑːɡəmi/ 1. ​the fact or custom of being married to only one person at a particular time - The debate between the 'ancient commune' and 'eternal monogamy' schools is based on flimsy evidence. 2. the practice or custom of having a sexual relationship with only one partner at a particular time

Question 766

flimsy

Answer 766

1. a flimsy argument or excuse does not seem very likely and people do not believe it ( OPP: convincing ) - The debate between the 'ancient commune' and 'eternal monogamy' schools is based on flimsy evidence. 2. flimsy cloth or clothing is light and thin - a flimsy cotton dress 3. something that is flimsy is not strong or well-made, and will break easily - a flimsy wooden building

Question 767

modest

Answer 767

1. NOT PROUD: someone who is modest does not want to talk about their abilities or achievements - He was always modest about his role in the Everest expedition. 2. NOT BIG: not very great, big, or expensive - a modest increase in costs - foragers had very few artefacts to begin with, and these played a comparatively modest role in their lives. 3. SHY: shy about showing your body or attracting sexual interest, because you are easily embarrassed - She was a modest girl, always keeping covered, even in summer. 4. CLOTHES: modest clothing covers the body in a way that does not attract sexual interest - a modest knee-length dress

Question 768

piece together

Answer 768

1. to use all the information you have about a situation in order to discover the truth about it - An archaeologist working 100,000 years form now could piece together a reasonable picture of Muslim belief and practice from the myriad objects he unearthed in a ruined mosque. 2. to put all the separate parts of an object into the correct order or position - He slowly pieced together the torn fragments of a letter.

