vocabulary 1/24 Flashcards
enclosure movement
The enclosure movement was this: wealthy farmers bought land from small farmers, then benefited from economies of scale in farming huge tracts of land. The enclosure movement led to improved crop production, such as the rotation of crops.
crop rotation
Crop rotation is also used to control pests and diseases that can become established in the soil over time. The changing of crops in a sequence decreases the population level of pests by (1) interrupting pest life cycles and (2) interrupting pest habitat
industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution is the name given the movement in which machines changed people’s way of life as well as their methods of manufacture. About the time of the American Revolution, the people of England began to use machines to make cloth and steam engines to run the machines.
factors of production
The factors of production are resources that are the building blocks of the economy; they are what people use to produce goods and services. Economists divide the factors of production into four categories: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.
mechanization
Mechanization or mechanisation (British English) is the process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing that work with machinery.
factory system
The factory system is a method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labour.
cottage industry
a business or manufacturing activity carried on in a person’s home
entrepreneur
a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.
tenements
a room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments.
mass production
“Mass production”, “flow production” or “continuous production” is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines.
ford ism
Fordism is a term widely used to describe (1) the system of mass production that was pioneered in the early 20th century by the Ford Motor Company or (2) the typical postwar mode of economic growth and its associated political and social order in advanced capitalism.
corporation
a company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.
strikes
hit forcibly and deliberately with one’s hand or a weapon or other implement.
unions
the action or fact of joining or being joined, especially in a political context
collective
done by people acting as a group.
bargaining
negotiate the terms and conditions of a transaction
eli whitney
Eli Whitney was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South.
james watt
James Gaius Watt served as U.S. Secretary of the Interior from 1981 to 1983. Often described as “anti-environmentalist”, he was one of Ronald Reagan’s most controversial cabinet appointments.
henry bessemer
Sir Henry Bessemer was an English inventor, whose steelmaking process would become the most important technique for making steel in the nineteenth century. He also established the town of Sheffield as a major industrial centre.
richard arkwright
Sir Richard Arkwright was an inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution.
robert fulton
Robert Fulton was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat called The North River Steamboat of Claremont.
samuerl morse
Samuel Finley Breese Morse was an American painter and inventor. After having established his reputation as a portrait painter, in his middle age Morse contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs
henry ford
Henry Ford was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.
immigration
the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.
