Vocabulary Flashcards
Keep track of the programming terms I am learning.
Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
A program used to write, right n and debug code. Converts code to machine code.
Console
Text interface that outputs text from the program.
Modulus (%)
Remainder of divisional operation. I.e
Take 10 / by 3 and give remainder (not answer). Used to determine if an integer is even or odd.
Strings
Text or Anything enclosed by quotation marks.
Concatenation
Adding strings together
Variable
Something that can store information, can be referenced and manipulated. Components of a Variable include: type, name, a piece of information
Primitive type variables
Integers, booleans, floats, doubles, strings and chars.
Integer
Variable that can store a whole number in range from -2147484648 to 2147483648. (NO decimals).
Boolean
True or False
Floats
32 bits of information.
Can store number w/ decimal places.
Doubles (Double Variables)
64 bits of information. Can store decimals.
String Variables
Strings of letters. Useful for displaying text and storing input information.
Char Variables
Stands for character. Holds just one character. Useful to read a button press or one character without a string.
Naming Variables
Variable names must be one continuous string. Folks use camelCase.
Conditional Statements
Change the path of the code based on certain conditions. Include: If statement.
Else-if statement
Follows an if statement, only be evaluated when the if statement is false.
Else statement
Follows an Else If Statement or If Statement. Carries out instructions when previous statements are false. Good idea to always have one for funky results.
Switch Statement
An easy way to collapse if statements.
Array
A list of Integers, strings, other arrays. All info in an array is related.
When created, must either fill the array with data or set the specific size of the array. Cannot be increased or decreased.
Must decide type of Array when initializing. Examples: String Array, Integer Array etc. Data type must be the same within the Array.
Index
Data’s place in an array. Start counting place at zero.
2D Array
An array made up of arrays. Has two numbers for it’s index.
Loops
A statement that is used to run certain instructions repeatedly. Useful for repeated sections of code
For Loop
Carry out certain instructions numerous times. 3 basic parts: integer value, conditional statement the integer must reach to exit the loop, operation to modify the integer value after the instructions inside loop are completed. MUST set up exit condition or infinite loop will crash prog.
For Each Loop
Used for iterating through entire arrays or lists.
While Loop
Continuously carries out instructions while a condition statement is true. May be an infinite loop.
Do-while Loop
Similar to while loops, but always carry out instructions once. Instructions run once before checking the conditional statement.
Syntax Error
Parts of the program where you fail to meet the programming rules.
Runtime Error
Part of code cannot be computed in a reasonable amount of time like the infinite loop.
Logic Error
Code runs but result isn’t what you wanted.
Breakpoint
Pauses a program when the line you placed it at is reached untill you continue.
Function
Segment of code that can be easily run by calling the function name. Example: Print, loop, calculations. Found actions recycle sections of code that are used over and over. They save space and are powerful.
Name 4 types of functions
Takes Arguments, Returned Values
Takes Arguments, Returns No Value
Doesn’t Take in Argents, Returns Values
Doesn’t Take in Argents, Returns No Values
Arguments
Variables we pass into a function to be returned, printed or used in other operations. Any kind of variable can be used.
Import Function
Used to import libraries of code from exterior sources. Must specify library, package, and class.
ArrayLists
A growing array that dynamically changes size. Defaults to 10 to start.
Dictionaries
Stores multiple values and is tied to an identifier called a key that is used to reference it.
Searching Algorithms
Look for a particular piece of data in an array.
Linear Search
Starts at top, goes down in order.
Binary Seach
Must be an ordered list. Goes to middle value, figures out if desired data comes before or after, eliminates the half off the list without the data, halves the list again, etc.
Recursion
When a function repeatedly calls itself. Breaks larger problems into simpler pieces.
Stack
Data structure that contains all of the instructions your program needs to complete.
LIFO Structure
Last in, first out. (Last item on the stack is fist completed.)
