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Vocab_1 Flashcards

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1
Q

aggregate

A

the total after a lot of different figures or points have been added together
The smaller minorities got an aggregate of 1,327 votes.

In the aggregate (=as a group or in total), women outlive men by 7 or more years.

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2
Q

boon

A

something that is very useful and makes your life a lot easier or better

The bus service is a real boon to people in the village.

Mối lợi; lợi ích

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3
Q

flammable

A

something that is flammable burns easily → inflammable,nonflammable

Caution! Highly flammable liquid.

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4
Q

susceptible

A

likely to suffer from a particular illness or be affected by a particular problem

Older people are more susceptible to infections.

a susceptible person is easily influenced or attracted by someone or something

A lot of TV advertising is aimed at susceptible young children.

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5
Q

unsullied

A

not spoiled by anything

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6
Q

tonic

A

something that makes you feel happy and full of energy

A weekend by the sea was the perfect tonic.

một liều thuốc bổ tốt

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7
Q

constitution

A

a set of basic laws and principles that a country or organization is governed by

The right to speak freely is written into the Constitution of the United States.

hiến pháp

your health and your body’s ability to fight illness

She’s got a strong constitution – she’ll recover in no time.

thể chất

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8
Q

currency

A

the state of being accepted or used by a lot of people

Marxism began to gain currency.

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9
Q

enthrall

A

to make someone very interested and excited, so that they listen or watch something very carefully

The children were enthralled by the story she was telling.

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10
Q

lend itself to something

A

to be suitable for being used in a particular way

None of her books really lends itself to being made into a film.

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11
Q

intimidate

A

to frighten or threaten someone into making them do what you want

They tried to intimidate the young people into voting for them.

to make someone feel worried and not confident

The whole idea of going to Oxford intimidated me.

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12
Q

stalk

A

to follow a person or animal quietly in order to catch and attack or kill them

a tiger stalking its prey

to follow and watch someone over a long period of time in a way that is very annoying or threatening, and that is considered a crime in some places

She was stalked by an obsessed fan.

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13
Q

a/somebody’s penchant for something

A

if you have a penchant for something, you like that thing very much and try to do it or have it often

a penchant for fast cars

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14
Q

veteran

A

someone who has been a soldier, sailor etc in a war

a veteran of the Second World War

someone who has had a lot of experience of a particular activity

a veteran of countless political campaigns

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15
Q

spectator

A

someone who is watching an event or game → audience

The match attracted over 40,000 spectators.

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16
Q

emblem

A

a picture, shape, or object that is used to represent a country, organization etc → logo

The national emblem of Canada is a maple leaf.

something that represents an idea, principle, or situation → symbol

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17
Q

coloration

A

the colours or pattern of colours on a plant or animal

But some edible insects mimic the bright coloration to throw off their enemies.

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18
Q

moth

A

an insect related to the butterfly that flies mainly at night and is attracted to lights. Some moths eat holes in cloth.

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19
Q

temperate

A

behaviour that is temperate is calm and sensible OPP intemperate

The weather here continues to be temperate!

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20
Q

camouflage

A

to hide something, especially by making it look the same as the things around it, or by making it seem like something else

I saw a truck, heavily camouflaged with netting and branches.

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21
Q

deposition

A

the natural process of depositing a substance on rocks or soil

the act of removing someone from a position of power

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22
Q

incremental

A

increasing in amount or value gradually and by a regular amount

incremental pay scales

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23
Q

symphony

A

a long piece of music usually in four parts, written for an orchestra

Bruckner’s Fifth Symphony

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24
Q

bore

A

to make a deep round hole in a hard surface

bore something through/into/in something

The machine bores a hole through the cards

/bɔː $ bɔːr/

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25
Q

snack

A

To eat small amounts of something as a snack.

I’ve been snacking on that roast ham all day, so I’m not terribly hungry.