Question 769

piece together

Answer 769

``` to make (something) by bringing together various parts or pieces - An archaeologist working 100,000 years form now could piece together a reasonable picture of Muslim belief and practice from the myriad objects he unearthed in a ruined mosque. ```

Question 770

ubiquitous

Answer 770

adj. /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ seeming to be everywhere – sometimes used humorously - We hardly notice how ubiquitous our stuff is until we have to move it to a new house. - How did this grass turn from insignificant to ubiquitous?

Question 771

despotic

Answer 771

adj. /dɪˈspɑːtɪk/ connected with or typical of a leader with great power, especially one who uses it in a cruel way - During the Enlightenment, much of the population in Europe began to grow contempt of the despotic style of rule and, instead, wanted to live in a nation with a government that was chosen by the people, for the people.

Question 772

contempt

Answer 772

n. 1. the feeling that somebody/something is without value and deserves no respect at all - She looked at him with contempt. - During the Enlightenment, much of the population in Europe began to grow contempt of the despotic style of rule and, instead, wanted to live in a nation with a government that was chosen by the people, for the people. 2. a lack of worry or fear about rules, danger, etc. - His remarks betray a staggering contempt for the truth.

Question 773

languish

Answer 773

v. 1. to be forced to stay somewhere or suffer something unpleasant for a long time - She continues to languish in a foreign prison. 2. to become weaker or fail to make progress - The housing market continues to languish. - The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semi-subsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.

Question 774

procurement

Answer 774

n. /prəˈkjʊrmənt/ the process of obtaining supplies of something, especially for a government or an organization - All animals must solve the same problems of existence, procurement of food and oxygen, maintenance of water and salt balance, removal of wastes and perpetuation of species. - She has responsibility for the procurement of equipment in the company.

Question 775

perpetuate

Answer 775

v. /pəˈpetʃueɪt/ n. /pərˌpetʃuˈeɪʃn/ to cause something to continue - an education system that perpetuates the divisions in our society - All animals must solve the same problems of existence, procurement of food and oxygen, maintenance of water and salt balance, removal of wastes and perpetuation of species. - In most cases the hierarchy originated as the result of a set of accidental historical circumstances and was then perpetuated and refined over many generations as different groups developed vested interests in it.

Question 776

declarative memory

Answer 776

Long-term memory is not a single store and has two components: declarative (explicit) and non-declarative (implicit). Implicit memory (non-declarative) includes procedural memory and things learned through conditioning. Declarative memory has to do with the storage of facts, and events we have personally experienced. Recalling information from declarative memory involves some degree of conscious effort, as information must be consciously brought to mind and “declared”.

Question 777

demographic

Answer 777

n. 1. data relating to the population and different groups within it - the demographics of podcast listeners 2. a section of the population who are of a similar age, the same sex, etc. - Occasionally, bands wandered outside their turf and explored new lands, whether due to natural calamities, violent conflicts, demographic pressure or the initiative of a charismatic leader.

Question 778

charisma

Answer 778

n. /kəˈrɪzmə/ a natural ability to attract and interest other people and make them admire you adj. /ˌkærɪzˈmætɪk/ charismatic: having charisma - Perhaps they were the children of the leader, in a culture that believed in either family charisma or strict rules of succession. - Occasionally, bands wandered outside their turf and explored new lands, whether due to natural calamities, violent conflicts, demographic pressure or the initiative of a charismatic leader.

Question 779

predate

Answer 779

v. to be built or formed, or to happen, at an earlier date than something else in the past - Most importantly, alongside seas and rivers rich in seafood and waterfowl, humans set up permanent fishing villages - the first permanent settlements in history, long predating the Agricultural Revolution.

Question 780

vicinity

Answer 780

n. /vəˈsɪnəti/ the area around a particular place - They studied every stream, every walnut tree, every bear cave, and every flint-stone deposit in their vicinity.

Question 781

basalt

Answer 781

n. /bəˈsɔːlt/ 玄武岩a type of dark rock that comes from volcanoes - Most of us lack expert knowledge of the flaking properties of flint and basalt and the fine motor skills needed to work them precisely.

Question 782

motor skill

Answer 782

A motor skill is a function that involves specific movements of the body's muscles to perform a certain task. These tasks could include walking, running, or riding a bike. In order to perform this skill, the body's nervous system, muscles, and brain have to all work together. - Most of us lack expert knowledge of the flaking properties of flint and basalt and the fine motor skills needed to work them precisely.

Question 783

niche

Answer 783

1. a comfortable or suitable role, job, way of life, etc. - He eventually found his niche in sports journalism. - When agriculture and industry came along people could increasingly rely on the skills of others for survival, and new 'niches for imbeciles' were opened up. 2. a small section of the market for a particular kind of product or service - They spotted a niche in the market, with no serious competition. - There's a niche for a small stylish car.

Question 784

imbecile

Answer 784

adj. /ˈɪmbəsl/ ( in a rude way ) someone who is very stupid or behaves very stupidly - He looked at me as if I was a total imbecile. - When agriculture and industry came along people could increasingly rely on the skills of others for survival, and new 'niches for imbeciles' were opened up.

Question 785

foliage

Answer 785

n. /ˈfəʊliɪdʒ/ the leaves of a plant - They carefully observed the foliage of trees in order to discover fruits, beehives and bird nests.

Question 786

hand

Answer 786

n. WORKER: someone who does physical work on a farm, factory, ship etc - Today, a Chinese factory hand leaves home around seven in the morning, makes her way through polluted streets to a sweats shop, and there operates the same machine, in the same way, day in, day out, for ten long and mind-numbing hours, returning home around seven in the evening in order to wash dishes and do the laundry.

Question 787

edible

Answer 787

adj. fit or suitable to be eaten; not poisonous - They'd roam the nearby forests and meadows, gathering mushrooms, digging up edible roots, catching frogs and occasionally running away from tigers.

Question 788

ravage

Answer 788

v. to damage something badly - Agricultural societies are ravaged by famine when drought, fire or earthquake devastates the annual rice or potato crop. - His health was gradually ravaged by drink and drugs.

Question 789

calamity

Answer 789

n. /kəˈlæməti/ an event that causes great damage to people’s lives, property, etc. ( SYN: disaster ) - Forage societies were hardly immune to natural disasters, and suffered from periods of want and hunger, but they were usually able to deal with such calamities. - It will be a calamity for farmers if the crops fail again. - Occasionally, bands wandered outside their turf and explored new lands, whether due to natural calamities, violent conflicts, demographic pressure or the initiative of a charismatic leader.

Question 790

want

Answer 790

n. 1. LACK: something that you need but do not have 2. NO FOOD/MONEY ETC a situation in which you do not have enough food, money, clothes etc - Forage societies were hardly immune to natural disasters, and suffered from periods of want and hunger, but they were usually able to deal with such calamities.

Question 791

plague

Answer 791

v. 1. to cause pain, suffering, or trouble to someone, especially for a long period of time - Most of the infections diseases that have plagued agricultural and industrial societies originated in domesticated animals and were transferred to humans only after the Agricultural Revolution. 2. to annoy someone, especially by asking for something many times or asking them many questions - The kids have been plaguing me with questions.

Question 792

henceforth

Answer 792

adv. /ˌhensˈfɔːrθ/ from this time on - His body was covered with the birds' faeces, so he was henceforth nicknamed 'Vulture Droppings'. - Henceforth, all staff will need to provide proof of identity before entering the building.

Question 793

liability

Answer 793

n. 1. the state of being legally responsible for something 責任，義務 - The company cannot accept liability for any damage caused by natural disasters. 2. a person or thing that causes you a lot of problems - The need to evade their enemies probably caused the Ache' to adopt an exceptionally harsh attitude towards anyone who might become a liability to the band - Since his injury, Jones has become more of a liability than an asset to the team. 3. the amount of money that a person or company owes - The company is reported to have liabilities of nearly $90 000.

Question 794

fiend

Answer 794

n. /fiːnd/ 1. a very cruel or unpleasant person - The Ache were neither angels nor fiends - they were humans. 2. a person who is very interested in the thing mentioned ( syn: fanatic ) - a crossword fiend

Question 795

shaman

Answer 795

n. 薩滿 - When someone falls sick, a shaman can contact the spirit that caused the sickness and try to pacify it or scare it away.

Question 796

pacify

Answer 796

v. /ˈpæsɪfaɪ/ 1. to make somebody who is angry or upset become calm and quiet ( SYN: placate ) - When someone falls sick, a shaman can contact the spirit that caused the sickness and try to pacify it or scare it away. 2. to bring peace to an area where there is fighting or a war - a turbulent period before the country was pacified

Question 797

turbulent

Answer 797

adj. 1. a turbulent situation or period of time is one in which there are a lot of sudden changes - a turbulent period before the country was pacified - Their religious experience may have been turbulent and filled with controversies, reforms and revolutions. 2. turbulent air or water moves around a lot - the dark turbulent waters of the river

Question 798

hazy

Answer 798

n. haze: 霧氣 adj. 1. not clear because of haze 2. not clear because of a lack of memory, understanding or detail - It is better to be frank and admit that we have only the haziest notions about the religions of ancient foragers.

Question 799

notion

Answer 799

n. a belief or idea | - It is better to be frank and admit that we have only the haziest notions about the religions of ancient foragers.

Question 800

observe

Answer 800

v. 1. to see and notice something - Scientists have observed a drop in ozone levels over the Antarctic. 2. to watch something or someone carefully - The police have been observing his movements. 3. to say or write what you have noticed about a situation - Keynes observed that humans fall into two classes. 4. to do what you are supposed to do according to a law or agreement ( syn: obey, adhere to ) - We don't know which spirits they prayed to, which festivals they celebrated, or which taboos they observed.

Question 801

alliance

Answer 801

n. a group of people, political parties, etc. who work together in order to achieve something that they all want - But they reveal nothing about the political alliance forged between neighbouring Sapiens bands, about the spirits of the dead that blessed this alliance, or about the ivory beads secretly given to the local witch doctor in order to secure the blessing of the spirits.

Question 802

desolate

Answer 802

adj. /ˈdesələt/ 1. a place that is desolate is empty and looks sad because there are no people there - The foragers were there before us and they brought about dramatic changes even in the densest jungles and the most desolate wildernesses. - a desolate landscape 2. someone who is desolate feels very sad and lonely - The loss of his friend made him feel utterly desolate.

Question 803

pristine

Answer 803

adj. /ˈprɪstiːn/ 1. fresh and clean, as if new ( immaculate ) - The car is in pristine condition. 2. not developed or changed in any way; left in its original condition - Trekkers visiting the Siberian tundra, the deserts of central Australia and the Amazonian rainforest believe that they have entered pristine landscapes, virtually untouched by human hands.

Question 804

strait

Answer 804

n. /streɪt/ a narrow passage of water between two areas of land, usually connecting two seas - a group of islands separated from Asia and from each other by only narrow straits

Question 805

flipper

Answer 805

n. （海豹、企鵝等海洋生物用來游泳的）鰭肢，鰭足; 蛙鞋 - The Sapiens in Indonesia, descendants of apes who lived on the African savannah, became Pacific seafarers without growing flippers and without having to wait their noses to migrate to the top of their heads as whales did.

Question 806

vessel

Answer 806

n. a large boat or a ship - It's hard to believe that anyone could have reached and colonised Manus without sophisticated vessels and sailing skills. - However, the U.S. and Canada wanted to expel foreign trawlers only in order to increase the numbers of their own fishing fleets.

Question 807

virtually

Answer 807

adj. 1. almost - Within a few thousand years, virtually all of these giants vanished. - No other animal had ever moved into such a huge variety of radically different habitats so quickly, everywhere using virtually the same genes. 2. on a computer, rather than in the real world

Question 808

exonerate

Answer 808

v. /ɪɡˈzɒnəreɪt/ to officially state that somebody is not responsible for something that they have been blamed for - Some scholars try to exonerate our species, placing the blame on the vagaries of the climate (the usual scapegoat in such cases).

Question 809

obliterate

Answer 809

v. 1. to destroy something completely so that nothing remains - Human involvement can easily explain why the wave of extinction obliterated the terrestrial megafauna of Australia while sparing that of the nearby oceans. 2. to remove a thought, feeling, or memory from someone’s mind - Nothing could obliterate the memory of those tragic events. 3. to cover something completely so that it cannot be seen - Then the fog came down, obliterating everything.

Question 810

weather

Answer 810

v. 1. to come through a very difficult situation safely - The company weathered the storm of objections to the scheme. - For example, the megafauna of New Zealand - which had weathered the alleged 'climate change' of c.45,000 years ago without a scratch - suffered devastating blows immediately after the first humans set foot on the islands. 2. 風化 - The brick has weathered to a lovely pinky-brown.

Question 811

assailant

Answer 811

n. /əˈseɪlənt/ someone who attacks another person ( syn: attacker ) - In fact, for all their size, diprotodons and Australia's other giants probably wouldn't have been that hard to hunt because they would have been taken totally by surprise by their two-legged assailants.

Question 812

devise

Answer 812

v. to plan or invent a new way of doing something - But Homo sapiens, whose body was adapted to living in the African savannah rather than in the lands of snow and ice, devised ingenious solutions - She devised a method for quicker communications between offices.

Question 813

ingenious

Answer 813

adj. /ɪnˈdʒiːniəs/ 1. an ingenious plan, idea, or object works well and is the result of clever thinking and new ideas - But Homo sapiens, whose body was adapted to living in the African savannah rather than in the lands of snow and ice, devised ingenious solutions 2. someone who is ingenious is very good at inventing things or at thinking of new ideas

Question 814

banish

Answer 814

v. /ˈbænɪʃ/ 1. to not allow someone or something to stay in a particular place - I was banished to a distant corridor. 2. to send someone away permanently from their country or the area where they live, especially as an official punishment ( syn: exile ) - Why banish oneself to Siberia by choice? - Thousands were banished to Siberia. 3. to try to stop thinking about something or someone - They tried to banish the memory from their minds.

Question 815

transient

Answer 815

adj. /ˈtrænʃnt/, /ˈtrænziənt/ 1. continuing for only a short time ( syn: fleeting, temporary ) - You know, one of the challenges for people who study theater is to find ways of talking about something that’s really so transient, about something that in a sense, doesn’t exist. 1. staying or working in a place for only a short time, before moving on - a city with a large transient population

Question 816

mouthful

Answer 816

adj. 1. an amount of food or drink that you put into your mouth at one time - Betty drank a mouthful of beer. - He took a mouthful of his pudding. 2. ( a bit of )a mouthful: a long word or phrase that is difficult to say - Err, well, then also in Pakistan they found a fossil of another creature, which we call Ambulocetus natans. That's a mouthful, eh?

Question 817

choreography

Answer 817

n. the art of designing and arranging the steps and movements in dances, especially in ballet; the steps and movements in a particular ballet or show - Now when you think about choreography, well, for your last assignment, you choreographed a dance that was performed on stage, in front of a live audience.

Question 818

etcetera

Answer 818

etc. (= used after a list to show that there are other things that you could have mentioned) - Movies can distort time, slow movement down, or speed it up, show actors fading in and out of scenes, etcetera.

Question 819

lopsided

Answer 819

adj. /ˌlɑːpˈsaɪdɪd/ 1. having one side lower, smaller, etc. than the other - a lopsided grin/mouth - Maybe a particular sunspot was sort of square, then later it would become more lopsided, then later something else… 2. lacking balance; with a lot more attention, points, votes, etc. on one side than the other - The article presents a somewhat lopsided view of events.

Question 820

blemish

Answer 820

n. a small mark, especially a mark on someone’s skin or on the surface of an object, that spoils its appearance - That’s because of their belief at the time that the “heavenly” bodies… the Sun, moon, stars and planets… were perfect… without any flaws or blemishes. v. to spoil something so that it is no longer beautiful or perfect - His record will be blemished by this failure.

Question 821

toss around

Answer 821

If you toss ideas, suggestions, or phrases around, you mention them and discuss them with other people. - Over the next couple hundred years, a lot of hypotheses were tossed around… the spots were mountains, or holes in the solar atmosphere through which the dark surface of the Sun could be seen.

Question 822

antelope

Answer 822

n. 羚羊 | - Antelope Cave

Question 823

inbreeding

Answer 823

adj. when children, animals, or plants are produced from closely related members of the same family - He was born with a rare bone disease, probably the result of aristocratic inbreeding.

Question 824

hardship

Answer 824

n. something that makes your life difficult or unpleasant, especially a lack of money, or the condition of having a difficult life - an economic policy that caused great hardship for many people - Many students are suffering severe financial hardship.

Question 825

inferior

Answer 825

adj. 1. not good, or not as good as someone or something else - wine of inferior quality - I always felt slightly inferior to her. - The copies were inferior to the original statues. 2. lower in rank - He refused to accept a job of inferior status.

Question 826

bevel

Answer 826

n. a sloping edge or surface - In an early fourth-millennium level of the Eanna archaeological site at Uruk, a pottery style appears that is most characteristic of this process, the so-called beveled-rim bowl

Question 827

outlast

Answer 827

v. to continue to live, exist or take part in an activity for a longer time than somebody/something - The empress outlasted all her children. - A leather sofa will usually outlast a cloth one.

Question 828

legible

Answer 828

adj. clear enough to read - legible handwriting - When rolled over a soft material-primarily the clay of bullae (round seals), tablets, or clay lumps attached to boxes, jars, or door bolts-the scene would appear in relief a type of sculpture in which the subjects project from the background, easily legible.

Question 829

escalation

Answer 829

v. 1. if fighting, violence, or a bad situation escalates, or if someone escalates it, it becomes much worse - Her fear was escalating into panic. - We do not want to escalate the war. 2. to become higher or increase, or to make something do this - Some of the earliest human civilizations arose in southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq, in the fourth millennium B.C.E. In the second half of that millennium, in the south around the city of Uruk, there was an enormous escalation in the area occupied by permanent settlements A large part of that increase took place in Uruk itself, which became a real urban center surrounded by a set of secondary settlements.

Question 830

statuary

Answer 830

n. statues - a collection of marble statuary - Similarly, the late Uruk period shows the first monumental art, relief, and statuary in the round, made, with a degree of mastery that only a professional could have produced.

Question 831

secondary

Answer 831

adj. 1. less important than related things - In the second half of that millennium, in the south around the city of Uruk, there was an enormous escalation in the area occupied by permanent settlements - A large part of that increase took place in Uruk itself, which became a real urban center surrounded by a set of secondary settlements. 2. happening as a result of something else - a secondary effect - a secondary colour (= made from mixing two primary colours)

Question 832

relief

Answer 832

1. COMFORT: a feeling of comfort when something frightening, worrying, or painful has ended or has not happened 2. REDUCTION OF PAIN: when something reduces someone’s pain or unhappy feelings 3. HELP: money, food, clothes etc given to people who are poor or hungry - money raised for the relief effort - famine relief for victims of the drought 4. DECORATION: a way of decorating wood, stone etc with a shape or figure that is raised above the surface, or the decoration itself - When rolled over a soft material-primarily the clay of bullae (round seals), tablets, or clay lumps attached to boxes, jars, or door bolts-the scene would appear in relief a type of sculpture in which the subjects project from the background, easily legible.

Question 833

juvenile

Answer 833

adj. 1. relating to young people who are not yet adults - juvenile crime/employment 2. relating to young birds and animals - Lower birth rates, low juvenile survivorship, and low growth rates follow, so there is a corresponding decline in hare abundance.

Question 834

hare

Answer 834

n. an animal like a large rabbit with very strong back legs, that can run very fast - The preferred foods of snowshoe hares are willow and birch twigs.

Question 835

conjunction

Answer 835

n. 1. 連接詞 2. a combination of different things that have come together by chance - Thus, both factors can affect the cycle, which, in practice, seems to be generated by the conjunction of the two factors.

Question 836

mollusk

Answer 836

n. /ˈmɑː.ləsk/ 軟體動物 - For example, sea stars prey on a variety of bivalve mollusks and prevent these bivalves from monopolizing habitats on the seafloor.

Question 837

in a different light

Answer 837

in a different way - Oh . . . That doesn’t sound . . . I mean, being a waiter, I get to see a lot of the professors, like, in a different light.

Question 838

permafrost

Answer 838

n. /ˈpɜːrməfrɔːst/ permanent + frost a layer of soil that is permanently frozen, in very cold regions of the world - Geologists think that this fluidized ejecta crater indicates that a layer of permafrost, or water ice, lies just a few meters under the surface.

Question 839

transient

Answer 839

adj. /ˈtrænʃnt/, /ˈtrænziənt/ 1. continuing for only a short time ( syn: fleeting, temporary ) - You know, one of the challenges for people who study theater is to find ways of talking about something that’s really so transient, about something that in a sense, doesn’t exist. 2. staying or working in a place for only a short time, before moving on - a city with a large transient population

Question 840

intermediary

Answer 840

n. a person or an organization that helps other people or organizations to make an agreement by being a means of communication between them - First, Venice's intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea, where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties, were lost to direct trading.

Question 841

oar

Answer 841

n. a long pole with a flat part at one end that is used for rowing a boat - the galley is a large ship propelled by oars.

Question 842

draft

Answer 842

1. the draft: the practice of ordering people by law to join the armed forces - He avoided the draft because of a foot injury. 2. the system by which sports teams in the US choose new young players at the beginning of each season - the NBA draft

Question 843

caravan

Answer 843

1. a vehicle that a car can pull and in which people can live and sleep when they are on holiday ( syn: trailer ) 2. a painted wooden vehicle that is pulled by a horse and in which people live 3. a group of people with animals or vehicles who travel together for safety, especially through a desert - a caravan of trucks/cars/vehicles - The Portuguese Vasco da Gama's voyage around southern Africa to India took place at the end of the fifteenth century, and by 1502 the trans-Arabian caravan route had been cut off by political unrest.

Question 844

contemporary

Answer 844

n. someone who lived or was in a particular place at the same time as someone else - A contemporary of Shakespeare (1564–1616) observed that the productivity of Italian shipping had declined, compared with that of the British, because of conservatism and loss of expertise. Moreover, Italian sailors were deserting and emigrating, and captains, no longer recruited from the ranks of nobles, were weak on navigation. adj. 1. MODERN: belonging to the present time - contemporary dance/music 2. happening or done in the same period of time - The wall hangings are thought to be roughly contemporary with the tiled floors.

Question 845

proclaim

Answer 845

1. to publicly and officially tell people about something important ( syn: declare ) - Scholars once proclaimed that the agricultural revolution was a great leap forward for humanity. - The president proclaimed a state of emergency. - Despite its proclamation of the equality of all man, the imagined order established by the American in 1776 also established a hierarchy. 2. to show something clearly; to be a sign of something - This building, more than any other, proclaims the character of the town. - His boyish looks seemed to proclaim his inexperience.

Question 846

elusive

Answer 846

adj. difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember - The fungi were far too elusive, the giant beasts too ferocious. - She managed to get an interview with that elusive man. - She enjoys a firm reputation in this country but wider international success has been elusive. 3. an elusive idea or quality is difficult to describe or understand - For me, the poem has an elusive quality.

Question 847

herald

Answer 847

v. 1. to be a sign of something that is going to come or happen soon - A flash of lightning _____ torrential rain. - Flashing blue lights _____ the arrival of the police. - Rather than _____ a new era of easy living, the Agricultural Revolution left farmers with lives generally more difficult and less satisfying than those of forages. 2. to say publicly that someone or something will be good or important be heralded as something - When it opened, the hospital was _____ as a new way forward in nursing care.

Question 848

culprit

Answer 848

n. /ˈkʌlprɪt/ 1. the person who is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong - Police finally managed to catch the culprit. 2. the reason for a particular problem or difficulty - The culprits were a handful of plant species, including wheat, rice and potatoes. - High production costs are the main culprit.

Question 849

from dawn to dusk

Answer 849

from early morning until early evening - Within a couple of millennia, humans in many parts of the world were doing little from dawn to dusk other than taking care of wheat plants.

Question 850

subsistence

Answer 850

n. the condition of only just having enough money or food to stay alive - The loss of pasture land to raiding neighbors could mean the difference between subsistence and starvation, so there was much less room for compromise. - Wildlife trafficking is not subsistence hunting. - Many of the families are forced to live at the subsistence level. - subsistence farming/agriculture: farming that produces just enough food for the farmer to live on, but does not produce enough food to sell to other people - subsistence allowance/payment: money that is paid to someone so that they can buy meals, pay for a place to stay etc

Question 851

puberty

Answer 851

n. the stage of physical development during which you change from a child to an adult and are able to have children - In good times females reach puberty earlier, and their chances of getting pregnant are a bit higher.

Question 852

mutilate

Answer 852

v. 1. to severely and violently damage someone’s body, especially by cutting or removing part of it - Since the pigs cannot find food or even find their way around without sniffing, this mutilation makes them completely dependent on their human owners. - The prisoners had been tortured and mutilated. - extra protection for mental patients who might mutilate themselves 2. to damage or change something so much that it is completely spoiled - The sculpture was badly mutilated in the late eighteenth century.

Question 853

contemplative

Answer 853

adj. 1. thinking quietly and seriously about something - She was in a contemplative mood. 2. spending time thinking deeply about religious matters - the contemplative life (= life in a religious community)

Question 854

undefined

Answer 854

adj. not made clear or definite - Now, the undefined background also shows how Cecilia Beaux was influenced by the French Impressionists, who believed—like Beaux—in a personal rather than conventional approach to their subject matter.

Question 855

term

Answer 855

1. used to describe which particular area of a subject you are discussing - Femininity is still defined in terms of beauty. - It’s a mistake to think of Florida only in terms of its tourist attractions. 2. WORD: a word or expression with a particular meaning, especially one that is used for a specific subject or type of language - Journalists were told in no uncertain terms that they were not welcome. 3. PERIOD OF TIME: a fixed period of time during which someone does something or something happens - The mayor was coming to the end of his term in office. 4. SCHOOL/UNIVERSITY: especially British English one of the periods of time that the school or university year is divided into. In Britain, there are usually three terms in a year. → half-term, semester, quarter - Teachers often feel overworked in term time (=during the term).

Question 856

potable

Answer 856

adj. potable water is safe to drink (=drinkable) - Most of the world's potable water — freshwater suitable for drinking — is accounted for by groundwater.

Question 857

antler

Answer 857

n. one of the two horns of a male deer - A male deer makes a buck rub by stripping the bark (outer layer) of a small tree with its antlers. - velvet antler

Question 858

olfactory

Answer 858

n. connected with the sense of smell - These odors make buck rubs an important means of olfactory communication between deer. - Even at our elephant's young age, her trunk is already 1.5 meters long and contains five times as many olfactory receptors as a human nose.

Question 859

buck

Answer 859

n. 1. a US, Canadian, or Australian dollar 2. a male rabbit, deer, and some other male animals - Buck Rubs and Buck Scrapes - A male deer makes a buck rub by stripping the bark (outer layer) of a small tree with its antlers.

Question 860

be indicative of

Answer 860

adj. to be a clear sign that a particular situation exists or that something is likely to be true - This behavior is indicative of her whole attitude, I’m afraid. - Thus, the presence of many well-marked rubs is indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity rather than simply being a crude measure of relative deer abundance in a given area.

Question 861

trumpet

Answer 861

