Vocab_1 Flashcards
1
Q
aggregate
A
the total after a lot of different figures or points have been added together
The smaller minorities got an aggregate of 1,327 votes.
In the aggregate (=as a group or in total), women outlive men by 7 or more years.
2
Q
boon
A
something that is very useful and makes your life a lot easier or better
The bus service is a real boon to people in the village.
Mối lợi; lợi ích
3
Q
flammable
A
something that is flammable burns easily → inflammable,nonflammable
Caution! Highly flammable liquid.
4
Q
susceptible
5
Q
unsullied
A
not spoiled by anything
6
Q
tonic
A
something that makes you feel happy and full of energy
A weekend by the sea was the perfect tonic.
một liều thuốc bổ tốt
7
Q
constitution
A
a set of basic laws and principles that a country or organization is governed by
The right to speak freely is written into the Constitution of the United States.
hiến pháp
your health and your body’s ability to fight illness
She’s got a strong constitution – she’ll recover in no time.
thể chất
8
Q
currency
A
the state of being accepted or used by a lot of people
Marxism began to gain currency.
9
Q
enthrall
10
Q
lend itself to something
A
to be suitable for being used in a particular way
None of her books really lends itself to being made into a film.
11
Q
intimidate
12
Q
stalk
A
to follow a person or animal quietly in order to catch and attack or kill them
a tiger stalking its prey
to follow and watch someone over a long period of time in a way that is very annoying or threatening, and that is considered a crime in some places
She was stalked by an obsessed fan.
13
Q
a/somebody’s penchant for something
14
Q
veteran
15
Q
spectator
16
Q
emblem
17
Q
coloration
18
Q
moth
19
Q
temperate
20
Q
camouflage
A
to hide something, especially by making it look the same as the things around it, or by making it seem like something else
I saw a truck, heavily camouflaged with netting and branches.
21
Q
deposition
22
Q
incremental
23
Q
symphony
24
Q
bore
25
snack
To eat small amounts of something as a snack.
*I've been snacking on that roast ham all day, so I'm not terribly hungry.*
26
discard
to get [rid](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/rid) of something **SNY throw away**
Discard any old cleaning materials. discarded paper
27
repertoire
all the plays, pieces of [music](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/music) etc that a [performer](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/performer) or group knows and can [perform](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/perform)
*a **wide repertoire** of songs*
28
exemplify
to be a very [typical](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/typical) example of something
*The building exemplifies the style of architecture which was popular at the time.*
29
hemlock
a very [poisonous](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/poisonous) plant, or the [poison](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/poison) that is made from it
30
replenish
to put new [supplies](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/supply) into something, or to [fill](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/fill) something again
*More vaccines are needed to replenish our stocks.*
31
substitute
someone who does someone else’s job for a [limited](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/limit) [period](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/period) of time, especially in a [sports](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/sport) [team](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/team) or school
*The coach has to find a substitute for Tim.*
to use something new or different instead of something else
*The recipe says you can substitute yoghurt for the sour cream.*
**be no substitute for something**
*Vitamin pills are no substitute for a healthy diet.*
32
credit
**credit somebody with (doing) something**
to believe or [admit](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/admit) that someone has a [quality](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/quality), or has done something good
*Evans is credited with inventing the system.*
33
hindrance
something or someone that makes it [difficult](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/difficult) for you to do something
*A degree is **more of a hindrance than a help** in British industry.*
34
affinity
a strong feeling that you like and [understand](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/understand) someone or something
*his remarkable affinity with animals*
a close [relationship](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/relationship) between two things because of [qualities](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/quality) or [features](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/feature) that they [share](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/share)
the affinity between Christian and Chinese concepts of the spirit
35
ruse
a [clever](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/clever) [trick](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/trick) used to [deceive](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/deceive) someone
Agnes tried to think of a ruse to get Paul out of the house.
36
treacherous
someone who is treacherous cannot be [trusted](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/trust) because they are not [loyal](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/loyal) and secretly [intend](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/intend) to [harm](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/harm) you
*a treacherous plot to overthrow the leader*
ground, roads, [weather](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/weather) conditions etc that are treacherous are particularly [dangerous](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/dangerous) because you cannot see the [dangers](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/danger) very easily
*treacherous mountain roads*
37
frigid
a woman who is frigid does not like having [sex](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/sex)
not [friendly](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/friendly) or kind
*The guard looked at us with a frigid stare.*
very [cold](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/cold) **icy**
*the frigid air*
38
embark
to start something, especially something new, difficult, or [exciting](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/excite)
*He embarked on a new career as a teacher.*
39
springboard
something that helps you to start doing something
*The TV soap has been a springboard for a lot of careers.*
40
propagate
to [spread](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/spread) an idea, [belief](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/belief) etc to many people
The group launched a website to **propagate** its **ideas**.
