Vocabulary Flashcards
Onset
in a syllable the onset is the initial consonant sound or consonant blend
Rime
Vowel and consonant
-vowel and any consonants that follow
Digraph
When two letters come together to produce one sound
ex: in the word digraph the ph makes the /f/ sound
Alphabetic Principle
one letter stands for one sound
Intonation
the rise and fall of the voice when speaking
Accuracy
reading words without making mistakes
Inflectional Suffixes
plural, possessives, verb tenses
Derivational Suffixes
changes meaning of a word
ex: observe, observer, observant
Homophone
produce the same sound
ex: to, too, two
Homograph
same spelling, different meaning
ex: lead (group leader), Lead (pencil lead)
Homonym
same name words
ex: cool (body temperature), cool (slang)
Automaticity
fast and effortless word recognition
Decode
students are able to look at words and read them
Encode
students are given a word and they can write and spell it correctly
Dipthong
a gliding vowel makes two sounds
ex: cow. oil, boy
Prosody
reading with expression, phrasing, pitch, volume
Phonological Awareness
awareness that oral language is made up of smaller units, such as spoken words or syllables
Phonemic Awareness
ability to distinguish the separate phonemes in a sound
ability to hear, identify and manipulate individual sounds
Long vowel
a vowel says its name
Short Vowel
occur in words like pet, cat, bit, cot
Print Awareness
oral language can be written
Grapheme
written representation of a sound
Phoneme
an individual sound a written letter makes
Factors that disrupt Fluency
weak word analysis
stopping to decode unfamiliar words
lack of content vocabulary
lack of background knowledge
inappropriate levels of texts
Instructional Level
word recognition 90% or higher
comprehension level 60% or higher
a student can be instructed
Independent Level
word recognition 95% or higher
Comprehension 90% or higher
a student can read and comprehend without assistance
Word Recognition
word recognition less than 90%
comprehension less than 60%
student is completely unable to read with adequate word identification or comprehension