v. 1. to tell everyone about something that you are proud of, especially in an annoying way - They are proudly trumpeting the fact that they are creating more jobs. 2. if an elephant trumpets, it makes a loud noise - The information conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub makes it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk. n. 號角；喇叭

Question 862

osmosis

Answer 862

n. /ɑːzˈməʊsɪs/ 1. 滲透壓 - Typically the process of osmosis works... well ...When water moves through the wall of a plant cell, it will move from the side containing water with the lowest amount of salt into the side containing the highest amount of salt. 2, the way in which ideas and information gradually spread between people - The children were never taught the songs, they just listened to other children singing them and learned them by osmosis. - Reading is not picked up by a process of osmosis, but needs to be taught.

Question 863

enliven

Answer 863

v. /ɪnˈlaɪvən/ to make something more interesting or more fun ( syn: liven up ) - Humour can help enliven a dull subject. - A heated debate has enlivened recent studies of evolution. Darwin's original thesis, and the viewpoint supported by evolutionary gradualists, is that species change continuously but slowly and in small increments.

Question 864

punctuate

Answer 864

v. /ˈpʌŋktʃueɪt/ 1. to divide written work into sentences, phrases, etc using commas, full stops, etc 2. to interrupt something, especially when this is repeated - The silence was occasionally punctuated by laughter. - In 1972 paleontologists Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge challenged conventional wisdom with an opposing viewpoint, the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis, which posits that species give rise to new species in relatively sudden bursts, without a lengthy transition period.

Question 865

posit

Answer 865

v. to suggest that a particular idea should be accepted as a fact - He posited that each planet moved in a perfect circle. - In 1972 paleontologists Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge challenged conventional wisdom with an opposing viewpoint, the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis, which posits that species give rise to new species in relatively sudden bursts, without a lengthy transition period.

Question 866

jerky

Answer 866

adj. jerky movements are rough, with many starts and stops ( OPP: smooth ) - The disease causes sudden jerky movements of the hands and legs. - The four-toed Eohippus preceded the three-toed Miohippus, for example, but North American fossil evidence suggests a jerky, uneven transition between the two.

Question 867

exhaustive

Answer 867

adj. ***compare following vocabulary exhausted, exhaustive, exhaustible extremely thorough and complete - an exhaustive study/report - Similar exhaustive studies are required for many different kinds of organisms from many different periods.

Question 868

once in a while

Answer 868

from time to time; occasionally. | - We like to eat out at a nice restaurant once in a while.

Question 869

to some extent

Answer 869

to some degree; in some amount; partly. - Your essay would be improved to some extent by tidying up your paragraphs, but your topic on the whole has some fundamental problems. - I've solved this problem to some extent.

Question 870

beneficiary

Answer 870

n. 受益人 someone who gets advantages from an action or change - The rich were the main beneficiaries of the tax cuts. - He was the chief beneficiary of his father’s will. - Now scientists have tended to, uh, regard the, um, agricultural revolution as a beneficiary of the, uh, fortuitous shift in climate.

Question 871

fortuitous

Answer 871

adj. /fɔːrˈtuː.ə.t̬əs/ happening by chance, especially in a way that has a good result - The meeting with Jack was fortuitous. - Now scientists have tended to, uh, regard the, um, agricultural revolution as a beneficiary of the, uh, fortuitous shift in climate.

Question 872

uncharted

Answer 872

adj. not marked on a map; that has not been visited or investigated before - uncharted waters/territory/area

Question 873

panel

Answer 873

n. 1. GROUP OF PEOPLE: a small group of people chosen to give advice, make a decision, or publicly discuss their opinions as entertainment - Good. First, a panel of professors reviews the applications for the grant, and then they decide on which research projects should be funded. - A panel of experts has looked at the proposal. - There will be at least three senior doctors on the panel. - a judging panel - She is a member of the medical advisory panel. 2. PIECE OF SOMETHING: a flat piece of wood, glass, etc with straight sides, which forms part of a door, wall, fence, etc - a stained glass panel - One of the door panels was badly damaged and had to be replaced. - A skirt made of six panels

Question 874

eligible

Answer 874

adj. 1. someone who is eligible for something is able or allowed to do it, for example, because they are the right age - The student’s eligibility to graduate next semester - Over 500,000 18-year-olds will become eligible to vote this year. - Are you eligible for early retirement/maternity leave? 2. an eligible man or woman would be good to marry because they are rich, attractive, and not married - Stephen was regarded as an eligible bachelor.

Question 875

monetary

Answer 875

adj. /ˈmɑːnɪteri/ connected with money, especially all the money in a country - monetary policy/growth - in-depth research often requires monetary support.

Question 876

camouflage

Answer 876

n. /ˈkæməflɑːʒ/ 1. a way of hiding something, especially soldiers and military equipment, by using paint, leaves etc to make it look like the things around it - soldiers learning camouflage technique 2. the type of green and brown clothes, paint etc that soldiers wear to make themselves more difficult to see - The men were dressed in camouflage and carrying automatic weapons. 3. the way that the colour or shape of an animal protects it by making it difficult to see in the area in which it lives - So one of its adaptations is basically camouflage. 4. behaviour that is designed to hide something - Aggression is often a camouflage for insecurity

Question 877

outrun

Answer 877

v. to run faster or further/develop quickly than someone else - It can outrun its predators in deep snow. - The company’s spending was outrunning its income.

Question 878

syntax

Answer 878

n. 句法

Question 879

phonology

Answer 879

n. 語音學 | the study of sounds in a particular language or in languages generally

Question 880

semantics

Answer 880

n. the study of meanings in a language - Syntax describes the rules by which words can be combined into sentences, while semantics describes what they mean.

Question 881

graphically

Answer 881

1. in the form of drawings or diagrams - This data is shown graphically on the opposite page. 2. very clearly and in great detail ( = vividly ) - The effects of such competition are graphically demonstrated when all the animals or all the plants in an ecosystem come into competition, as happened 2 million years ago at the end of the Pliocene, when North and South America became joined by the Isthmus of Panama.

Question 882

extermination

Answer 882

n. the act of killing all the members of a group of people or animals - the extermination of rats and other vermin - The result was the extermination of a large fraction of the South American mammals, which were apparently unable to withstand the competition from invading North American species-although added predation was also an important factor. - The extermination of the wolf from most of the contiguous United States may have been a critical factor in the raccoon's expansion and numerical increase. - If weeds and wild animal persisted, their human antagonists( =opponent ) sought ways to exterminate them.

Question 883

biotic

Answer 883

adj. of or related to living things - Indeed, it may be for any of the factors, physical as well as biotic, that are essential for organisms.

Question 884

extent

Answer 884

adj. 1. how large, important, serious, etc. something such as a problem or injury - To what extent competition determines the composition of a community and the density of particular species has been the source of considerable controversy. - He refused to reveal the full extent of his debts. - Rescue workers still do not know the true extent of the disaster. 2. the physical size of an area - You can't see the full extent of the beach from here. - The island is 300 square kilometers in extent.

Question 885

predation

Answer 885

n. the act of an animal killing and eating other animals - Together with predation, it is the most important density-dependent factor in regulating population growth. - All these spikes evolved originally as a way of preventing predation by larger fish.

Question 886

renew

Answer 886

v. 1. to arrange for an agreement or official document to continue for a further period of time - renew somebody’s contract/licence/membership - I need to renew my passport this year. 2. to begin doing something again after a period of not doing it ( = resume ) - Local people have renewed their efforts to save the school. 3. REPLACE: to remove something that is old or broken and put a new one in its place - The window frames need to be renewed. 4. to arrange to borrow a library book for a further period of time - Then the person who requested it won't be able to renew it, and you'll get it back quickly.

Question 887

comical

Answer 887

adj. funny, especially because it is strange or silly - Ok, the third main kind of folktale is the comical story.

Question 888

body of work

Answer 888

the total output of a writer or artist | - To emphasize a distinctive feature of Neel’s body of work

Question 889

meager

Answer 889

adj. /ˈmiːɡər/ a meagre amount of food, money etc is too small and is much less than you need ( opp: substantial ) - a meagre diet of bread and beans - He supplements his meager income by working on Saturdays. - meager income/wages/earnings

Question 890

attain

Answer 890

v. 1. to succeed in achieving something after trying for a long time - More women are attaining positions of power. 2. to reach a particular level, age, size etc - Share prices attained a high of $3.27. - After a year she had attained her ideal weight.

Question 891

plough

Answer 891

n. /plaʊ/ = plow a piece of farm equipment used to turn over the earth so that seeds can be planted - They cut down forests, dug canals, cleared fields, built houses, ploughed furrows, and was often fenced off by walls and hedges. - A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds, whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has been compacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.

Question 892

granary

Answer 892

n. /ˈɡrænəri/ a place where grain, especially wheat, is stored - People could not abandon their houses, fields, and granaries without grave risk of loss.

Question 893

zenith

Answer 893

n. /ˈziːnɪθ/ 1. the highest point that the sun or moon reaches in the sky, directly above you - The sun rose towards its zenith. 2. the time when something is strongest and most successful - The rock band was at the zenith of its creative powers. - The Roman Empire at its zenith collected taxes from up to 100 million subjects.

Question 894

burgeon

Answer 894

v. /ˈbɜːrdʒən/ to grow or develop quickly - The peasants paid for the burgeoning cooperation networks with their precious food surpluses, despairing when the tax collector wiped out an entire year of hard labour with a single stroke of his imperial pen. - the burgeoning market for digital cameras - A new wave of running clubs have burgeoned over the past decade. - Manufacturers are keen to cash in on this burgeoning demand.

Question 895

commoner

Answer 895

n. /ˈkɒmənə/ a person who does not come from a royal or noble family - If he should blind the eye of a commoner or break the bone of a commoner, he shall weigh and deliver 60 shekels of silver.

Question 896

a figment of somebody's imagination

Answer 896

something that you imagine is real, but does not exist - It is easy for us to accept that the division of people into 'superiors' and 'commoners' is a figment of the imagination.

Question 897

cynical

Answer 897

adj. /ˈsɪnɪkl/ 1. believing that people only do things to help themselves rather than for good or honest reasons - a cynical view/smile - Do you have to be so cynical about everything? - It is quiet common to argue that the elite may do so out of cynical greed. 2. not believing that something good will happen or that something is important - I'm a bit cynical about the benefits of the plan. - I'm a little cynical about her motives.

Question 898

emanate

Answer 898

v. to express a quality or feeling through the way that you look and behave - Somebody growing up in such a space cannot help but imagine himself 'an individual', his true worth emanating from within rather than from without. - He emanates tranquility.

Question 899

indignity

Answer 899

n. a situation that makes you feel very ashamed and not respected - Being laughed at was a horrible indignity. - They were subjected to various indignities and discomforts, including having to get dressed and undressed in public.

Question 900

aristocrat

Answer 900

n. /əˈrɪstəkræt/ a member of the aristocracy: people born in the highest social class, who have special titles - The ancient Chinese believed that when the goddess Nu Wa created humans from earth, she kneaded aristocrats from fine yellow soil, whereas commoners were formed from brown mud.

Question 901

vicious

Answer 901

adj. 1. violent and cruel ( syn: brutal ) - a vicious attack - a vicious criminal 2. (of animals) aggressive and dangerous - a vicious dog 3. (of an attack, criticism, etc.) full of hate and anger - She wrote me a vicious letter. - The newspapers launched a vicious attack on him, forcing him to resign. 4. very bad or severe - a vicious headache - a vicious spiral of rising prices - A similar vicious circle perpetuated the racial hierarchy in modern America.

Question 902

attendant

Answer 902

1. a person whose job is to serve or help people in a public place - a cloakroom/parking/museum attendant - Pool attendants kept a constant watch on the swimmers. 2. someone who looks after a very important person, for example a king or queen 3. relating to or caused by something - attendant problems/difficulties/dangers - nuclear power, with all its attendant risks - The Hindu caste system and its attendant laws of purity became deeply embedded in Indian caste.

Question 903

permissive

Answer 903

adj. allowing or showing a freedom of behaviour that many people do not approve of, especially in sexual matters - permissive parents (= who allow their children a lot of freedom) - permissive attitudes

Question 904

rye

Answer 904

n. 裸麥 - rye bread - rye whiskey - Indian grass, Canada wild rye, and native big bluestem all grew higher than a person.

Question 905

hay

Answer 905

n. 乾草 | - Tame grasses replaced native grasses in pastures for making hay.

Question 906

sod

Answer 906

n. /sɑːd/ soil or ground - In 1837, however, John Deere patented a sharp-cutting steel plow that sliced through the sod without soil sticking to the blade.

Question 907

clamor

Answer 907

v. /ˈklæmər/ 1. a very loud noise made by a large group of people or animals - They’re clamoring for the mother’s attention, sort of squeaking, and practically saying, “Don’t forget about me!” - He shouted over the rising clamour of voices. 2. the expression of feelings of anger and shock by a large number of people – used especially in news reports - People began to clamour for his resignation.

Question 908

kick in

Answer 908

1. to start or to begin to have an effect - Another thing would be, ah, if a hatchling gets separated from the rest of its family. Once the others get far enough away, its survival instinct kicks in. 2. to give your share of money or help - Bill never wants to kick in. - We were each asked to kick in 50 cents toward the cost.

Question 909

mess with

Answer 909

1. to get involved with someone or something that may cause problems or be dangerous - She’s never too far away, an-and I think— I mean, would you mess with a mother crocodile? 2. to deceive someone or cause trouble for them - You mess with me, and I’ll rip your head off.

Question 910

on back order

Answer 910

requested for a future time when it or they will be available to buy - "We have dozens of copies on backorder". said the bookshop manager. - She said the masks are on backorder and may not arrive for some time.

Question 911

viable

Answer 911

adj. 1. a viable idea, plan, or method can work successfully - viable alternative/proposition/option - economically/commercially/financially viable - Will a hotel here be financially viable? - Now, assisted migration could become a viable part of our rescue strategy, but there are a number of uncertainties and risks. 2. able to continue to live or to develop into a living thing - viable seeds - Many forest plants seem to exhibit the latter adaptation, and viable seeds of pioneer species can be found in large numbers on some forest floors. - And since these bulbs remain viable for quite a long time, even out of the ground, they can be stored-or transported long distances-without much of a problem... which helps explain the spread of tulip cultivation.

Question 912

ameliorate

Answer 912

v. /əˈmiːliəreɪt/ to make better something that was bad or not good enough - This is particularly important for species that colonize an environment where there is no existing vegetation to ameliorate climatic extremes and in which there may be great climatic diversity. - Steps have been taken to ameliorate the situation.

Question 913

pension

Answer 913

n. an amount of money paid regularly by the government or company to someone who does not work anymore, for example, because they have reached the age when people stop working or because they are ill - At what age can you start drawing( =receive ) your pension? - Many people find it hard to live on a basic state pension. v. pension something/someone off 1. to make someone leave their job when they are old or ill, and pay them a pension - These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted. - Not everyone wants to be pensioned off at 65. 2. to get rid of something because it is old or not useful anymore - Many of the old ships have been pensioned off.

Question 914

entice

Answer 914

v. /ɪnˈtaɪs/ to persuade someone to do something or go somewhere, usually by offering them something that they want ( syn: persuade ) entice into/away/from - The bargain prices are expected to entice customers away from other stores. - a plan to entice mothers back to work - Their sons were enticed away to schools for district officers, later to be posted in some faraway province. entice somebody/something to do something - Our special offers are intended to entice people to buy.

Question 915

census

Answer 915

n. 1. an official process of counting a country’s population and finding out about the people - According to the government's first census of the rural population, taken in 1905, there were about thirty thousand villages in Siam. 2. an official process of counting something for government planning - She was stopped in her car for a traffic census.

Question 916

disperse

Answer 916

v. 1. if a group of people disperse or are dispersed, they go away in different directions - The rural population both dispersed and grew, and was probably less homogeneous and more mobile than it had been a generation earlier. - Police used tear gas to disperse the crowd. 2. if something disperses or is dispersed, it spreads in different directions over a wide area - The clouds dispersed as quickly as they had gathered.

Question 917

deed

Answer 917

n. 1. something someone does, especially something that is very good or very bad - After the morning’s good deeds he deserved a rest. - She tried to strangle her baby and her lover helped her finish the evil deed. 2. an official paper that is a record of an agreement, especially an agreement concerning who owns property - Provincial police began to appear, along with district officers and cattle registration and land deeds and registration for compulsory military service.

Question 918

course

Answer 918

n. TIME: a period of time or process during which something happens - During the course of our conversation, it emerged that Bob had been in prison. - Over the course of the Fifth Reign (1868–1910), the ties that bound rural people to the aristocracy and local ruling elites were greatly reduced.

Question 919

compulsory

Answer 919

adj. something that is compulsory must be done because it is the law or because someone in authority orders you to - 11 years of compulsory education - Car insurance is compulsory. - Provincial police began to appear, along with district officers and cattle registration and land deeds and registration for compulsory military service.

Question 920

mean

Answer 920

v. 1. SHOW SOMETHING IS TRUE/WILL HAPPEN: to be a sign that something is true or will happen - Finding a lump does not necessarily mean you have cancer. - As well as can be measured, rural standards of living improved in the Fifth Reign. But the statistical averages mean little when measured against the harsh realities of peasant life. n. means ( 單複數都是means!!! ) 1. METHOD: a way of doing or achieving something - If colonizers produce short-lived reproductive propagules, then they must produce very large numbers unless they have an efficient means of dispersal to suitable new habitats. - Do you have any means of identification? - I had no means of telling him I would be late. 2. MONEY: the money or income that you have - Paying for your children to go to a private school is beyond the means of most people. - Try to live within your means (=only spending what you can afford).

Question 921

colony

Answer 921

n. 1. a country or area that is under the political control of a more powerful country, usually one that is far away 2. a group of people who are similar in some way and who live together, or the place where they live - the artist colony 3. a group of animals or plants of the same type that are living or growing together - They generally nest in trees and live in colonies made up of hundreds to thousands of workers.

Question 922

nectar

Answer 922

n. 1. the sweet liquid that bees collect from flowers - Stingless bees are abundant in tropical and subtropical environments, where they gather nectar and pollen from a wide variety of flowers. 2. thick juice made from particular fruit - mango nectar 3. the drink of the gods, in the stories of ancient Greece - This wine tastes like nectar (= tastes excellent).

Question 923

protracted

Answer 923

adj. used to describe something that continues for a long time, especially if it takes longer than usual, necessary, or expected ( =lengthy ) - Fights may be escalated into protracted battles. - protracted negotiations/discussions/debate etc

Question 924

swarm

Answer 924

n. 1. a large group of insects, especially bees, moving together - The workers from the two colonies faced off in two swarms and displayed and fought with each other. 2. a crowd of people who are moving quickly - swarm of: Swarms of tourists jostled through the square.

Question 925

sell sb on sth

Answer 925

to persuade someone to buy something or give support to an idea - We were able to sell him on the idea by promising there’d be a nice-sized crowd. - Distributors are trained to sell consumers on the idea that these products are a necessary part of their safety system.

Question 926

legwork

Answer 926

difficult or boring work that takes a lot of time and effort but is necessary - But the French Department is funding this … on the condition that we do all the legwork.

Question 927

delineate

Answer 927

v. 1. to describe or draw something carefully so that people can understand it - The document delineates your rights and your obligations. - Thus, many species have evolved clear signals to delineate playfulness. 2. to make the borders between two areas very clear - The boundaries of these areas should be clearly delineated.

Question 928

outweigh

Answer 928

v. to be more important or valuable than something else - The benefits of the scheme outweigh the disadvantages. - The benefits of play must outweigh the costs, or play would not have evolved, according to Darwin's theory.

Question 929

to say nothing of

Answer 929

and in addition, there is - Sun clocks worked, of course, only on clear days; water clocks misbehaved when the temperature fell toward freezing, to say nothing of long-run drift as the result of sedimentation and clogging.

Question 930

discrepancy

Answer 930

n. a difference between two amounts, details, reports etc that should be the same - Police found discrepancies in the two men’s reports. - All this was compatible with older devices so long as there was only one authoritative timekeeper; but with urban growth and the multiplication of time signals, discrepancy brought discord and strife.

Question 931

discord

Answer 931

n. disagreement; arguing - marital/family discord - The contrasts between rich and poor nations are a source of discord. - All this was compatible with older devices so long as there was only one authoritative timekeeper; but with urban growth and the multiplication of time signals, discrepancy brought discord and strife.

Question 932

strife

Answer 932

n. violent or angry disagreement ( syn: conflict ) - ethnic/religious/civil strife - All this was compatible with older devices so long as there was only one authoritative timekeeper; but with urban growth and the multiplication of time signals, discrepancy brought discord and strife.

Question 933

pilgrimage

Answer 933

n. /ˈpɪlɡrəmɪdʒ/ 1. a journey to a holy place for religious reasons - The Camino de Santiago Pilgrimage 2. a journey to a place connected with someone or something famous - Tourists came to see and hear these machines the way they made pilgrimages to sacred relics. - His grave has become a place of pilgrimage.

Question 934

relic

Answer 934

n. 1. an object, a tradition, a system, etc. that has survived from the past - The building stands as the last remaining relic of the town's cotton industry. - Tourists came to see and hear these machines the way they made pilgrimages to sacred relics. 2. a part of the body or clothing of a holy person, or something that they owned, that is kept after their death and respected as a religious object - holy relic

Question 935

ration

Answer 935

v. 1. to control the supply of something because there is not enough - Fuel was rationed during the war. 2. to allow someone only a small amount of something - diets which ration fat - He rationed himself to 4 cigarettes a day. - And then the new cities and towns, squeezed by their walls, had to know and order time in order to organize collective activity and ration space.

Question 936

last resort

Answer 936

the only choice that remains after all others have been tried - As a last resort, we could ask your mother to help.

Question 937

endotherm

Answer 937

n. warm-blooded animal - It is now widely believed that at least some species of dinosaurs had a metabolic rate high enough for them to be endotherms (animals that maintain a relatively consistent body temperature by generating heat internally).

Question 938

conifer

Answer 938

n. /ˈkɑː.nə.fɚ/ 針葉樹 - Among plants, the K-T boundary saw a sharp but brief rise in the abundance of primitive vascular plants such as ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and conifers and other gymnosperms.

Question 939

vascular

Answer 939

adj. /ˈvæs.kjə.lɚ/ relating to the tubes through which liquids flow in the bodies of animals or in plants - vascular disease - a vascular surgeon - Among plants, the K-T boundary saw a sharp but brief rise in the abundance of primitive vascular plants such as ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and conifers and other gymnosperms.

Question 940

ectotherm

Answer 940

n. cold-blooded animal - For many years scientists assumed that a cooling of the climate was responsible, with dinosaurs being particularly vulnerable because, like modern reptiles, they were ectothermic (dependent on environmental heat, or cold-blooded).

Question 941

come into the picture

Answer 941

to become involved in something | - That’s where topography comes into the picture.

Question 942

undue

Answer 942

v. /ʌnˈduː/ more than you think is reasonable or necessary ( syn: excessive ) - The work should be carried out without undue delay. - We did not want to put any undue pressure on them. - This critique generated, I think, some undue rivalry between ballet and modern dance.

Question 943

indefinite

Answer 943

adj. 1. without clear limits - The picture has been loaned for an indefinite period to the National Gallery. - However, no group or species can maintain its dominance indefinitely, and when, after over 200 million years, the age of dinosaurs came to a dramatic end about 65 million years ago, mammals began to flourish, evolving from relatively few types of small terrestrial animals into the myriad of diverse species, including bats and whales, that we know today. 2. not clear or exact ( syn: vague ) - Teachers find the report’s terminology so indefinite that it is confusing.

Question 944

have a handle on it

Answer 944

to understand and be able to deal with (something) | - I don’t know yet … but you seem to have a handle on it.

Question 945

rivalry

Answer 945

n. /ˈraɪvlri/ a state in which two people, companies, etc. are competing for the same thing - political rivalries - This critique generated, I think, some undue rivalry between ballet and modern dance.

Question 946

excruciating

Answer 946

adj. /ɪkˈskruːʃieɪtɪŋ/ extremely painful or bad - The pain in my back was excruciating. - He rolled on the floor in excruciating agony. - The process is painful, but not excruciating. - After seeing this, Duncan publicly denounced ballet as a form of acrobatics— a “complicated and excruciating mechanism,” she called it.

Question 947

acrobatic

Answer 947

n. 雜技 - After seeing this, Duncan publicly denounced ballet as a form of acrobatics— a “complicated and excruciating mechanism,” she called it.

Question 948

denounce

Answer 948

v. 1. CRITICIZE: to criticize something or someone strongly and publicly - After seeing this, Duncan publicly denounced ballet as a form of acrobatics— a “complicated and excruciating mechanism,” she called it. - She publicly denounced the government's handling of the crisis. 2. ACCUSE: to accuse someone publicly of being something that is bad or wrong - His former colleagues have denounced him as a spy.

Question 949

pantomime

Answer 949

n. /ˈpæntəmaɪm/ a type of play with music, dancing and jokes, that is based on a fairy tale and is usually performed at Christmas - Some said Duncan’s art form was closer to pantomime than to dance.

Question 950

tunic

Answer 950

n. 長袍 - And instead of the short stiff skirts and rigid toe shoes worn by ballerinas, Duncan wore loose, flowing tunics, and she danced barefoot.

Question 951

recital

Answer 951

n. /rɪˈsaɪtl/ 1. a public performance of music or poetry, usually given by one person or a small group - to give a piano recital 2. a spoken description of a series of events, etc. that is often long and boring - They both launched into a recital of their misfortunes.

Question 952

predecessor

Answer 952

n. /ˈpred.ə.ses.ɚ/ someone who had a job or a position before someone else, or something that comes before another thing in time or in a series - Compared to their classical predecessors, these newer art forms are freer, more experimental, more improvisational. - This computer has a larger memory than its predecessor.

Question 953

bursa

Answer 953

n. /ˈbɜːrsə/ pl. bursae /ˈbɜːrsiː/ = sac

Question 954

rebellion

Answer 954

n. 1. an attempt by some of the people in a country to change their government, using violence - The north of the country rose in rebellion against the government. - But, her style was a clear rebellion against ballet, and ballet is extremely important in Russia. 2. opposition to authority within an organization, a political party, etc. - Some members are in rebellion against proposed cuts in spending.

Question 955

improvisation

Answer 955

n. /ɪmˌprɑːvəˈzeɪʃn/ the act of inventing music, the words in a play, a statement, etc. while you are playing or speaking, instead of planning it in advance; something that is invented in this way - jazz improvisation - Compared to their classical predecessors, these newer art forms are freer, more experimental, more improvisational.

Question 956

intangible

Answer 956

adj. /ɪnˈtæn.dʒə.bəl/ an intangible feeling or quality exists but you cannot describe it exactly or prove it - The island has an intangible quality of holiness. - intangible products 無形的 - intangible assets such as customer goodwill - Modern dance seeks to show how deep emotions…and the music itself… how these intangible attributes can affect and inspire physical movement and how movement can convey emotions to the audience. - She has that intangible quality which you might call charisma.

Question 957

acoustical

Answer 957

adj. related to sound or to the sense of hearing - And this fat tissue has some rather fascinating acoustical properties.

Question 958

nasal

Answer 958