/ˈprɒpəɡeɪt/
41
gangplank
a [board](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/board) for walking on between a [boat](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/boat) and the [shore](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/shore), or between two boats
42
porthole
a small round [window](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/window) on the side of a [ship](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/ship) or [plane](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/plane)
43
parting
an [occasion](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/occasion) when two people leave each other
*an emotional parting at the airport*
44
cricket
con dế
45
smuggle
to take something or someone illegally from one country to another
* he guns were smuggled across the border.*
* Illegal immigrants are smuggled into the country by boat.*
to take something or someone secretly to a place where they are not [allowed](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/allow) to be
*He smuggled his notes into the exam.*
46
disembark
to get off a [ship](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/ship) or [aircraft](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/aircraft)
to put people or goods onto the [shore](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/shore) from a ship
*The only one to **disembark** at Tiree was me*
47
sensationalism
a way of reporting events or stories that makes them seem as [strange](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/strange), [exciting](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/excite), or [shocking](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/shocking) as possible – used to show [disapproval](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/disapproval)
48
peddle
to sell goods to people, especially goods that people [disapprove](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/disapprove) of because they are [illegal](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/illegal), [harmful](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/harmful), or of not very high quality
*They were accused of **peddling drugs**.*
to try to sell things to people, especially by going from place to place
*Farmers come to Seoul to peddle rice.*
to try to [persuade](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/persuade) people to accept an [opinion](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/opinion) or idea which is wrong or [false](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/false)
*politicians peddling instant solutions to long-standing problems*
49
watchword
a [word](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/word) or [phrase](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/phrase) that [expresses](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/express) an [attitude](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/attitude) or [belief](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/belief)
*Environmental quality will be the watchword for the 21st century*.
50
tabloid
a [newspaper](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/newspaper) that has small [pages](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/page), a lot of [photographs](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/photograph), and stories mainly about [sex](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/sex), [famous](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/famous) people etc rather than [serious](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/serious) [news](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/news)
tabloid journalists / journalism
51
dub
to give something or someone a name that [describes](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/describe) them in some way **→** **label****,****name**
*The body, thousands of years old, was found in the Alps and dubbed ‘The Iceman’.*
to change the [original](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/original) [spoken](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/speak) [language](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/language) of a [film](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/film) or [television](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/television) [programme](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/programme) into another language
*a British film dubbed into French*
52
sentiment
an [opinion](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/opinion) or feeling you have about something
* Similar sentiments were expressed by many politicians.*
* the anti-immigrant sentiments expressed by some Americans*
53
taint
if a situation or person is tainted by something, it [damages](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/damage) them by making them seem bad
*Baker argues that his trial was tainted by negative publicity.*
to damage something by adding an [unwanted](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/unwanted) [substance](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/substance) to it
*The water had been tainted with a deadly toxin.*
54
propaganda
information which is [false](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/false) or which [emphasizes](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/emphasize) just one part of a situation, used by a government or political group to make people [agree](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/agree) with them
*the spreading of **political propaganda***
55
stray
to move away from the place you should be
**stray into/onto/from**
*Three of the soldiers strayed into enemy territory.*
to begin to [deal](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/deal) with or think about a [different](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/different) [subject](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/subject) from the [main](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/main) one, without [intending](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/intend) to
**stray into/onto/from**
* We’re straying into ethnic issues here.*
* This meeting is beginning to **stray from the point**.*
56
handpicked
someone who is handpicked has been carefully [chosen](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/choose) for a special [purpose](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/purpose)
*one of his handpicked advisers*
57
prone
likely to do something or [suffer](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/suffer) from something, especially something bad or [harmful](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/harmful)
Some plants are very prone to disease.
Kids are all prone to eat junk food.
58
put/leave something on the back burner
*informal* to [delay](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/delay) doing something until a [later](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/late) time
The government quietly put the scheme on the back burner.
