Vocabulary

Question 1

PHI

Answer 1

• protected health information

Question 2

HIPAA

Answer 2

• Health Information Portability & Accountability Act

Question 3

perimetry

Answer 3

• test to measure visual field (area in space that is visible to the eye)
• automated –> VFT ( Humphrey, Dicon, Octopus)

Question 4

Snellen Fraction

Answer 4

• testing distance (20 ft)

- distance at which letter is standardized to be read (at 20ft).

Question 5

retinoscope

Answer 5

used for:

- objective measurement of the refractive power of the eye by observing reflex to light seen in pt’s eye

Question 6

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Answer 6

• laser based, non contact imaging technique for high resolution images of the retina and its components

Question 7

Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 7

• due to poor blood circulation that occurs with diabetes mellitus, new blood vessels grow in the retina
• new vessels are fragile and subsequently often leak or break. This can lead to scarring, hemorrhages, and retinal detachment (and possible permanent vision loss)
• diabetes is a major cause of blindness

Question 8

chalazion

Answer 8

• as inflammation resolves in a hordeolom (stye) it will sometimes leave a granuloma (small lump)
• commonly when hordeolum is recurrent

Question 9

spherocylindrical lenses

Answer 9

• combined spherical and plano cylindrical lens. Used for combo myopia/hyperopia and astigmatism
  ex) +2.00 x -1.00 x 180

Question 10

Glaucoma

Answer 10

• condition in which the optic nerve is damaged by increased ocular pressure
• primary open angle: painless, no known reason, high pressure, inadequate blood flow to retina causes permanent vision loss
• normal tension: damage without high pressure
• acute closure glaucoma: painful “hot” red eye, blurry vision, nausea, vomiting

Question 11

ptygerium

Answer 11

• abnormal, wedge-shaped growth of tissue on the conjunctiva
• may invade the cornea
• extreme exposure to wind, sun, sand are linked to condition

Question 12

exotropia

Answer 12

• eye turn outward

Question 13

esotropia

Answer 13

• form of strabismus (squint) in which one or both eyes turn inward
• related to hypertropia and exotropia

Question 14

hypertropia

Answer 14

• eye turn upward

Question 15

aphakia

Answer 15

• a condition that involves not having an eye lens
• when a cataract progresses to the degree that it interferes with vision, the lens can be surgically removed. This creates the condition of aphakia

Question 16

psuedophakia

Answer 16

• presence of an intraocular lens (IOL) implanted in the eye as part of treatment for cataracts or myopia
• done alongside cataract extraction

Question 17

keratometry (opthalmometry)

Answer 17

• measures curvature of the cornea
• determines focusing power of cornea
• we don’t use, AR has replaced measuring K’s

Question 18

cycloplegic drugs

Answer 18

• dilates the pupil by temporarily paralyzing the muscle that constricts the pupil
• prevents accommodation by paralyzing the ciliary body

Question 19

anesthetic drugs

Answer 19

• causes a temporary deadening of a nerve, resulting in loss of feeling in the surrounding area
• suffix “-caine” usually indicates the drug is an anesthetic
• topical or injection

Question 20

mydriatic drugs

Answer 20

• simulates the iris dilator muscle, causing pupil to dilate

- opposite of miotic

Question 21

miotic drugs

Answer 21

• act by stimulating the sphincter muscle of the iris, causing constriction of the pupil
• used to lower intraocular pressure by improving aqueous humor drainage through the trabecular meshwork
• opposite of mydriatic