``` adj. /ˈneɪzl/ related to the nose - a nasal spray - nasal congestion - the nasal cavity - nasal accent ```

Question 959

pouch

Answer 959

1. a small bag, usually made of leather, and often carried in a pocket or attached to a belt - a tobacco pouch - She kept her money in a pouch around her neck. 2. a pocket of skin on the stomach of some female marsupial /mɑːrˈsuːpiəl/ 3. a pocket of skin in the cheeks (= sides of the face below the eyes) of some animals, such as hamsters, in which they store food - Now the melon is kind of a large sac-like pouch made up of fat tissue.

Question 960

oversight

Answer 960

n. 1. MISTAKE: the fact of making a mistake because you forget to do something or you do not notice something - I didn't mean to leave her name off the list; it was an oversight. - You can never entirely eliminate human error and oversight. 2. RESPONSIBILITY: the state of being in charge of somebody/something 監管; 監察 - Who has oversight of genetic testing? - Assisted migration really needs this level of oversight—and soon.

Question 961

sac

Answer 961

n. = bursa , bursae a part inside the body of a person, an animal or a plant, that is like a bag in shape, has thin skin around it, and contains liquid or air - But the one we're concerned with today is the rapid clicks that they use for echolocation, so they can sense what is around them these sounds, it's been found, are produced in the air-filled nasal sacs of the dolphin.

Question 962

dean

Answer 962

n. a person in a university who is in charge of a department of studies 系主任；學院院長 - I’m just filling out this approval-for-graduation form for the dean’s office and, I don’t know … I hope I’ll be able to graduate next semester. - I've got a note from the dean approving the whole situation.

Question 963

hog

Answer 963

v. to take or use more than your share of something - Like a nonnative plant that chokes out native plants by hogging the nutrients in the soil.

Question 964

maverick

Answer 964

adj. /ˈmævərɪk/ independent, with unusual opinions 特立獨行 - a maverick film director - But I and many other biologists will be watching very closely how this maverick group makes out because, like I said, there could be unintended consequences.

Question 965

let nature take its course

Answer 965

to allow something to happen without trying to control it | - So, perhaps you’re wondering: Why not let nature take its course now?

Question 966

latitude

Answer 966

n. 緯度 - latitude vs longitude vs altitude - Translocating threatened species to a cooler place, to higher latitudes or higher elevations, for example.

Question 967

charcoal

Answer 967

coal → 挖出來的碳 | charcoal → 燒過的木頭的碳

Question 968

well-preserved

Answer 968

not showing many signs of age; kept in good condition | - a well-preserved Neolithic burial chamber

Question 969

indispensable

Answer 969

adj. too important to be without (syn: essential) - Cars have become an indispensable part of our lives. - This was a truly amazing expansion. Once scarce and expensive, iron became cheap, basic, and indispensable to the economy.

Question 970

bellow

Answer 970

v. to shout in a loud voice, or (of a cow or large animal) to make a loud, deep sound - The use of powerful, steam-driven bellows in blast furnaces helped iron makers switch over rapidly from limited charcoal to unlimited coke (which is made from coal) in the smelting of pig iron (the process of refining impure iron) after 1770. - "Keep quiet!" the teacher bellowed across the room.

Question 971

ore

Answer 971

n. rock, earth, etc. from which metal can be obtained - iron/copper ore

Question 972

infestation

Answer 972

n. /ˌɪnfeˈsteɪʃn/ a large number of insects, rats, etc. living in a place where they are not wanted, often causing damage or disease - insect infestation - a flea infestation

Question 973

alteration

Answer 973

n. change - If it seems difficult to conceive how major changes could occur rapidly, consider this: an alteration of a single gene in flies is enough to turn a normal fly with a single pair of wings into one that has two pairs of wings.

Question 974

alternation

Answer 974

n. a situation in which one thing repeatedly happens or exists after another - day and night, summer and winter

Question 975

thrifty

Answer 975

adj. careful about spending money and not wasting things - He was brought up to be thrifty and never to get into debt. - They have plenty of money now, but they still tend to be thrifty.

Question 976

uphold

Answer 976

v. 1. to support something that you think is right and make sure that it continues to exist - We have a duty to uphold the law. - We are determined to uphold the law. 2. to agree that a previous decision was correct or that a request is reasonable - to uphold a conviction/an appeal/a complaint

Question 977

appeal

Answer 977

n. 1. a deeply felt request for money, help or information that is needed immediately, especially one made by a charity or by the police - The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm. 2. a quality that makes somebody/something attractive or interesting - The Beatles have never really lost their appeal. - The prospect of living in a city holds little appeal for me.

Question 978

trivial

Answer 978

adj. not important or serious; not worth considering - a trivial detail - I know it sounds trivial, but I'm worried about it.

Question 979

subterranean

Answer 979

adj. /ˌsʌbtəˈreɪniən/ under the ground - a subterranean cave - a subterranean river

Question 980

abyss

Answer 980

n. /əˈbɪs/ 1. a difficult situation that brings trouble or destruction - The country might plunge into the abyss of economic ruin. - At that time Bosnia was standing on the edge of an abyss. 2. a deep empty hole in the ground - The central implication of all these misconceptions was that nothing could live in the abyss (deep), just as Forbes's observations seemed to indicate. 3. a very big difference that separates two people or groups - the gaping abyss between these grand buildings and my own miserable home.

Question 981

speck

Answer 981

n. /spek/ a very small mark, piece, or amount - a speck of dust

Question 982

biographical

Answer 982

adj. telling the story of a person's life生平的 - You gave a great biographical sketch in the beginning.

Question 983

situate

Answer 983

v. to describe or consider something as being part of something else or related to something else - OK. But then as you get into his political philosophy, I don't think you've done enough to situate his philosophy within the time period. - The women have the opportunity to situate their own struggles in a wider historical context.

Question 984

bring something about

Answer 984

make something happen ( syn: cause ) | - How can we bring about a change in attitudes?

Question 985

devastate

Answer 985

v. 1. to make someone feel extremely shocked and sad - Rob was devastated by the news of her death. 2. to damage something very badly or completely - The city center was devastated by the bomb.

Question 986

preserve

Answer 986

v. 1. to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or being damaged or destroyed - to preserve the environment - the responsibility of the police to preserve the peace 2. to store food for a long time after treating it so that it will not decay - preserved fruit - oranges preserved in brandy

Question 987

unsubstantiated

Answer 987

adj. /ˌʌnsəbˈstænʃieɪtɪd/ not supported by facts ( syn: unsupported ) - an unsubstantiated allegation of child abuse

Question 988

dismal

Answer 988

adj. 1. if a situation or a place is dismal, it is so bad that it makes you feel very unhappy and hopeless - The future looks pretty dismal right now. - a dismal, grey afternoon 2. bad and unsuccessful - The team’s record so far is pretty dismal.

