Vocabulary Flashcards
Speech
The term “speech” is used to refer to the actual physical aspects of communicating a message.
Articulation
The production of speech sounds.
Voice
Voice is the sound produced by the vibration of the vocal folds.
Rhythm
Language generally flows out in speech in an appropriate rhythm, with pauses and stress in the right places.
Fluency
The smooth, meaningful flow of speech.
Language
Language is an organized set of symbols that are used to communicate thoughts and feelings.
Language form
The aspect of language concerned with how we say something; how we choose and combine symbols according to the rules of language.
Language content
The aspect of language concerned with meaning.
Language use
The aspect of language concerned with the purpose of our message as we relate to other people.
Phonology
How the sounds within a language are combined to convey meaning.
Morphology
How words are used and formed to convey a message.
Syntax
How words are put together in a sentence to convey meaning.
Semantics
The aspect of language concerned with meaning or content. VOCABULARY
Receptive language
Refers to the skills involved in understanding language.
Expressive language
Includes the skills involved in communicating one’s thoughts and feelings to others.
Morpheme
The smallest unit of meaning in a language.
Pragmatics
How we adjust our speech to our audience and use language toward the goal of communication.
Phonemic awareness
The understanding that letters map to sounds and that those sounds can be combined to make words.
metalinguistic competence
The ability to conceptualize.
Communicative competence
How to use language appropriately and strategically in social situations.
Oral language comprehension
The ability to speak and listen with understanding.
Sociocultural learning theory
Vygotsky: based on the idea that a learner’s environment plays a vital role in children’s learning development.
Formative assessment
forming judgements frequently over time.
Summative assessment
Summary assessment
Halliday’s function: Instrumental
Language is used to communicate preferences, choices, wants, or needs.
Halliday’s function: Personal
Language is used to express individuality.
Halliday’s function: Interactional
Language is used to interact and plan, develop, or maintain a play or group activity or social relationship.
Halliday’s function: Regulatory
Language is used to control.
Halliday’s function: Representational
Use language to explain.
Halliday’s function: Heuristic
language is used to find things out, wonder, or hypothesize
Halliday’s function: Imaginative
language is used to create, explore, and entertain
Substantive Conversations
Substantive conversations are most useful when adults
carefully listen to children, hear an idea from children’s talk and use it to form dialogue, and then extend the topic
Instruction
intentional teaching provides rich experiences to foster
children‘s oral language comprehension
Language conventions
model complex grammatical structures to bridge spoken word with children’s growing literacy skills
Listening comprehension
increases through interactions with others and with books that introduce new topics and concepts
phonemes
sound units of a language
Lexicon
a known set of vocabulary