59
gate agent
Gate agents work at the boarding gates of airports, assisting passengers in boarding their flights and in disembarking their flights
60
resort to something
to do something [bad](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/bad), [extreme](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/extreme), or [difficult](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/difficult) because you cannot think of any other way to [deal](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/deal) with a [problem](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/problem)
* Officials fear that extremists may **resort to violence**.*
* Vets have had to resort to killing the animals.*
61
curt
using very few words in a way that seems [rude](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/rude) **SYN** **abrupt**
With a curt nod, he turned away and sat down.
a curt note
62
rebuff
an [unkind](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/unkind) or [unfriendly](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/unfriendly) [answer](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/answer) to a [friendly](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/friendly) [suggestion](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/suggestion) or offer of help
He received a humiliating rebuff from his manager.
He rebuffed all her suggestions.
63
veto
if someone in [authority](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/authority) vetoes something, they [refuse](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/refuse) to [allow](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/allow) it to [happen](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/happen), especially something that other people or [organizations](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/organization) have [agreed](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/agree)
President Bush **vetoed** the **bill** on July 6.
to refuse to [accept](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/accept) a particular [plan](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/plan) or [suggestion](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/suggestion)
Jenny wanted to invite all her friends, but I quickly **vetoed** that **idea**.
64
negate
to [prevent](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/prevent) something from having any effect
Efforts to expand the tourist industry could be negated by reports that the sea is highly polluted.
65
shatter
to break suddenly into very small pieces, or to make something break in this way
The plate hit the floor, and shattered into tiny bits.
The explosion shattered the building.
to completely [destroy](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/destroy) or [ruin](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/ruin) something such as someone’s [beliefs](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/belief) or life
A tragic accident **shattered** her **dreams** of Olympic glory.
66
patent
(noun) a [special](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/special) [document](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/document) that gives you the right to make or [sell](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/sell) a new [**invention**](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/invention) or [product](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/product) that no one else is [allowed](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/allow) to [copy](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/copy) **→** **copyright**
He **applied for** a **patent** for a new method of removing paint.
He wants to **take out** a **patent** on his new type of dustbin.
(adj) [protected](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/protect) by a patent
a patent lock
(verb) to [obtain](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/obtain) a special document giving you the right to make or sell a new **invention** or product **→** **copyright**
67
improvise
to do something without any [preparation](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/preparation), because you are forced to do this by [unexpected](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/unexpected) events = wing
I forgot to bring my notes, so I had to improvise.
to [invent](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/invent) music, words, a [statement](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/statement) etc from your [imagination](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/imagination), rather than planning or [preparing](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/prepare) it first
* I just started playing, and the other guys started improvising around me.*
* an improvised sketch*
68
fertile
fertile [land](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/land) or [soil](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/soil) is [able](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/able) to produce good [crops](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/crop)
800 acres of fertile cropland
69
extemporize
to speak or [perform](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/perform) without [preparation](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/preparation) or [practice](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/practice)
70
ordain
to officially make someone a [priest](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/priest) or [religious](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/religious) [leader](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/leader)
The church voted to allow women to be ordained as priests.
to order that something should happen
The King ordained that deer should not be hunted without a royal licence.
71
the epitome of something
the best possible example of something
He was **the very epitome of** evil.
72
swindle
to get money from someone by [deceiving](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/deceive) them **SYN** **cheat**
a businessman who swindled investors out of millions of pounds
a situation in which someone gets money by deceiving
someone else a big tax swindle
73
sniff something ↔ out
to [discover](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/discover) or find something by its [smell](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/smell)
A customs officer came round with a dog to sniff out drugs.
to find out or discover something
Vic’s been trying to sniff out where you went last night.
74
sneak
to go somewhere secretly and quietly in order to [avoid](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/avoid) being seen or heard **SYN** **creep**
They sneaked off without paying!
She snuck out of the house once her parents were asleep.
to [hide](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/hide) something and take it somewhere or give it to someone secretly
Douglas had sneaked his camera into the show.
75
commotion
[sudden](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/sudden) [noisy](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/noisy) activity
Everyone looked to see what was **causing** the **commotion**.
76
ensuing
happening after a particular action or event, especially as a result of it **SYN** **following**
The situation deteriorated over the ensuing weeks.
77
clamour
a very [loud](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/loud) [noise](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/noise) made by a large group of people or animals
He shouted over the rising clamour of voices.
the [expression](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/expression) of [feelings](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/feeling) of [anger](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/anger) and [shock](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/shock) by a large number of people – used especially in [news](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/news) reports
Trouillot disregarded the growing **public clamour** for her resignation.
78
make off with something
to [steal](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/steal) something and take it away with you
Thieves broke into the school and made off with computer equipment worth £40,000.