Question 989

directive

Answer 989

n. an official order or instruction 指令，命令 - The boss issued a directive about not using the fax machine.

Question 990

contaminate

Answer 990

v. /kənˈtæm.ə.neɪt/ to make something less pure or make it poisonous - Drinking water supplies are believed to have been contaminated. - He claims the poster ads have ‘contaminated Berlin’s streets’.

Question 991

tangle

Answer 991

v. 1. to become twisted together, or make something become twisted together, in an untidy mass - Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses. - His parachute became tangled in the wheels of the plane. 2. to argue or fight with someone - He was a self-opinionated, overbearing tyrant, and he was the last man she should want to tangle with.

Question 992

plunge

Answer 992

1. to move, fall, or be thrown suddenly forwards or downwards - With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. - Her car swerved and plunged off the cliff. - We ran down to the beach and plunged into the sea. 2. if a price, rate etc plunges, it suddenly decreases by a large amount - Oil prices have plunged to a new low. - In the recession, the company’s profits plunged 60%.

Question 993

surpass

Answer 993

v. to do or be better than somebody/something - He hopes one day to surpass the world record. - Its success has surpassed all expectations.

Question 994

representative

Answer 994

adj. /ˌrep.rɪˈzen.t̬ə.t̬ɪv/ 1. someone who speaks or does something officially for another person or group of people - The firm has representatives in every major city. 2. typical of, or the same as, others in a larger group of people or things - Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women. - The singer is regarded as a representative of the youth of her generation.

Question 995

chromatic

Answer 995

adj. /kroʊˈmæt̬.ɪk/ 1. relating to colors - Scientists studying optics and chromatics today still marvel at his finding 2. belonging or relating to a musical scale in which the notes follow each other in semitones 半音階 - the chromatic scale - chromatic harmonies

Question 996

degradation

Answer 996

n. /ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃn/ 1. the situation in which people are made to feel they have no value - the degradation of being sent to prison 2. the process of something being damaged or made worse - environmental degradation - It still fails to address the ongoing problem-the root causes of the degradation, which really is paramount to devising an effective solution.

Question 997

paramount

Answer 997

adj. /ˈpærəmaʊnt/ 1. more important than anything else - It still fails to address the ongoing problem-the root causes of the degradation, which really is paramount to devising an effective solution. - This matter is of paramount importance. 2. having the highest position or the greatest power - China’s paramount leader

Question 998

sea urchin

Answer 998

/ˈɜːrtʃɪn/ | 海膽

Question 999

mosque

Answer 999

n. /mɑːsk/ a building for Islamic religious activities and worship - The mosque of Marrakech in Morocco is known as the Kutubiyya, or Booksellers' Mosque, after the adjacent market.

Question 1000

pulp

Answer 1000

n. /pʌlp/ 1. a soft, wet mass - Mash the bananas to a pulp and then mix in the yogurt. 2. a mixture of old paper, plant fibers, and wood mixed with water until they form a soft wet mass, used for making paper - It has been said that Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners captured in a battle fought near Samarqand between the Chinese and the Muslims in 751, and the technique of papermaking-in which cellulose pulp extracted from any of several plants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets-slowly spread westward.

Question 1001

supplant

Answer 1001

v. /səˈplænt/ to replace - Printed books will soon be supplanted by e-books. - Papermaking spread quickly to Egypt-and eventually to Sicily and Spain-but it was several centuries before paper supplanted parchment for copies of the Koran, probably because of the conservative nature of religious art and its practitioners.

Question 1002

practitioner

Answer 1002

n. /prækˈtɪʃ.ən.ɚ/ someone involved in a skilled job or activity - dental practitioners - Papermaking spread quickly to Egypt-and eventually to Sicily and Spain-but it was several centuries before paper supplanted parchment for copies of the Koran, probably because of the conservative nature of religious art and its practitioners.

Question 1003

enclose

Answer 1003

v. 1. to surround something - The park that encloses the monument has recently been enlarged. 2. to send something in the same envelope or parcel as something else - Paper is thinner than parchment, so more pages could be enclosed within a single volume. - Please enclose a curriculum vitae with your application.

Question 1004

repertory

Answer 1004

n. /ˈrep.ɚ.tɔːr.i/ the repeated performance of several plays one after the other by one company of actors （演員陣容固定的）保留劇目輪演 - Eventually, six-round forms of handwriting became the standard repertory of every calligrapher.

Question 1005

appetite

Answer 1005

n. /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ 1. physical desire for food - The walk gave me a good appetite. - Don't spoil your appetite by eating between meals. 2. a strong desire for something - Russia's appetite for iron increased rapidly after 1740. - her appetite for adventure

Question 1006

splendid

Answer 1006

adj. 1. very impressive; very beautiful - splendid scenery - The hotel stands in splendid isolation, surrounded by moorland. 2. excellent; very good - What a splendid idea! - a really splendid evening

Question 1007

render

Answer 1007

v. 1. render somebody/something + adj.: to cause somebody/something to be in a particular state or condition - His rudeness rendered me speechless. - This toxin can be concentrated in such filter-feeding organisms as clams and mussels, rendering them toxic to humans. 2. GIVE HELP: to give somebody something, especially in return for something or because it is expected - They rendered assistance to the disaster victims. - to render a service to somebody - It was payment for services rendered.

Question 1008

phytoplankton

Answer 1008

n. microscopic marine algae - Phytoplankton are minute, free-floating aquatic plants.

Question 1009

temperate

Answer 1009

adj. having a mild temperature without extremes of heat or cold - a country with a temperate climate - temperate latitude 溫帶

Question 1010

toxin

Answer 1010

n. a poisonous substance, especially one that is produced by bacteria in plants and animals - Although each cell secretes a minute amount of toxin, the massive dinoflagellate numbers cause the toxin to reach concentrations that kill many creatures.

Question 1011

crustacean

Answer 1011

n. /krʌsˈteɪ.ʃən/ | 甲殼類

Question 1012

groundbreaking

Answer 1012

adj. making new discoveries; using new methods - a groundbreaking piece of research

Question 1013

lyrical

Answer 1013

adj. expressing strong emotion in a way that is beautiful and shows imagination ( syn: expressive ) - a lyrical melody - There are some intensely lyrical passages in his first symphony. - These pieces were long and lyrical—they were meant to have a sort of ... grandeur about them.

Question 1014

grandeur

Answer 1014

n. /ˈɡrændʒər/ 1. the quality of being great and impressive in appearance ( syn: splendor ) 宏偉，壯麗 - These pieces were long and lyrical—they were meant to have a sort of ... grandeur about them. - The hotel had an air of faded grandeur. 2. the importance or social status somebody has or thinks they have - He has a sense of grandeur about him. - She is clearly suffering from delusions of grandeur (= thinks she is more important than she really is).

Question 1015

discrete

Answer 1015

adj. clearly separate - The change happens in a series of discrete steps.

Question 1016

overtax

Answer 1016

v. 1. to make someone do more than they are really able to do, so that they become very tired - Be careful you don’t overtax yourself. 2. to make people pay too much tax

Question 1017

antiquated

Answer 1017

adj. /ˈæntɪkweɪtɪd/ old-fashioned and not suitable for modern needs or conditions – used to show disapproval (syn: outdated) - antiquated law

Question 1018

inadequate

Answer 1018

adj. 1. not good enough, big enough, skilled enough etc for a particular purpose - inadequate resources - The parking facilities are inadequate for a busy shopping centre. 2. someone who feels inadequate thinks other people are better, more skilful, more intelligent etc than they are - The teacher made us feel inadequate and stupid if we made mistakes.

Question 1019

lament

Answer 1019

v. /ləˈment/ 1. to express feelings of great sadness about something - The nation lamented the death of its great war leader. 2. COMPLAINT: to express annoyance or disappointment about something you think is unsatisfactory or unfair - He lamented that people had expected too much of him too soon. - She lamented the fact that manufacturers did not produce small packs for single-person households.

Question 1020

sabbatical

Answer 1020

n. /səˈbætɪkəl/ a period when someone, especially someone in a university job, stops doing their usual work in order to study or travel - She took a long sabbatical. - She's on sabbatical for six months.

Question 1021

mole

Answer 1021

1. 鼴鼠 | 2. 痣

Question 1022

termite

Answer 1022

n. /ˈtɝː.maɪt/ | 白蟻

Question 1023

legume

Answer 1023

n. /ˈleɡ.juːm/ | pea family

Question 1024

humus

Answer 1024

n. /ˈhjuː.məs/ 1. 鸚嘴豆泥: a Greek food made from a soft mixture of chickpeas, oil, and garlic 2. 腐植質: dark earth made of organic material such as decayed leaves and plants

Question 1025

aerate

Answer 1025

v. /erˈeɪt/ to put a gas or air into a liquid or into soil - The casts form a high-quality natural fertilizer. In addition, earthworms mix soil both vertically and horizontally, improving aeration and drainage.

Question 1026

disintegrate

Answer 1026

v. /dɪˈsɪn.t̬ə.ɡreɪt/*** 1. to become weaker or be destroyed by breaking into small pieces - The Ottoman Empire disintegrated into lots of small states. - The spacecraft disintegrated as it entered the earth's atmosphere. - So now, the question is, do we partially restore and rebuild the site before-the entire thing disintegrates? 2. to become much worse - The situation disintegrated into chaos.

Question 1027

mound

Answer 1027

n. /maʊnd/ 1. a large pile of earth or stones; a small hill - Now, you might remember-because we've talked about this-archaeologists know that mounds such as these are the kinds of geological features that indicate the presence of ancient settlements. Jim? - a burial mound (= a place where people were buried in ancient times) 2. a pile - a small mound of rice/sand

Question 1028

extrapolate

Answer 1028

v. /ɪkˈstræp.ə.leɪt/ to use facts about the present or about one thing or group to make a guess about the future or about other things or groups 推斷；推知 - His azoic zone, then, was a plausible but wild extrapolation from pioneering but feeble data. - The figures were obtained by extrapolating from past trends. - It is possible to extrapolate future developments from current trends. - These results cannot, however, be extrapolated to other patient groups.

Question 1029

springboard

Answer 1029

n. 1. something that helps you to start doing something - One was the particular study site he happened to use as a springboard for his sweeping postulate of a lifeless abyss. - The TV soap has been a springboard for a lot of careers. 2. a strong board for jumping on or off, used when diving or doing gymnastics

Question 1030

guilty

Answer 1030

adj. 1. ASHAMED: feeling very ashamed and sad because you know that you have done something wrong - I feel really guilty about forgetting her birthday again. - It was his guilty conscience that made him offer to help. 2. OF A CRIME: having done something that is a crime - He was found not guilty of the death of PC Jones. 3. ***responsible for behaviour that is morally or socially unacceptable - But even the more sensible naturalists of the day were guilty of a similar misconception. - Some journalists are guilty of reporting scandal in order to sell papers.

Question 1031

of the day

Answer 1031

1. served in a restaurant as a special item on a particular day - What's the vegetable of the day? - Our soup of the day is vegetable beef. 2. of a particular period of time - We read old newspapers to learn of the important issues of the day. - But even the more sensible naturalists of the day were guilty of a similar misconception.

Question 1032

assemblage

Answer 1032

n. 1. a group of things collected together - a unique assemblage of wildlife - He collected hundreds of different species of animals, and he saw that they were distributed in eight different depth zones, each containing its own distinct assemblage of animal life, the way zones of elevation on the side of a mountain are populated by distinct sets of plants. 2. when parts are put together in order to make something

Question 1033

entertain

Answer 1033

v. 1. to amuse or interest people in a way that gives them pleasure - She entertained the children with stories, songs and drama. 2. to invite people to your home for a meal, party etc, or to take your company’s customers somewhere to have a meal, drinks etc (在家)招待 - Mark usually does the cooking when we entertain. - Do you get an allowance for entertaining clients? 3. to hold something in your mind or to be willing to consider or accept something 心存、懷有 - The General refused to entertain the possibility of defeat ( =lose ). - Forbes's azoic zone was entirely plausible at the time, and it was certainly far from the strangest idea that was then entertained about the deep sea. - She could never entertain the idea of living in the country.

Question 1034

voracious

Answer 1034

adj. /vəˈreɪ.ʃəs/ 1. eating or wanting large quantities of food - As a test, Kettlewell set up hidden observation positions and watched birds voraciously eat moths placed on tree trunks of a contrasting color. - Kids can have voracious appetites. 2. having an extremely strong desire to do or have a lot of something - Rosa is a voracious reader. - Her appetite for information was voracious.

Question 1035

adverse

Answer 1035

adj. not good or favourable - Melanics were normally quickly eliminated in nonindustrial areas by adverse selection. - They fear it could have an adverse effect on global financial markets.

Question 1036

rarefied

Answer 1036

adj. /ˈrerɪfaɪd/ 1. understood or experienced by only a very small group of people who share a particular area of knowledge or activity 曲高和寡的 - the rarefied atmosphere of academic life 2. containing less oxygen than usual - Compressed, it became water and earth, and when rarefied or thinned out, it heated up to become fire. - Climbers may experience difficulty breathing in the rarefied air at high altitudes.

Question 1037

conjecture

Answer 1037

n. a guess about something based on how it seems and not on proof 推測、推斷 - The truth of his conjecture was confirmed by the newspaper report. - He believed, though, that the shape of Earth was that of a cylinder rather than the sphere that later Greek philosophers would conjecture.

Question 1038

plush

Answer 1038

n. 絨布 - The plush chairs absorb sound and soften reverberation. - red plush armchairs adj. EXPENSIVE: expensive, comfortable, and of high quality - He took me out to a really plush restaurant.

Question 1039

racquetball

Answer 1039

n. 壁球 - This would allow the sound to act like a ball in a racquetball court, you know bouncing around and hitting some parts of the walls and ceiling but missing many others.

Question 1040

register

Answer 1040

(MUSICAL)all the notes that a musical instrument or a person's voice can produce, from the highest to the lowest 音域 - The cante jondo, you remember we said it means deep song in Andalusian Spanish, not only because it's sung in a deep register, but also because it's a song about deeper or serious matters... certainly not lighthearted.

Question 1041

draw up

Answer 1041

to write something that needs careful thought or planning 草擬 - I've drawn up a list of candidates that I'd like to interview. - I'm going to draw up a list of questions everyone should keep in mind when they're writing their journals... other students may be having the same problem you're having.

Question 1042

mitigation

Answer 1042

something that causes you to judge a crime to be less serious, or to make a punishment less severe 用來減刑的事情 - Siegel concluded that most projects have not demonstrated success as conservation techniques and should not be advocated as though they were acceptable management and mitigation practices. - His defence lawyers presented their mitigation plea.

Question 1043

account

Answer 1043

n. 1. BANK: an arrangement with a bank to keep your money there and to allow you to take it out when you need to - I paid the money into my account this morning. - She deposited the check in her account. 2. REPORT: a written or spoken description of an event - She gave a thrilling account of her life in the jungle. - He kept a detailed account of the suspect's movements. 3. REASON: on account of sth: because of something - He doesn't drink alcohol on account of his poor health. v. JUDGE: to think of someone or something in the stated way - She was accounted a genius by all who knew her work.

Question 1044

effort

Answer 1044

1. 努力 2. the result of an attempt to produce something, especially when its quality is low or uncertain （尤指不理想的或難以確定的）結果 - Whatever the answer, it is clear that a general framework is required to ensure that any translocation is justified, has a realistic chance of success, and will be properly monitored and evaluated for the benefit of future efforts.

Question 1045

justified

Answer 1045

adj. having a good reason for something 有正當理由的 - I accept that the criticism is completely justified. - Whatever the answer, it is clear that a general framework is required to ensure that any translocation is justified, has a realistic chance of success, and will be properly monitored and evaluated for the benefit of future efforts.