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26
Q

discard

A

to get rid of something SNY throw away

Discard any old cleaning materials. discarded paper

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27
Q

repertoire

A

all the plays, pieces of music etc that a performer or group knows and can perform

a wide repertoire of songs

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28
Q

exemplify

A

to be a very typical example of something

The building exemplifies the style of architecture which was popular at the time.

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29
Q

hemlock

A

a very poisonous plant, or the poison that is made from it

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30
Q

replenish

A

to put new supplies into something, or to fill something again

More vaccines are needed to replenish our stocks.

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31
Q

substitute

A

someone who does someone else’s job for a limited period of time, especially in a sports team or school

The coach has to find a substitute for Tim.

to use something new or different instead of something else

The recipe says you can substitute yoghurt for the sour cream.

be no substitute for something

Vitamin pills are no substitute for a healthy diet.

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32
Q

credit

A

credit somebody with (doing) something

to believe or admit that someone has a quality, or has done something good

Evans is credited with inventing the system.

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33
Q

hindrance

A

something or someone that makes it difficult for you to do something

A degree is more of a hindrance than a help in British industry.

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34
Q

affinity

A

a strong feeling that you like and understand someone or something

his remarkable affinity with animals

a close relationship between two things because of qualities or features that they share

the affinity between Christian and Chinese concepts of the spirit

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35
Q

ruse

A

a clever trick used to deceive someone

Agnes tried to think of a ruse to get Paul out of the house.

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36
Q

treacherous

A

someone who is treacherous cannot be trusted because they are not loyal and secretly intend to harm you

a treacherous plot to overthrow the leader

ground, roads, weather conditions etc that are treacherous are particularly dangerous because you cannot see the dangers very easily

treacherous mountain roads

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37
Q

frigid

A

a woman who is frigid does not like having sex

not friendly or kind

The guard looked at us with a frigid stare.

very cold icy

the frigid air

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38
Q

embark

A

to start something, especially something new, difficult, or exciting

He embarked on a new career as a teacher.

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39
Q

springboard

A

something that helps you to start doing something

The TV soap has been a springboard for a lot of careers.

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40
Q

propagate

A

to spread an idea, belief etc to many people

The group launched a website to propagate its ideas.

/ˈprɒpəɡeɪt/

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41
Q

gangplank

A

a board for walking on between a boat and the shore, or between two boats

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42
Q

porthole

A

a small round window on the side of a ship or plane

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43
Q

parting

A

an occasion when two people leave each other

an emotional parting at the airport

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44
Q

cricket

A

con dế

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45
Q

smuggle

A

to take something or someone illegally from one country to another

  • he guns were smuggled across the border.*
  • Illegal immigrants are smuggled into the country by boat.*

to take something or someone secretly to a place where they are not allowed to be

He smuggled his notes into the exam.

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46
Q

disembark

A

to get off a ship or aircraft

to put people or goods onto the shore from a ship

The only one to disembark at Tiree was me

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47
Q

sensationalism

A

a way of reporting events or stories that makes them seem as strange, exciting, or shocking as possible – used to show disapproval

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48
Q

peddle

A

to sell goods to people, especially goods that people disapprove of because they are illegal, harmful, or of not very high quality

They were accused of peddling drugs.

to try to sell things to people, especially by going from place to place

Farmers come to Seoul to peddle rice.

to try to persuade people to accept an opinion or idea which is wrong or false

politicians peddling instant solutions to long-standing problems

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49
Q

watchword

A

a word or phrase that expresses an attitude or belief

Environmental quality will be the watchword for the 21st century.