79
vigor
[physical](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/physical) or [mental](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/mental) [energy](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/energy) and [determination](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/determination)
He began working with **renewed vigour**.
80
appease
to make someone less [angry](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/angry) or stop them from attacking you by giving them what they want
They attempted to appease international opposition by promising to hold talks.
Khuyên giải; an ủi, làm cho khuây, làm cho nguôi; dỗ dành
81
filthy
very [dirty](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/dirty)
The house was filthy, with clothes and newspapers strewn everywhere.
showing [anger](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/anger) or [annoyance](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/annoyance)
Simon had been drinking and was in a filthy temper.
82
rectify
to [correct](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/correct) something that is [wrong](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/wrong) **SYN** **put right**
I did my best to rectify the situation, but the damage was already done.
83
embellish
to make something more [beautiful](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/beautiful) by adding [decorations](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/decoration) to it **SYN** **decorate**
The dress was embellished with gold threads
to make a [story](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/story) or [statement](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/statement) more [interesting](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/interesting) by adding [details](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/detail) that are not [true](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/true) **SYN** **embroider**
She gave an embellished account of what had happened.
84
humility
the quality of not being too [proud](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/proud) about yourself – use this to show [approval](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/approval)
He spoke with great humility about his role, praising the efforts of his teammates above his own.
85
contender
someone or something that is in [competition](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/competition) with other people or things
a contender for the title
Her album is a strong contender for the Album of the Year award.
86
disseminate
to [spread](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/spread) information or ideas to as many people as possible
Her findings have been **widely disseminated**.
87
unwieldy
an unwieldy [object](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/object) is big, [heavy](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/heavy), and [difficult](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/difficult) to [carry](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/carry) or use
an unwieldy system, [argument](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/argument), or [organization](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/organization) is difficult to control or [manage](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/manage) because it is too [complicated](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/complicate)
88
covet
to have a very strong [desire](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/desire) to have something that someone else has
*The Michelin Awards are coveted by restaurants all over the world.*
89
oblivious
not [knowing](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/knowing) about or not noticing something that is happening around you **SYN** **unaware**
He seemed oblivious to the fact that he had hurt her.
90
prairie
a [wide](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/wide) open area of fairly [flat](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/flat) land in [North](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/north) America which is covered in [grass](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/grass) or [wheat](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/wheat)
91
**get/find your bearings**
**a)** to find out exactly where you are
He paused to get his bearings.
**b)** to feel [confident](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/confident) that you know what you should do next
An introduction session helps new students get their bearings.
92
deplete
to [reduce](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/reduce) the amount of something that is present or [available](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/available)
Salmon populations have been **severely depleted**.
93
dismay
to make someone feel worried, [disappointed](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/disappoint), and [upset](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/upset)
The poor election turnout dismayed politicians.
the [worry](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/worry), [disappointment](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/disappointment), or unhappiness you feel when something [unpleasant](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/unpleasant) happens
The thought of leaving **filled** him **with dismay**.
94
alliteration
he use of several words together that begin with the same sound or [letter](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/letter) in order to make a special effect, especially in [poetry](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/poetry)
95
simile
an [expression](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/expression) that [describes](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/describe) something by [comparing](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/compare) it with something else, using the words ‘as’ or ‘like’, for example ‘as white as [snow](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/snow)
96
allusion
it is a reference to a historical, biblical, literary or mythical person or event
97
slaughter
to [kill](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/kill) an [animal](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/animal), especially for its [meat](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/meat)
98
excuse
to [forgive](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/forgive) someone for doing something that is not seriously [wrong](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/wrong), such as being [rude](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/rude) or [careless](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/careless)
Please excuse me for being so late today.
99
doormat
a piece of [material](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/material) [inside](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/inside#inside__9) or [outside](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/outside#outside__8) a door for you to [clean](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/clean) your [shoes](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/shoe) on
100
peril
great [danger](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/danger), especially of being [harmed](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/harm) or [killed](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/kill)
They put their own lives in peril to rescue their friends.
101
courageous
brave.
He was wrong, and courageous enough to admit it.
102
disdain
a [complete](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/complete) [lack](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/lack) of [respect](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/respect) that you show for someone or something because you think they are not important or good enough
She watched me with disdain.
to have no respect for someone or something, because you think they are not important or good enough
Childcare was seen as women’s work, and men disdained it.