Question 1046

appraisal

Answer 1046

n. /əˈpreɪ.zəl/ 1. a judgement of the value, performance or nature of somebody/something - This makes appraisal of the method very difficult. - She was honest in her appraisal of her team's chances. - The newspaper gave an editorial appraisal of the government's achievements of the past year. 2. a meeting in which an employee discusses with their manager how well they have been doing their job; the system of holding such meetings - Many companies operate regular job appraisals, often on an annual basis.

Question 1047

maladaptive

Answer 1047

adj. /ˌmæl.əˈdæp.tɪv/ not having the ability to change to suit different conditions mal - adaptive

Question 1048

deleterious

Answer 1048

adj. /ˌdeləˈtɪriəs/ harmful and damaging - However, against this is the potential for reinforcement translocations to spread disease from one population to another or to introduce deleterious or maladaptive genes to a population.

Question 1049

ad hoc

Answer 1049

arranged or happening when necessary and not planned in advance 臨時安排的 “for this specific purpose” - The nature of translocation ranges from highly organized and researched national or international programs to ad hoc releases of rescued animals by well-intentioned animal lovers. - an ad hoc meeting to deal with the problem

Question 1050

efficacy

Answer 1050

n. syn: effectiveness the ability, especially of a medicine or a method of achieving something, to produce the intended result - The number of translocations carried out under the banner of conservation has increased rapidly, and this has led to criticism of the technique because of the lack of evaluation of its efficacy and because of its potential disadvantages.

Question 1051

under the banner of

Answer 1051

they do it saying that they support that cause, idea, or belief. - The number of translocations carried out under the banner of conservation has increased rapidly, and this has led to criticism of the technique because of the lack of evaluation of its efficacy and because of its potential disadvantages.

Question 1052

pervious

Answer 1052

adj. allowing water to pass through; permeable. - pervious rocks

Question 1053

impervious

Answer 1053

adj. /ɪmˈpɜːrviəs/ 1. not affected or influenced by something - impervious to criticism/pain - She was impervious to his charms. 2. not allowing a liquid or gas to pass through - an impervious rock/layer - impervious to moisture

Question 1054

terra-cotta

Answer 1054

n. 陶瓦 - In Chicago, a system was developed for surrounding the metal components with hollow tiles made from brick-like terra-cotta. - Nok culture is known for its fashioned terra-cotta figurines of clay baked in furnaces. - The Terra-Cotta Army 兵馬俑

Question 1055

fire-retardant

Answer 1055

adj. that makes a fire burn more slowly - However, when the metal is encased in fire-retardant materials, its vulnerability to fire is much decreased. - The chair had fire-retardant covers.

Question 1056

encase

Answer 1056

v. to surround or cover something completely, especially to protect it - However, when the metal is encased in fire-retardant materials, its vulnerability to fire is much decreased. - His upper body was completely encased in bandages.

Question 1057

freight

Answer 1057

n. goods that are transported by ships, planes, trains or lorries; the system of transporting goods in this way - Updated and electrified versions of the freight elevator that had been introduced by Elish Graves Otis in 1853 (several decades before skyscraper construction) solved this problem. - to send goods by air freight - passenger and freight transportation services

Question 1058

defy

Answer 1058

v. /dɪˈfaɪ/ to refuse to obey or show respect for somebody in authority, a law, a rule, etc. - I wouldn't have dared to defy my teachers. - Wright'zs most dramatic residence, Fallingwater, has balconies that thrust far out over a stream in a way that seems to defy gravity. defy belief/description/explanation to be extreme or very strange and therefore impossible to believe, describe, or explain - The chaos at the airport defies description.

Question 1059

premise

Answer 1059

n. /ˈprem.ɪs/ a statement or an idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument - They had started with the premise that all men are created equal. - The fundamental premise of modern architecture was that the appearance of the building should exhibit the nature of its materials and forms of physical support.

Question 1060

pervasive

Answer 1060

adj. existing in all parts of a place or thing; spreading gradually to affect all parts of a place or thing - Her influence is all-pervasive (= it affects everyone and everything). - A sense of social change is pervasive in her novels. - The development of modern architecture might in large part be seen as an adaptation of this sort of functional building and its pervasive application for daily use.

Question 1061

unadorned

Answer 1061

adj. without any decoration - On the other hand were purely utilitarian structures, such as factories and grain elevators, which employed modern materials such as steel girders and plate glass in an undisguised and _____ manner.

Question 1062

tether

Answer 1062

v. /ˈteðər/ 1. to tie an animal to a post so that it cannot move very far - He _____ his horse to a tree. - So once you're in this geostationary orbit, right over the tower, just lower your carbon nanotube cable down from the satellite, _____ it to the tower here on Earth, and there you have it! 2. to use a smartphone to connect a computer to the internet - You can _____ your laptop to your phone.

Question 1063

ribbon of

Answer 1063

a long, narrow piece of something - A ribbon of road stretched ahead of us across the desert. - The road was a ribbon of moonlight. - So you could actually draw out a 36,000-kilometer strand or ribbon of nanotubes, stronger than steel, but maybe a thousandth the thickness of a human hair.

Question 1064

tensile

Answer 1064

adj. 1. used to describe the extent to which something can stretch without breaking - the _____ strength of rope - But a new material developed recently has a _____ strength higher than diamond, yet it's much more flexible. - This experiment demonstrates the _____ strength of the wire. 2. that can be drawn out or stretched - _____ cable

Question 1065

fraction

Answer 1065

n. 1. a small part or amount of something - If we could power such an elevator with solar energy, we could simply rise up into space- for a fraction of the cost of a trip by rocket or shuttle! 2. a division of a number, for example ⅝ - How do you express 25% as a fraction?

Question 1066

from scratch

Answer 1066

從頭開始 - This cake is ruined; we'll have to make another one from scratch. - Since the Clovis people were highly mobile, it's plausible that they would set up spots along established travel routes where they'd keep a variety of items, either so they wouldn't have to carry everything with them or so they could save time once they arrived at a site, by not having to make stuff from scratch.

Question 1067

on a regular basis

Answer 1067

Regularly; occurring in regular time intervals or patterns. - Well... I'm stopping by to reserve a place for my school club to meet and work. Pretty much on a regular basis.

Question 1068

opt out

Answer 1068

to choose not to take part in something - Other researchers protested that th-the opt-out response was simply a learned or-or conditioned response. - Employees may opt out of the company's pension plan.

Question 1069

hasten

Answer 1069

v. /ˈheɪsn/ to make something happen sooner or more quickly - In other words, by pressing the "pass" paddle, the dolphin avoided having to wait, and hastened the possibility of a food reward by moving directly to the next trial.

Question 1070

analogous

Answer 1070

adj. /əˈnæləɡəs/ similar in some way to another thing or situation and therefore able to be compared with it - These patterns were analogous to the tones used in the dolphin study:

Question 1071

analog

Answer 1071

n. /ˈænəlɔːɡ/ 1. something that is similar to or can be used instead of something else - Now, much of the research in this area is motivated by the search for animal analogs, or-or parallels, to human cognitive processes. 2. using a continuously changing range of physical quantities to measure or store data - an analogue circuit/computer/signal

Question 1072

exclusive

Answer 1072

adj. 1. limited to only one person or group of people - Well, exclusive care by the male parent is much less common, but it does occur. - This room is for the exclusive use of guests. 2. expensive and only for people who are rich or of a high social class - an exclusive private club

Question 1073

posture

Answer 1073

n. /ˈpɑːs.tʃɚ/ 1. the way you position your body when sitting or standing - And dinosaur fossils have been found in postures that we now believe to indicate brooding behavior, that is, sitting on the eggs until they hatch. 2. the way you behave or think in a particular situation - He tends to adopt a defensive posture towards new ideas.

Question 1074

fuel

Answer 1074

v. 1. to make something, especially something bad, increase or become stronger ( syn: provoke ) - That means "egg thief" in Latin...which fueled the generally negative public image of such dinosaurs. - His words fuelled her anger still more. - Progress was slow, fueling concerns that the stadium would not be finished on time. 2. if you fuel a vehicle, or if it fuels up, fuel is put into it - We’d better fuel up at the next town.

Question 1075

incubate

Answer 1075

v. 1. to sit on its eggs in order to keep them warm until they hatch - Well, some reptiles incubate their eggs-crocodiles do. 2. to keep cells, bacteria, etc. at a suitable temperature so that they develop - The samples were incubated at 80°C for three minutes.

Question 1076

ferocious

Answer 1076

very aggressive or violent; very strong - a ferocious beast/attack/storm - But dinosaurs were ferocious reptiles-and reptiles don't take care of their young, do they?

Question 1077

arboreal

Answer 1077

adj. /ɑːrˈbɔːriəl/ relating to trees; living in trees - In such areas, their arboreal habits and the presence of hollow den trees should have offered some protection from wolves and other large predators.

Question 1078

contiguous

Answer 1078

adj. /kənˈtɪɡ.ju.əs/ next to something, or next to each other - America’s 48 contiguous states - The extermination of the wolf from most of the contiguous United States may have been a critical factor in the raccoon's expansion and numerical increase.

Question 1079

coyote

Answer 1079

n. /ˈkaɪəʊt/ 土狼

Question 1080

other than

Answer 1080

except

Question 1081

timely

Answer 1081

done or happening at exactly the right time - Well, it's certainly a timely topic. Researchers are investigating this now.

Question 1082

vat

Answer 1082

n. a very large container for storing liquids in - Well, in the process, large vats of raw copper ore are burned slowly-for, um, two or three months, actually-to lower the sulfur content.

Question 1083

recreation

Answer 1083

n. an activity that you do for pleasure or amusement → hobby, pastime, leisure - And that river is still used now for recreation.

Question 1084

reclaim

Answer 1084

to make an area of desert, wet land etc suitable for farming or building - Efforts to reclaim the land and restore the basin to the fertile valley it once was …well, actually, those efforts are still ongoing. It's been a long and tedious process. - land reclamation

Question 1085

superficial

Answer 1085

adj. not studying or looking at something carefully and only seeing the most noticeable things - Even a superficial inspection revealed serious flaws. - Transgenics, at least superficially, simplify farming by reducing the choices made by the manager.

Question 1086

noxious

Answer 1086

adj. /ˈnɒkʃəs/ harmful or poisonous (= toxic ) ( ↔ innocuous ) - noxious fumes - On the positive side, proponents of transgenic crops argue that these crops are environmentally friendly because they allow farmers to use fewer and less noxious chemicals for crop production.

Question 1087

custodian

Answer 1087

n. 1. someone who is responsible for looking after something important or valuable - Farmers are custodians of the land for the next generation. - the custodian of a museum/castle 2. someone who looks after a public building - I can have a custodian take a look at it and see if he can do something.

Question 1088

plateau

Answer 1088

n. /plæˈtoʊ/ 高原 - Well, the pyramid is built on a flat area called the Giza Plateau.

Question 1089

precursor

Answer 1089

n. something that happened or existed before another thing, especially if it either developed into it or had an influence on it - Sulphur dioxide is the main precursor of acid rain. - The ancient Egyptians invented a different way of writing and a new substance to write on-papyrus, a precursor of paper, made from a wetland plant.

Question 1090

take pride in

Answer 1090

a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get because you or people connected with you have done or got something good - What is clear from the vast body of texts is that scribes took pride in their writing and knowledge. - If you don't take professional pride in your work, you're probably in the wrong job.

Question 1091

ordeal

Answer 1091

n. a very unpleasant and painful or difficult experience 苦難 - His goal is not just to survive his ordeals but to make sense of this life. - The hostages' ordeal came to an end when soldiers stormed the building.

Question 1092

prefigure

Answer 1092

v. to show or suggest that something will happen in the future 預示；預想，預見 - His paintings prefigure the development of perspective in Renaissance art.

Question 1093

esoteric

Answer 1093

adj. /ˌes.əˈter.ɪk/ very unusual and understood or liked by only a small number of people, especially those with special knowledge 不尋常的；限於小圈子的知識 - He has an esoteric collection of old toys and games. - She has a somewhat esoteric taste in clothes. - More esoteric texts attempt to explain old Babylonian customs, such as the procedure for curing someone who is ill, which included rubbing tar and gypsum on the sick person's door and drawing a design at the foot of the person's bed.

Question 1094

foremost

Answer 1094

adj. most important or best; leading - This is one of the country's foremost arts centres. - The foremost cuneiform text, the Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, deals with humankind's attempts to conquer time.

Question 1095

reckon

Answer 1095

v. think or believe - The clay tablets usually were not fired; sun drying was probably reckoned enough to preserve the text for as long as it was being used. - I reckon it's going to rain.

Question 1096

hoard

Answer 1096

v. to collect large amounts of something and keep it in a safe, often secret, place - Scholars agree that writing originated somewhere in the Middle East, probably Mesopotamia, around the fourth millennium B.C.E. It is from the great libraries and word-hoards of these ancient lands that the first texts emerged.

Question 1097

downplay

Answer 1097

v. to make something seem less important or less bad than it really is - Now… um, biographers who wrote about Irwin in the nineteenth century, I feel sorta downplayed the ingenuity of her design.

Question 1098

utilitarian

Answer 1098

adj. /juːˌtɪl.əˈter.i.ən/ designed to be useful rather than decorative - Like many factories, it's a very ugly utilitarian building. - Now, it's worth noting that people who designed homes at that time probably had to deal with a certain amount of discouragement, since there were other architects who thought it was more respectable to design the kind of buildings and maybe other structures that were less… less utilitarian in their function.

Question 1099

mutation

Answer 1099

n. 突變 - But people who have a mutation in that gene cannot taste the bitterness.

Question 1100

verdict

Answer 1100

n. /ˈvɜːrdɪkt/ an opinion or decision made after judging the facts that are given, especially one made at the end of a trial - Well, I guess that's not too surprising-and this is great stuff, actually! So what's the verdict?

Question 1101

deficit

Answer 1101

n. /ˈdefɪsɪt/ 1. the amount by which money spent or owed is greater than money earned in a particular period of time - a budget/trade deficit 2. the amount by which something, especially an amount of money, is too small or smaller than something else - But…so this biologist is basically claiming that people who like to eat these vegetables actually have some sort of sensory deficit?

Question 1102

fragrant

Answer 1102

adj. /ˈfreɪ.ɡrənt/ with a pleasant smell - fragrant flowers - When the beetle flies out, it carries the pollen to a different heated, white, fragrant flower.

Question 1103

spoke

Answer 1103

n. 輪輻 - a bicycle spoke - which looks like a bicycle wheel... a central hub with multiple spokes radiating outward.

Question 1104

generic

Answer 1104

adj. shared by, typical of, or relating to a whole group of similar things, rather than to any particular thing - Earlier experiments had used a more generic habitat- basically a wide-open circle- which was -originally designed to test magnetic navigation in other animals.

Question 1105

ebb

Answer 1105

v. /eb/ 1. 退潮 2. If a physical or emotional feeling ebbs, it becomes less strong or disappears. - He could feel his strength ebbing. - And sometimes dynamic maps- maps that change on screen to show, for instance, how trade ebbed and flowed over the centuries along various routes between China and the Mediterranean.

Question 1106

folk

Answer 1106

n. 1. 民謠 2. people, especially those of a particular group or type - Well, last week I got a call from the folks over at the Visualization Project. - Ordinary folk can’t afford cars like that.

Question 1107

goof

Answer 1107

v. to make a stupid mistake - Like, one time, somebody goofed and came in a little early.

Question 1108

argue for

Answer 1108

argue for = agree | argue against = disagree

Question 1109

hence

Answer 1109

therefore

Question 1110

forester

Answer 1110

n. 林務員 - Foresters now identify the biggest problem in managing Western forests as what to do with those increased fuel loads that built up during the previous half century of effective fire suppression.

Question 1111

inferno

Answer 1111

n. a very large dangerous fire that is out of control - The flames quickly turned the house into a raging inferno. - The outcome is sometimes an unstoppable inferno.

