Vocab3/4 Flashcards
Nucleotide
The building blocks of DNA: guanine, adenine, cytosine, and thymine. Comprised of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate ion, and a nitrogen-rich base
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA (double helix)
Nitrogenous bases
Guanine, adenine, cytosine, and thymine
Deoxyribose
The sugar component in the side chains of DNA.
Phosphate
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Chromosome
Structure that carries genetic material and information/what happened when our bodies solved the problem of packing so much information into a tightly compacted structure.
Sister chromatid
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Autosomes
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Sex chromosomes
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Homologues/Homologous pair
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Haploid
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Diploid
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Allele
A nonfunctioning gene variant
Gene
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Semiconservative replication
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Helicase
Unwinds DNA
DNA polymerase
Adds complementary base to strand
DNA repair enzymes
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RNA polymerase
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Genetic code
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Codon
Amino acid- in three-letter sequences encoded by DNA
Protein
A string of amino acids that have been encoded by a string of DNA bases
Anticodon
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Ribosome
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