103
warp
if something warps, or if [heat](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/heat) or [cold](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/cold) warps it, it becomes [bent](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/bend) or [twisted](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/twist), and loses its [original](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/original) [shape](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/shape)
The door must be warped. It won’t close properly.
to [influence](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/influence) someone in a way that has a [harmful](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/harmful) effect on how they think or [behave](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/behave)
You mustn’t allow your dislike of her to **warp** your **judgment**.
104
conviction
a very strong [belief](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/belief) or [opinion](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/opinion)
a woman of strong political convictions
the feeling of being [sure](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/sure) about something and having no [doubts](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/doubt)
He was able to say with conviction that he had changed.
a [decision](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/decision) in a [court](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/court) of [law](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/law) that someone is [guilty](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/guilty) of a [crime](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/crime), or the [process](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/process) of [proving](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/prove) that someone is guilty **OPP** **acquittal**
They had no previous convictions.
105
persistent
continuing to [exist](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/exist) or happen, especially for longer than is [usual](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/usual) or [desirable](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/desirable)
persistent rumours
continuing to do something, although this is difficult, or other people [warn](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/warn) you not to do it
If she hadn’t been so persistent she might not have gotten the job.
106
destitue
having no money, no [food](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/food), no home etc
The floods **left** many people **destitute**.
**be destitute of something**
*literary* to be completely without something
a man who is destitute of mercy
NOUN: destitution
107
deformed
something that is [deformed](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/deform) has the wrong shape, especially because it has grown or developed wrongly
deformed toe
108
distort
to change the [appearance](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/appearance), sound, or [shape](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/shape) of something so that it is [strange](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/strange) or [unclear](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/unclear)
Tall buildings can distort radio signals.
to report something in a way that is not completely true or [correct](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/correct)
His account was badly distorted by the press
to change a situation from the way it would naturally be
an expensive subsidy which distorts the market
109
ample
more than enough **SYN** **sufficient** **OPP** **insufficient**
You’ll have ample time for questions later.
110
adulterant
a [substance](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/substance) that is secretly [added](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/add) to food or [drink](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/drink), making it less [pure](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/pure)
Noun: food adulteration
111
zeal
eagerness to do something, especially to [achieve](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/achieve) a particular [religious](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/religious) or political [aim](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/aim)
He approached the job with missionary zeal.
In their zeal to catch drug dealers, police have ignored citizens’ basic civil rights.
112
crusade
a [determined](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/determine) [attempt](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/attempt) to change something because you think you are morally [right](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/right) **→** **campaign**
He seems to be running a one-man crusade against cigarette smoking.
113
preservative
a [chemical](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/chemical) [substance](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/substance) that is used to [prevent](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/prevent) things from [decaying](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/decay), for example food or [wood](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/wood)
food that contains no **artificial preservatives**
114
outcry
an [angry](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/angry) [protest](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/protest) by a lot of [ordinary](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/ordinary) people
The closure of the local hospital has caused a huge **public outcry**.
115
outrage
to make someone feel very [angry](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/angry) and shocked
Customers were outraged by the price increases
a feeling of great [anger](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/anger) and [shock](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/shock)
environmentalists’ outrage at plans to develop the coastline
116
mason bee
ong thợ
117
flit
to move lightly or quickly and not [stay](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/stay) in one place for very long
She seemed to spend her life flitting from one country to another.
118
impaired
[damaged](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/damage), less strong, or not as good as before
impaired vision
**visually/hearing/mentally etc impaired** (=used to describe someone who cannot see, hear etc well)
119
fleeting
lasting for only a short time **SYN** **brief**
I caught a **fleeting glimpse** of them as they drove past.
120
level-headed
[calm](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/calm) and [sensible](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/sensible) in making judgments or decisions **OPP** **hot-headed**
121
perish
*formal* or *literary* to die, especially in a [terrible](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/terrible) or [sudden](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/sudden) way Hundreds perished when the ship went down.
122
at once
immediately or without [delay](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/delay)
Now, go upstairs at once and clean your room!
[together](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/together#together__11), at the same time
I can’t do two things at once!
123
distasteful
[unpleasant](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/unpleasant) or morally [offensive](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/offensive)
What follows is John’s story. Parts of it may seem distasteful, even shocking.
124
dissuade
to [persuade](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/persuade) someone not to do something **OPP** **persuade**
campaign to dissuade young people from smoking
125
assimilation
the process of [understanding](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/understanding) and using new ideas
the process of becoming an [accepted](https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/accept) part of a country or group
