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Atomic Structures (2008) > Vocabularly > Flashcards

Vocabularly Flashcards

1
Q

X-Ray

A

A penetrating form of high-frequency, short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation.
Only Gamma Rays are more powerful.

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2
Q

Weak Force/Interaction

A

The fundamental force responsible for radioactive decay processes.
Transmitted by Bosons.

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3
Q

Wave-Particle Duality

A

Having both wave and particle characteristics.

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4
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between repeating parts (crests and troughs) of a wave pattern.

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5
Q

Transmute

A

To change one substance into another.

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6
Q

Subatomic Particle

A

A particle smaller than an atom.

One of the atoms component parts.

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7
Q

Strong Force/ Interaction

A

The force holding the nucleus of an atom together.

Transmitted by Gluons.

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8
Q

Spectral Lines

A

A distinctive pattern of colored lines (specific wavelengths of light) given off by elements as they are heated.

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9
Q

Radioactivity

A

The spontaneous breakdown, or decay, of the nucleus of an atom.

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10
Q

Quark

A

A fundamental subatomic particle.

One of the most basic building blocks of matter.

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11
Q

Quantum

A

A small unit of energy.

Quanta is the plural form of quantum.

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12
Q

Proton

A

A positively charged particle in the nucleus of atoms.

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13
Q

Positron

A

A positively charged electron.

The antiparticle of an electron.

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14
Q

Photon

A

A particle of light energy.

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15
Q

Orbitals

A

Zones within an atom in which an electron is likely to be found.

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16
Q

Nucleus

A

The small, massive, positively charged center of an atom formed by protons and neutrons.
*The hydrogen nucleus contains only a proton

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17
Q

Neutron

A

A neutral particle in the nucleus of an atom, with roughly the same mass as a proton

18
Q

Neutrino

A

A massless or nearly massless subatomic particle that is electrically neutral.

19
Q

Molecule

A

A combination of one or more atoms chemically bonded together.

20
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter in something.

21
Q

Lepton

A

An elementary subatomic particle that cannot be broken down.

Sensitive to the weak force.

22
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same elements that have different atomic weights(due to the difference of their number of neutrons).

23
Q

Ions

A

Atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons and carry a charge.

24
Q

Hadron

A

A subatomic particle made up of quarks that is sensitive to the strong force.

25
Q

Gravity

A

The force of attraction between objects with mass.

26
Q

Gamma Ray

A

A powerful form of high frequency, short wavelength electromagnetic radiation.

27
Q

Frequency

A

The number of times a wave of electromagnetic radiation repeats per unit of time.

28
Q

Force Carriers

A

Subatomic particles responsible for transmitting force in particle reactions.

29
Q

Elements

A

Substances that can not be physically or chemically broken down into simpler substances.

30
Q

Electron

A

A negatively charge subatomic particle that is found outside the atomic nucleus.
One of six types of leptons.

31
Q

Electromagnetic Radiation

A

Waves of energy that move through space and have both electric and magnetic properties.

32
Q

Electrolysis

A

The process of using an electric current to separate a compound into its component elements.

33
Q

Cathode Ray Tube

A

A vacuum tube with electrodes at each end originally used to study electricity.

34
Q

Cathode Rays

A

Streams of fast moving electrons emitted by the negative electrode(cathode) in a cathode ray tube.

35
Q

Beta Particle

A

Another (older) name for an electron

36
Q

Beta Decay

A

A form of radioactive decay in which an atom emits an electron or a positron along with an antineutrino or a neutrino.

37
Q

Atomic Weight

A

The average mass of the atoms ( including all isotopes) in a naturally occurring element

38
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

39
Q

Atom

A

A building block of matter.

The smallest unit of an element that still retains its identity in chemical reactions.

40
Q

Antimatter

A

Matter composed of antiparticles.

41
Q

Alpha Particle

A

A fast moving helium ion, consisting of two protons and two neutrons, emitted by certain types of radioactive substances

Atomic Structures (2008) (3 decks)

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