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50
Q

tabloid

A

a newspaper that has small pages, a lot of photographs, and stories mainly about sex, famous people etc rather than serious news

tabloid journalists / journalism

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51
Q

dub

A

to give something or someone a name that describes them in some way → label,name

The body, thousands of years old, was found in the Alps and dubbed ‘The Iceman’.

to change the original spoken language of a film or television programme into another language

a British film dubbed into French

52
Q

sentiment

A

an opinion or feeling you have about something

  • Similar sentiments were expressed by many politicians.*
  • the anti-immigrant sentiments expressed by some Americans*
53
Q

taint

A

if a situation or person is tainted by something, it damages them by making them seem bad

Baker argues that his trial was tainted by negative publicity.

to damage something by adding an unwanted substance to it

The water had been tainted with a deadly toxin.

54
Q

propaganda

A

information which is false or which emphasizes just one part of a situation, used by a government or political group to make people agree with them

the spreading of political propaganda

55
Q

stray

A

to move away from the place you should be

stray into/onto/from

Three of the soldiers strayed into enemy territory.

to begin to deal with or think about a different subject from the main one, without intending to

stray into/onto/from

  • We’re straying into ethnic issues here.*
  • This meeting is beginning to stray from the point.*
56
Q

handpicked

A

someone who is handpicked has been carefully chosen for a special purpose

one of his handpicked advisers

57
Q

prone

A

likely to do something or suffer from something, especially something bad or harmful

Some plants are very prone to disease.

Kids are all prone to eat junk food.

58
Q

put/leave something on the back burner

A

informal to delay doing something until a later time

The government quietly put the scheme on the back burner.

59
Q

gate agent

A

Gate agents work at the boarding gates of airports, assisting passengers in boarding their flights and in disembarking their flights

60
Q

resort to something

A

to do something bad, extreme, or difficult because you cannot think of any other way to deal with a problem

  • Officials fear that extremists may resort to violence.*
  • Vets have had to resort to killing the animals.*
61
Q

curt

A

using very few words in a way that seems rude SYN abrupt

With a curt nod, he turned away and sat down.

a curt note

62
Q

rebuff

A

an unkind or unfriendly answer to a friendly suggestion or offer of help

He received a humiliating rebuff from his manager.

He rebuffed all her suggestions.

63
Q

veto

A

if someone in authority vetoes something, they refuse to allow it to happen, especially something that other people or organizations have agreed

President Bush vetoed the bill on July 6.

to refuse to accept a particular plan or suggestion

Jenny wanted to invite all her friends, but I quickly vetoed that idea.

64
Q

negate

A

to prevent something from having any effect

Efforts to expand the tourist industry could be negated by reports that the sea is highly polluted.

65
Q

shatter

A

to break suddenly into very small pieces, or to make something break in this way

The plate hit the floor, and shattered into tiny bits.

The explosion shattered the building.

to completely destroy or ruin something such as someone’s beliefs or life

A tragic accident shattered her dreams of Olympic glory.

66
Q

patent

A

(noun) a special document that gives you the right to make or sell a new invention or product that no one else is allowed to copy → copyright

He applied for a patent for a new method of removing paint.

He wants to take out a patent on his new type of dustbin.

(adj) protected by a patent

a patent lock

(verb) to obtain a special document giving you the right to make or sell a new invention or product → copyright

67
Q

improvise

A

to do something without any preparation, because you are forced to do this by unexpected events = wing

I forgot to bring my notes, so I had to improvise.

to invent music, words, a statement etc from your imagination, rather than planning or preparing it first

  • I just started playing, and the other guys started improvising around me.*
  • an improvised sketch*
68
Q

fertile

A

fertile land or soil is able to produce good crops

800 acres of fertile cropland

69
Q

extemporize

A

to speak or perform without preparation or practice

70
Q

ordain

A

to officially make someone a priest or religious leader

The church voted to allow women to be ordained as priests.

to order that something should happen

The King ordained that deer should not be hunted without a royal licence.

71
Q

the epitome of something

A

the best possible example of something

He was the very epitome of evil.

72
Q

swindle

A

to get money from someone by deceiving them SYN cheat

a businessman who swindled investors out of millions of pounds

a situation in which someone gets money by deceiving

someone else a big tax swindle

73
Q

sniff something ↔ out

A

to discover or find something by its smell

A customs officer came round with a dog to sniff out drugs.

to find out or discover something

Vic’s been trying to sniff out where you went last night.