Question 1112

arson

Answer 1112

n. the crime of deliberately setting fire to something, especially a building 縱火 - When a fire finally does start in a sapling-choked forest, whether due to lightning or human carelessness or (regrettably often) intentional arson, the dense, tall saplings (young trees) may become a ladder that allows the fire to jump into the crowns of the trees.

Question 1113

sapling

Answer 1113

n. a young tree - When a fire finally does start in a sapling-choked forest, whether due to lightning or human carelessness or (regrettably often) intentional arson, the dense, tall saplings (young trees) may become a ladder that allows the fire to jump into the crowns of the trees.

Question 1114

crown

Answer 1114

n. 樹冠叢 - When a fire finally does start in a sapling-choked forest, whether due to lightning or human carelessness or (regrettably often) intentional arson, the dense, tall saplings (young trees) may become a ladder that allows the fire to jump into the crowns of the trees.

Question 1115

seedling

Answer 1115

n. a very young plant that has grown from a seed - But after only a decade's growth until the next fire, those young seedling plants are still too low for fire to spread from them into the crowns of the ponderosa pine trees.

Question 1116

understory

Answer 1116

n. 下層林木 - Hence the fire remains confined to the ground and understory.

Question 1117

stump

Answer 1117

n. /stʌmp/ 1. 樹敦 2. the end of something or the part that is left after the main part has been cut, broken off or worn away - the stump of a pencil

Question 1118

tapestry

Answer 1118

n. /ˈtæpəstri/ 掛毯 - Then he would be the one to decide which words and images would go on the tapestry, and what would be left out.

Question 1119

lead up to

Answer 1119

為…作鋪墊；是…的先導 If a period of time or series of events leads up to an event or activity, it happens until that event or activity begins. ( happen before ) - Uh, but, I also read that historians have relied on it to help them interpret the events leading up to the invasion, and the battle itself.

Question 1120

commission

Answer 1120

v. to formally choose someone to do a special piece of work, or to formally ask for a special piece of work from someone - She's commissioned an artist to paint her portrait. - Do you know who commissioned the tapestry?

Question 1121

firsthand account

Answer 1121

第一手資料 - but regardless of who commissioned it, isn't the fact that it was based on eyewitness accounts the most important thing?

Question 1122

husk

Answer 1122

n. the dry outer covering of some seeds （種子或果實的）外殼 - First, the remains of barley husks have been found inside them.

Question 1123

contest

Answer 1123

v. If you contest a formal statement, a claim, a judge's decision, or a legal case, you say formally that it is wrong or unfair and try to have it changed. - Now, no one is contesting that these people, probably descendents of the Natufians, were indeed sedentary by 11,500 years ago.

Question 1124

reed

Answer 1124

n. 蘆葦 - So, for example, sometimes thin reed mats were stuck onto the walls... so these thin, reed mats would be- like an additional layer... between the original part of the wall and the frescoes- the painted part of the walls that were done over them.

Question 1125

obscure

Answer 1125

adj. not known to many people - It can be used anywhere the rainforest has obscured ancient ruins.

Question 1126

parched

Answer 1126

adj. very dry, especially because the weather is hot - canals that the Mayans built to irrigate their parched soil, which helps explain how the Mayans could feed such a large population.

Question 1127

mural

Answer 1127

n. 壁畫 - And inside, on the walls of this temple, Saturno finds some ancient writing and also this enormous mural with elegant figures depicting a Mayan myth of the creation of the world.

Question 1128

stumble on sth.

Answer 1128

to discover something by chance, or to meet someone by chance - Sure, sometimes we do just stumble onto an important find when doing field research.

Question 1129

residue

Answer 1129

n. /ˈrez.ə.duː/ the part that is left after the main part has gone or been taken away, or a substance that remains after a chemical process such as evaporation - Now, just as rocks are broken down by weathering, the animal and plant residues are broken down too.

Question 1130

booklet

Answer 1130

n. /ˈbʊk.lət/ 小冊子 There's a lot of information available there from booklets, tour guides, and you could even ask to meet with the curator and ask for her insights.

Question 1131

ambient

Answer 1131

adj. existing in the surrounding area - Nocturnal activity in amphibians with low tolerance for high ambient temperatures is a typical thermoregulatory behavior of avoidance.

Question 1132

at the mercy of

Answer 1132

completely in the power of. - consumers were at the mercy of every rogue in the marketplace. - Amphibians are therefore hardly at the mercy of ambient temperatures, since by means of the mechanisms described above they are more than able to exercise some control over their body temperature.

Question 1133

perspire

Answer 1133

v. = sweat - He was perspiring in his thick woollen suit. - And humans... we sweat, of course... perspire, which also gets rid of body heat.

Question 1134

physiological

Answer 1134

adj. 生理學的 - the physiological effects of deep-sea diving. - These are automatic physiological responses too.

Question 1135

anectode

Answer 1135

n. a short, often funny story, especially about something someone has done - But I read Vasari's book cover-to-cover almost every summer- I find it a great way to unwind during the summer break- and what keeps me coming back to it are the anecdotes-fascinating anecdotes that give you glimpses into the artists' private lives- their dreams, their fears, their virtues, their vices....

Question 1136

unwind

Answer 1136

v. 1. If you unwind something that is wrapped around an object, you unfasten it, and if it unwinds, it becomes unfastened. - In a nearby medical tent, a US Army doctor gently unwinds Metruk's bandage. 2. to relax and allow your mind to be free from worry after a period of work or some other activity that has made you worried - But I read Vasari's book cover-to-cover almost every summer- I find it a great way to unwind during the summer break- and what keeps me coming back to it are the anecdotes-fascinating anecdotes that give you glimpses into the artists' private lives- their dreams, their fears, their virtues, their vices....

Question 1137

custom

Answer 1137

n. a way of behaving or a belief that has been established for a long time - That's how the custom of having an intermission started.

Question 1138

playhouse

Answer 1138

n. | = theater

Question 1139

meter

Answer 1139

n. poetic meter = basic rhythmic structure - If you've say­ written an analysis of a poem, you've used the same skills. you've given an analysis of the poem by describing and analyzing its form and meter.

Question 1140

discernible

Answer 1140

adj. /dɪˈsɜːrnəbl/ able to be seen or understood ( = perceptible ) - But as I looked at the painting longer, I realized that the boy's eyes looked sad even though there was no discernable expression on his face.

Question 1141

dawn

Answer 1141

v. 1. If a day or period of time dawns, it begins. - In the late 1970s, the personal computer era was dawning. 2. to become known or obvious - And then it dawned on me that, even though he was surrounded by toys, he was all alone in his nursery.

Question 1142

leave of absence

Answer 1142

formal permission to be away from work or studies 准假 | - Oh, right; I heard he's taking a last-minute leave of absence next year.

Question 1143

ordinance

Answer 1143

n. 法律, 條例 - Sorry, no- it's actually a city ordinance-all rental rooms, including dorm rooms, have to be painted at least once every five years.

Question 1144

embellish

Answer 1144

v. /ɪmˈbelɪʃ/ to make something more beautiful by adding decoration to it ( syn: decorate ) - The huge carved door was embellished with brass door knockers. - His account of his travels was embellished with details of famous people he met.

Question 1145

interim

Answer 1145

adj. intended to be used or accepted for a short time only, until something or someone final can be made or found - an interim report - The strength of the Athenian aristocracy was further weakened during the rest of the century by the rise of a type of government known as a tyranny, which is a form of interim rule by a popular strongman.

Question 1146

at the expense of

Answer 1146

if something is done at the expense of someone or something else, it is only achieved by doing something that could harm the other person or thing - the growth in short breaks, at the expense of longer package holidays. - The Peisistratids, as the succession of tyrants were called (after the founder of the dynasty, Peisistratos), strengthened Athenian central administration at the expense of the aristocracy by appointing judges throughout the region, producing Athens' first national coinage, and adding and embellishing festivals that tended to focus attention on Athens rather than on local villages of the surrounding region.

Question 1147

detrimental

Answer 1147

adj. causing harm or damage - The tulip breaking virus is now known to have detrimental effects on plants- they're weaker and sometimes reduced in size.

Question 1148

bulb

Answer 1148

n. 1. tulip bulb球莖，鱗莖 2. light bulb

Question 1149

streak

Answer 1149

n. 條紋 - There was a streak of blood on his face. - streaky bacon - Tulip flowers with stripes or streaks, or feather or flame patterns on their petals.

Question 1150

stripe

Answer 1150

n. 條紋 - Tulip flowers with stripes or streaks, or feather or flame patterns on their petals

Question 1151

craze

Answer 1151

n. an enthusiastic interest in something that is shared by many people but that usually does not last very long; a thing that people have a craze for - Tulip flowers with stripes or streaks, or feather or flame patterns on their petals- there's no doubt in my mind that these symptoms of this breaking virus affected human behavior too, indirectly- that they set off the famous tulip craze in the Netherlands. - At that time, scooters were the latest craze.

Question 1152

showcase

Answer 1152

v. to show the best qualities or parts of something - She wants to showcase African–American literature. - In the seventeenth century, the Netherlands was among the most important trading centers in all of Europe... with lots of rich merchants who wanted to showcase their wealth... for example, by displaying exotic tulips in their private gardens.

Question 1153

speculator

Answer 1153

n. 投資者 - And since you didn't really know, when you bought a bulb, if the colors would break... well, Dutch speculators invested hand over fist... and drove prices sky-high. - a New York property speculator.

Question 1154

present-day

Answer 1154

modern or existing now - They originated in the mountains of central Asia and spread from Persia, present-day Iran, to the Turkish Ottoman Empire, and from there, eventually reached Europe.

Question 1155

hand over fist

Answer 1155

very quickly - And since you didn't really know, when you bought a bulb, if the colors would break... well, Dutch speculators invested hand over fist... and drove prices sky-high.

Question 1156

roomy

Answer 1156

adj. having a lot of space inside = spacious - For example, placing an ad here for a big, roomy van, which is popular with big families, would make sense.

Question 1157

snappy

Answer 1157

adj. snappy clothes, objects etc are attractive and fashionable - a snappy suit - But a snappy little sports car with only two seats? Well, that would clearly be too much of a mismatch.

Question 1158

tonality

Answer 1158

n. a particular musical scale or key - By the early twentieth century, some composers in Europe and the United States, composers of what's considered classical music, were already moving away from traditional forms and were experimenting with different ways of composing- in many cases, moving away from traditional Western scales and tonalities.

Question 1159

legitimate

Answer 1159

adj. /ləˈdʒɪt̬.ə.mət/ 1. allowed by law - The army must give power back to the legitimate government. 2. reasonable and acceptable - He claimed that the restaurant bill was a legitimate business expense. - Quite the contrary. You see, many people felt avant-garde music was too radical and wasn't even legitimate art.

Question 1160

case in point

Answer 1160

an instance or example that illustrates what is being discussed. - the ‘green revolution’ in agriculture is a good case in point - A case in point is the composer John Cage.

Question 1161

scandalize

Answer 1161

v. to make people feel very shocked - The fact that the audience was scandalized showed that they missed the whole point of his composition, which was that there's no such thing as silence- no such thing as a complete absence of sound. - His outspoken views scandalized the nation.

Question 1162

tune in

Answer 1162

1. to watch or listen to a broadcast on radio or television - People get their information by tuning in to foreign radio stations. - So to perceive 4'33'' as music, the audience needed to tune into the sounds around them. 2. to realize or understand what is happening or what other people are thinking - The company aims to be more tuned in to customer needs.

Question 1163

confound

Answer 1163

v. 1. to confuse and surprise people by being unexpected - His amazing recovery confounded the medical specialists. - This was quite revolutionary, so, we should probably be sympathetic to their reactions at the time... I mean it's confounding people even today. 2. to prove someone or something wrong - She confounded her critics and proved she could do the job.

Question 1164

wavy

Answer 1164

adj. having a series of curves - Stromatolites look like wavy layers of sedimentary rock. - Sarah has wavy blond hair.

Question 1165

through the lens of

Answer 1165

through a specific viewpoint Now, much of biology is studied through the lens of evolution. Now, much of biology is studied from the perspective of evolution. Now, much of biology is studied from a evolutionary viewpoint.

Question 1166

ethnography

Answer 1166

n. /eθˈnɑː.ɡrə.fi/ a scientific description of the culture of a society by someone who has lived in it, or a book containing this 人種誌 - One of the aims of ethnography is to contribute to an understanding of the human race. - Since ethnography is all about the descriptive study of an individual culture, film has proved to have great value as a tool for anthropologists in their research.

Question 1167

intent

Answer 1167

n. the fact that you want and plan to do something - The intent of the community-determined approach is to achieve a kind of, um, shared authorship.

Question 1168

revolve around sb/sth

Answer 1168

to have someone or something as the main or most important interest or subject - In this way the film revolves around the actual values and concerns of the individuals in the community, and it honors an individual's ethical right to control how he or she is presented in the media. - The conversation revolved around childcare problems. - His whole life revolves around football.

Question 1169

ethical

Answer 1169

adj. 倫理的 - In this way the film revolves around the actual values and concerns of the individuals in the community, and it honors an individual's ethical right to control how he or she is presented in the media.

Question 1170

extended

Answer 1170

adj. long or longer than usual - They're going on an extended holiday to Australia. - There was an extended news bulletin because of the plane crash. - It's very important that the filmmakers plan to stay in the community for an extended period of time.

Question 1171

consensus

Answer 1171

n. an opinion that all members of a group agree with - Well, such decisions are made by general consensus within the community.

Question 1172

footage

Answer 1172

n. film especially one showing an event - The community members review the footage both midway and at the end of the filming, and if they want any scene deleted, it gets removed.

Question 1173

the gist

Answer 1173

n. /dʒɪst/ the most important pieces of information about something, or general information without details - And the subtitles probably give only the gist of what's actually being said...

Question 1174

shed

Answer 1174

v. to get rid of something you do not need or want - Correct. And it allows the filmmakers to shed some of their assumptions, so that they better interpret what they see. - I'm going on a diet to see if I can shed (= become thinner by losing) a few pounds. - Psychotherapy helped him to shed some of his insecurity/inhibitions.

Question 1175

bound to

Answer 1175

adj. certain or extremely likely to happen - You're bound to forget people's names occasionally. - You're bound to feel nervous about your interview. - Even with a small film crew, any project as involved as this is bound to.

Question 1176

playwrite

Answer 1176

n. 劇作家 - You know, Beth Henley's an OK playwright; she's written some decent stuff.

Question 1177

prop

Answer 1177

n. 道具 - The set is minimal and the only props used in the show are a table, a chair, and a glass of water. - Well, I'm mainly interested in his idea from the late 1960s... Poor theater, you know, a reaction against a lot of props, lights, fancy costumes, and all that...

Question 1178

throw sb. for a loop

Answer 1178

surprise or astonish someone. | - You know, I saw a performance several years ago...it really threw me for a loop.

Question 1179

confrontational

Answer 1179

adj. fight or argument - You know, you're used to just watching a play, sitting back...but this performance, borrowing Grotowski's principles, was really confrontational-a little uncomfortable.

Question 1180

conveyence

Answer 1180

n. /kənˈveɪəns/ 1. the process of taking somebody/something from one place to another - the conveyance of goods by rail 2. vehicle - horse-drawn conveyances - It was kinda earth-shattering to ride in a mechanical conveyance,at 50 kilometers an hour in the 1830s.

Question 1181

stir

Answer 1181

v. 1. （用湯匙等）攪動，攪拌 2. If something stirs you, it makes you feel a strong emotion. - Thoreau himself praised trains for changing the way people experienced their own bodies...for stirring the imagination in new ways. - The speech stirred the crowd to take action.