74
Q

sneak

A

to go somewhere secretly and quietly in order to avoid being seen or heard SYN creep

They sneaked off without paying!

She snuck out of the house once her parents were asleep.

to hide something and take it somewhere or give it to someone secretly

Douglas had sneaked his camera into the show.

75
Q

commotion

A

sudden noisy activity

Everyone looked to see what was causing the commotion.

76
Q

ensuing

A

happening after a particular action or event, especially as a result of it SYN following

The situation deteriorated over the ensuing weeks.

77
Q

clamour

A

a very loud noise made by a large group of people or animals

He shouted over the rising clamour of voices.

the expression of feelings of anger and shock by a large number of people – used especially in news reports

Trouillot disregarded the growing public clamour for her resignation.

78
Q

make off with something

A

to steal something and take it away with you

Thieves broke into the school and made off with computer equipment worth £40,000.

79
Q

vigor

A

physical or mental energy and determination

He began working with renewed vigour.

80
Q

appease

A

to make someone less angry or stop them from attacking you by giving them what they want

They attempted to appease international opposition by promising to hold talks.

Khuyên giải; an ủi, làm cho khuây, làm cho nguôi; dỗ dành

81
Q

filthy

A

very dirty

The house was filthy, with clothes and newspapers strewn everywhere.

showing anger or annoyance

Simon had been drinking and was in a filthy temper.

82
Q

rectify

A

to correct something that is wrong SYN put right

I did my best to rectify the situation, but the damage was already done.

83
Q

embellish

A

to make something more beautiful by adding decorations to it SYN decorate

The dress was embellished with gold threads

to make a story or statement more interesting by adding details that are not true SYN embroider

She gave an embellished account of what had happened.

84
Q

humility

A

the quality of not being too proud about yourself – use this to show approval

He spoke with great humility about his role, praising the efforts of his teammates above his own.

85
Q

contender

A

someone or something that is in competition with other people or things

a contender for the title

Her album is a strong contender for the Album of the Year award.

86
Q

disseminate

A

to spread information or ideas to as many people as possible

Her findings have been widely disseminated.

87
Q

unwieldy

A

an unwieldy object is big, heavy, and difficult to carry or use

an unwieldy system, argument, or organization is difficult to control or manage because it is too complicated

88
Q

covet

A

to have a very strong desire to have something that someone else has

The Michelin Awards are coveted by restaurants all over the world.

89
Q

oblivious

A

not knowing about or not noticing something that is happening around you SYN unaware

He seemed oblivious to the fact that he had hurt her.

90
Q

prairie

A

a wide open area of fairly flat land in North America which is covered in grass or wheat

91
Q

get/find your bearings

A

a) to find out exactly where you are

He paused to get his bearings.

b) to feel confident that you know what you should do next

An introduction session helps new students get their bearings.

92
Q

deplete

A

to reduce the amount of something that is present or available

Salmon populations have been severely depleted.

93
Q

dismay

A

to make someone feel worried, disappointed, and upset

The poor election turnout dismayed politicians.

the worry, disappointment, or unhappiness you feel when something unpleasant happens

The thought of leaving filled him with dismay.

94
Q

alliteration

A

he use of several words together that begin with the same sound or letter in order to make a special effect, especially in poetry

95
Q

simile

A

an expression that describes something by comparing it with something else, using the words ‘as’ or ‘like’, for example ‘as white as snow

96
Q

allusion

A

it is a reference to a historical, biblical, literary or mythical person or event

97
Q

slaughter

A

to kill an animal, especially for its meat

98
Q

excuse

A

to forgive someone for doing something that is not seriously wrong, such as being rude or careless

Please excuse me for being so late today.