Question 1182

feat

Answer 1182

n. an action or a piece of work that needs skill, strength or courage 功績 - He uses poetic language, descriptive metaphors to inspire, to awe his readers, to communicate the fact that the railroad was a feat of human ingenuity.

Question 1183

zip

Answer 1183

v. 1. to fasten something with a zip 2. to move or go somewhere very quickly - I'm just going to zip over to the shops - I won't be long. - He points out that riding on trains distorts people's experiences of the natural world, trees... wildlife...landscapes just zip right past you.

Question 1184

the fabric of sth.

Answer 1184

the basic structure of a society, an organization, etc. that enables it to function successfully - He worries about people doing things in "railroad fashion"...conforming to the train's timetable, letting their lives be governed by this mechanical device that's making its way into the fabric of society. - a trend which threatens the very fabric of society.

Question 1185

within reach

Answer 1185

inside the distance to which someone can stretch out their hand. - The goal, which seems to definitely be within reach, is to design and engineer a superbug, a specific kind of microbe, that makes cheap, commercial production of cellulosic ethanol a real possibility. - The beach is within easy reach of the hotel.

Question 1186

ferment

Answer 1186

v. 發酵 - And second, after the enzyme has broken down the cellulose, yeast and other microorganisms-microbes-are added to ferment those sugars into cellulosic ethanol.

Question 1187

constipation

Answer 1187

n. 便秘 - For example, some have blamed dinosaur extinction on the development of flowering plants, which were supposedly more difficult to digest and could have caused constipation or indigestion. - Taking high doses of iron can cause constipation.

Question 1188

a battery of

Answer 1188

a number of things of a similar type - In fact, several scientists have suggested that the duckbill dinosaurs and horned dinosaurs, with their complex battery of grinding teeth, evolved to exploit this new resource of rapidly growing flowering plants. - In the kitchen an impressive battery of stainless steel utensils hangs on the wall.

Question 1189

expel

Answer 1189

v. 1. to force someone to leave a school, organization, or country - However, the U.S. and Canada wanted to expel foreign trawlers only in order to increase the numbers of their own fishing fleets. - My brother was expelled from school for bad behaviour. 2. to force air or liquid out of something - When you breathe out, you expel air from your lungs.

Question 1190

fleet

Answer 1190

n. 1. 艦隊 2. a group of ships fishing together - a fishing/whaling fleet - However, the U.S. and Canada wanted to expel foreign trawlers only in order to increase the numbers of their own fishing fleets.

Question 1191

deter

Answer 1191

v. to make somebody decide not to do something or continue doing something, especially by making them understand the difficulties and unpleasant results of their actions - But for regulation to be effective, penalties for breaking the law have to be large enough to deter violators.

Question 1192

have a stake in sth

Answer 1192

If you have a stake in something, it is important to you because you have a personal interest or involvement in it. - Well, we all have a personal stake in this, because burning carbon is the basis of life. - Employers have a stake in the training of their staff.

Question 1193

glucose

Answer 1193

n. 葡萄糖 - Usually this happens at the cellular level, and what's burned is carbon in the form of sugars—glucose.

Question 1194

sequester

Answer 1194

v. /sɪˈkwes.tɚ/ KEEP SEPARATE: 隔離（陪審團）（以免其判斷受外界影響） - Or gets stored deep in the ocean—you have shellfish that use the CO2 dissolved in the water to make carbonate shells, and when they die, they fall to the ocean floor and the carbon gets sequestered down there.

Question 1195

the press

Answer 1195

newspapers and magazines, and those parts of television and radio that broadcast news, or reporters and photographers who work for them - So why all the bad press for burning carbon?

Question 1196

a whole lot

Answer 1196

very much; a large amount of - Things were about to get a whole lot worse. - I said no, for a whole lot of reasons. - OK, it doesn't really release a whole lot, compared to the amount that's already there in the atmosphere, but it adds to the pool. And over years it accumulates.

Question 1197

brim

Answer 1197

n. the very top edge of a container - He filled the glass to the brim. - She passed him the mug, filled/full to the brim with hot black coffee. - Think of the atmosphere as a big bathtub: It's basically already filled to the brim with carbon; when we start adding fossil carbon into the mix, it starts to spill over.

Question 1198

peat

Answer 1198

n. 泥炭 - In Ireland, they cut up peat from bogs, and they burn that.

Question 1199

episodic

Answer 1199

adj. happening only sometimes and not regularly - The war between these two countries has been long-drawn-out and episodic. - Ganymede is close enough to Jupiter that tidal forces from the giant planet may have episodically heated its interior and triggered major convulsions on its crust.

Question 1200

formidable

Answer 1200

adj. causing you to have fear or respect for something or someone because that thing or person is large, powerful, or difficult - a formidable task/obstacle - How formidable must a geographic barrier be to keep populations apart? It depends on the ability of the organisms to move across barriers. - a formidable intellect

Question 1201

spell

Answer 1201

v. to cause something bad to happen in the future - spell disaster - The new regulations could spell disaster for small businesses. - This internationalism spelled the end of the classical Greek city-state.

Question 1202

complement

Answer 1202

v. 補充 - Greek philosophy might complement religion but was no substitute for it.

Question 1203

condemn sb to sth

Answer 1203

to make sb to suffer in a particular way - Poor education condemns many young people to low-paid jobs. - He was condemned to death.

Question 1204

on the side

Answer 1204

兼職 | - Most of our actual technicians are students who take the job on the side.

Question 1205

cartirdge

Answer 1205

n. /ˈkɑːr.trɪdʒ/ a small part with a particular purpose that can be easily replaced with another similar part, used in a larger piece of equipment - ink/printer cartridge

Question 1206

innate

Answer 1206

adj. An innate quality or ability is one that you were born with, not one you have learned. - ANS is a very basic, innate ability. - David's most impressive ability is his innate goodness.

Question 1207

shale

Answer 1207

n. 頁岩 a type of soft, grey rock, usually formed from clay that has become hard, that breaks easily into thin layers - oil and gas migrate readily because sandstones (consisting of quartz grains) and limestones (consisting of carbonate minerals) are much more permeable than any shale.

Question 1208

radiate

Answer 1208

v. 1. if a person radiates a particular quality or emotion, or if it radiates from them, people can see it very clearly - He radiated self-confidence and optimism. 2. if something radiates heat, light or energy or heat, etc. radiates from it, the heat is sent out in all directions - The hot stars radiate energy. 3. to spread out in all directions from a central point - However, by the Devonian Period (408 million to 362 million years ago), fish had radiated into almost all available aquatic habitats, including freshwater settings.

Question 1209

requisite

Answer 1209

adj. /ˈrekwɪzɪt/ necessary for a particular purpose - So, these fish had already evolved one of the prime requisites for living on land: the ability to use air as a source of oxygen.

Question 1210

impetus

Answer 1210

n. /ˈɪmpɪtəs/ something that encourages a process or activity to develop more quickly ( syn: stimulus ) - His articles provided the main impetus for change. - Another impetus may have been new sources of food.

Question 1211

recede

Answer 1211

v. /rɪˈsiːd/ 1. to move gradually away from somebody or away from a previous position - She watched his receding figure. - These would have been deposited by the receding waters of droughts, during which many aquatic animals must have died. 2. (especially of a problem, feeling or quality) to become gradually weaker or smaller - The prospect of bankruptcy has now receded (= it is less likely). - The pain has receded slightly.

Question 1212

precursor

Answer 1212

n. 先驅者 - The precursor of the modern camera, the camera obscura is a darkened enclosure into which light is admitted through a lens in a small hole. - events that were precursors to revolution

Question 1213

stature

Answer 1213

n. /ˈstætʃər/ 1. the importance and respect that a person has because of their ability and achievements - If these artists did use a camera obscura, does that diminish their stature? 2. a person's height

Question 1214

mosaic

Answer 1214

n. /moʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/ 鑲嵌畫 - The country is now a cultural and social mosaic (= mixture) due to the influx of different ethnic groups. - Seagrass meadows in relatively turbulent waters tend to form a mosaic of individual mounds, whereas meadows in relatively calm waters tend to form flat, extensive carpets. - It was constructed in the latest Italian style with imported marbles and stylish mosaics.

Question 1215

dampen

Answer 1215

v. 1. MAKE WET: to make something slightly wet - Rain had dampened the tent so we left it to dry in the afternoon sun. 2. to make something such as a feeling or a reaction less strong ( 想一下dampin ratio ) - I didn't want to dampen his spirits. - The seagrass beds, in turn, dampen wave action, particularly if the blades reach the water surface.

Question 1216

mortalilty

Answer 1216

n. /mɔːrˈtæl.ə.t̬i/ the way that people do not live for ever - Temperatures over 30 degrees Celsius in summer cause excessive mortality. - mortality rate 致死率 - Infant mortality is much higher in the poorest areas of the city.

Question 1217

be subject to

Answer 1217

to have or experience a particular thing, especially something unpleasant - Seagrass beds also decline if they are subjected to too much exposure to the air. - Cars are subject to a high domestic tax.

Question 1218

desiccation

Answer 1218

n. /ˌdesɪˈkeɪʃn/ the process of becoming completely dry 脫水 - The effect of desiccation is often difficult to separate from the effect of temperature.

Question 1219

steppe

Answer 1219

n. /stɛp/ 乾草原 - Guthrie applied the term "mammoth steppe" to characterize this landscape.

Question 1220

stigma

Answer 1220

n. 1. a strong feeling of disapproval that most people in a society have about something, especially when this is unfair - Being an unmarried mother no longer carries the social stigma that it used to. 2. （花）柱頭 - But stigmas create turbulence, which slows the air speed around them and may help pollen stick to them.

Question 1221

vagaries

Answer 1221

n. /ˈveɪ.ɡɚ.iz/ unexpected events or changes that cannot be controlled and can influence a situation - Once the pollen has been snatched by the wind, the fate of the pollen is obviously up to the vagaries of the wind, but not everything is left to chance.

Question 1222

whisk

Answer 1222

v. 1. REMOVE:to take something or someone somewhere else suddenly and quickly - But size is a two-edged sword. Small grains may be blown farther but they are also more prone to be whisked past the waiting stigma because smaller particles tend to stay trapped in the fast-moving air that flows around the stigma. 2. BEAT FOOD: to beat eggs, cream, etc. with a special tool in order to add air and make the food light - Whisk the egg whites until stiff.

Question 1223

culinary

Answer 1223

adj. /ˈkʌl.ə.ner.i/ connected with cooking or kitchens - the culinary delights (= good food) of Beijing - My culinary skills are limited to boiling water/frying eggs.

Question 1224

initiative

Answer 1224

n. [C] /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.t̬ɪv/ a new plan or process to achieve something or solve a problem - The peace initiative was welcomed by both sides.

Question 1225

ventilation

Answer 1225

n. [U] /ˌven.t̬əlˈeɪ.ʃən/ the fact of allowing fresh air to enter and move around a room, building, etc. - Make sure that there is adequate ventilation in the room before using the paint.

Question 1226

mundane

Answer 1226

adj. /mʌnˈdeɪn/ not interesting or exciting ( syn: dull, ordinary ) - a mundane task/job - We should not underestimate the social status associated with such mundane possessions which had not previously been available.

Question 1227

amply

Answer 1227

adv. as much or more than is necessary adj. ample - You’ll have ample time for questions later. - There is ample evidence that climate patterns are changing.

Question 1228

lavish

Answer 1228

adj. /ˈlævɪʃ/ large in amount, or impressive, and usually costing a lot of money - They lived a very lavish lifestyle. - They rebuilt the house on an even more lavish scale than before.

Question 1229

provincial

Answer 1229

adj. /prəˈvɪnʃəl/ 1. relating to or coming from the parts of a country that are not near the capital 2. (-) having opinions and ideas that are old-fashioned and simple - In spite of his education and travels, he has remained very provincial. - A visitor from Rome would have recognized its owner as a participant in the contemporary culture of the empire, not at all provincial in taste.

Question 1230

fortify

Answer 1230

v. to make something stronger, especially in order to protect it - Architecture of this era reflected this with even the largest of the fortified towns and hill forts containing no more than clusters of medium-sized structures.

Question 1231

supremacy

Answer 1231

n. /suːˈprem.ə.si/ the leading or controlling position - The company has established total supremacy over its rivals.

Question 1232

accentuate

Answer 1232

v. /əkˈsen.tʃu.eɪt/ to emphasize a particular feature of something or to make something more noticeable - Supremacy was accentuated by the unyielding straight lines of both individual buildings and planned settlements since these too provided a marked contrast with the natural curvilinear shapes dominant in the native realm. - Her dress was tightly belted, accentuating the slimness of her waist.

Question 1233

setback

Answer 1233

n. something that happens that delays or prevents a process from developing - The team suffered a major setback when their best player was injured.

Question 1234

by a large margin

Answer 1234

by a large amount | - Traditionally, however, death rates in cities surpassed those in the countryside by a large margin

Question 1235

cut into

Answer 1235

- Gradually, public health provisions began to cut into customary urban mortality rates.

Question 1236

provision

Answer 1236

n. 1. SUPPLY: the act of providing something - The provision of good public transport will be essential for developing the area. 2. LAW: 規定，條款 - Gradually, public health provisions began to cut into customary urban mortality rates

Question 1237

extranous

Answer 1237

adj. /ɪkˈstreɪ.ni.əs/ not directly connected with or related to something - These types of extraneous markings might also be noted. - These questions are extraneous to the issue being discussed.

Question 1238

annotation

Answer 1238

n. a short explanation or note added to a text or image, or the act of adding short explanations or notes - well, it involves some annotations in the particular edition here.

Question 1239

The plot thickens!

Answer 1239

used when a situation is becoming more and more complicated and puzzling.

Question 1240

prerequisite

Answer 1240

n. /priːˈrɛkwɪzɪt/ a thing that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or exist. - And this class is a prerequisite for other classes in my major.

Question 1241

thaw

Answer 1241

v. to turn back into water after being frozen ( = melt ) - This short bank thaws faster than the tall one does.

Question 1242

competent

Answer 1242

adj. having enough skill or knowledge to do something well or to the necessary standard - And having furniture and materials made to fit them makes kids feel more competent.

Question 1243

gradation

Answer 1243

n. any of the small changes or levels that something is divided into; the process or result of something changing gradually - gradation in size - Darwin saw that coral reefs were related to each other in a logical and gradational sequence.

Question 1244

subside

Answer 1244

v. /səbˈsaɪd/ 1. LESS STRONG 2. LOWER LEVEL: If a building, land, or water subsides, it goes down to a lower level. - Coral had been growing upward for tens of millions of years as Earth's crust ______ at a rate of between 15 and 51 meters per million years

Question 1245

rival

Answer 1245

v. to be as good, clever, beautiful, etc. as someone or something else - Indeed, they have been called the marine version of the tropical rain forest, rivaling their terrestrial counterparts in both richness of species and biological productivity. n. The companies produce _____ versions of the toy.

Question 1246

anarchy

Answer 1246

n. /ˈænərki/ a situation in a country, an organization, etc. in which there is no government, order or control -

Question 1247

construe

Answer 1247

to understand the meaning, especially of other people's actions and statements, in a particular way - So, when playwrights reinvent or update an earlier play, it shouldn’t be construed as a lack of imagination or an artistic failure.

Question 1248

repurcussion

Answer 1248

n. /ˌriː.pɚˈkʌʃ.ən/ the effect that an action, event, or decision has on something, especially a bad effect - Any decrease in tourism could have serious repercussions for the local economy. - One of the major developments of these new kingdoms was the resurgence of monarchy, which had many repercussions.

Question 1249

sovereign

Answer 1249

n. /ˈsɑːv.rən/ a king or queen adj. having the highest power or being completely independent - Inhabitants were less devoted to Hellenistic cities than Greeks had been to the polis in part because cites were not sovereign and did not have uniform laws.