99
Q

doormat

A

a piece of material inside or outside a door for you to clean your shoes on

100
Q

peril

A

great danger, especially of being harmed or killed

They put their own lives in peril to rescue their friends.

101
Q

courageous

A

brave.

He was wrong, and courageous enough to admit it.

102
Q

disdain

A

a complete lack of respect that you show for someone or something because you think they are not important or good enough

She watched me with disdain.

to have no respect for someone or something, because you think they are not important or good enough

Childcare was seen as women’s work, and men disdained it.

103
Q

warp

A

if something warps, or if heat or cold warps it, it becomes bent or twisted, and loses its original shape

The door must be warped. It won’t close properly.

to influence someone in a way that has a harmful effect on how they think or behave

You mustn’t allow your dislike of her to warp your judgment.

104
Q

conviction

A

a very strong belief or opinion

a woman of strong political convictions

the feeling of being sure about something and having no doubts

He was able to say with conviction that he had changed.

a decision in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime, or the process of proving that someone is guilty OPP acquittal

They had no previous convictions.

105
Q

persistent

A

continuing to exist or happen, especially for longer than is usual or desirable

persistent rumours

continuing to do something, although this is difficult, or other people warn you not to do it

If she hadn’t been so persistent she might not have gotten the job.

106
Q

destitue

A

having no money, no food, no home etc

The floods left many people destitute.

be destitute of something

literary to be completely without something

a man who is destitute of mercy

NOUN: destitution

107
Q

deformed

A

something that is deformed has the wrong shape, especially because it has grown or developed wrongly

deformed toe

108
Q

distort

A

to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear

Tall buildings can distort radio signals.

to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct

His account was badly distorted by the press

to change a situation from the way it would naturally be

an expensive subsidy which distorts the market

109
Q

ample

A

more than enough SYN sufficient OPP insufficient

You’ll have ample time for questions later.

110
Q

adulterant

A

a substance that is secretly added to food or drink, making it less pure

Noun: food adulteration

111
Q

zeal

A

eagerness to do something, especially to achieve a particular religious or political aim

He approached the job with missionary zeal.

In their zeal to catch drug dealers, police have ignored citizens’ basic civil rights.

112
Q

crusade

A

a determined attempt to change something because you think you are morally right → campaign

He seems to be running a one-man crusade against cigarette smoking.

113
Q

preservative

A

a chemical substance that is used to prevent things from decaying, for example food or wood

food that contains no artificial preservatives

114
Q

outcry

A

an angry protest by a lot of ordinary people

The closure of the local hospital has caused a huge public outcry.

115
Q

outrage

A

to make someone feel very angry and shocked

Customers were outraged by the price increases

a feeling of great anger and shock

environmentalists’ outrage at plans to develop the coastline

116
Q

mason bee

A

ong thợ

117
Q

flit

A

to move lightly or quickly and not stay in one place for very long

She seemed to spend her life flitting from one country to another.

118
Q

impaired

A

damaged, less strong, or not as good as before

impaired vision

visually/hearing/mentally etc impaired (=used to describe someone who cannot see, hear etc well)

119
Q

fleeting

A

lasting for only a short time SYN brief

I caught a fleeting glimpse of them as they drove past.

120
Q

level-headed

A

calm and sensible in making judgments or decisions OPP hot-headed

121
Q

perish

A

formal or literary to die, especially in a terrible or sudden way Hundreds perished when the ship went down.

122
Q

at once

A

immediately or without delay

Now, go upstairs at once and clean your room!

together, at the same time

I can’t do two things at once!

123
Q

distasteful

A

unpleasant or morally offensive

What follows is John’s story. Parts of it may seem distasteful, even shocking.

124
Q

dissuade

A

to persuade someone not to do something OPP persuade

campaign to dissuade young people from smoking

125
Q

assimilation

A

the process of understanding and using new ideas

the process of becoming an accepted part of a country or group

ACT Vocab (2 decks)

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