IELTS COMP COMPLEX > VOCAB WRITING > Flashcards
VOCAB WRITING Flashcards
NBV
busniness vocb 2
company
job vocab
reward
salary
Vocabulary
An inspection of the data in the first table clearly shows
It is apparent from this table that considerable …
In the third column there is a distinct trend of …
What stands out in the table is …
Closer inspection of the table shows …
As the table shows, there is a significant decrease …
There is a significant difference between column A and column B, most notably…
An inspection of the data in the table reveals that…
What stands out in this table …
…is the general pattern of
…is the difference between
…is the wide disparity between
…is the rapid increase of
…is the growth of
…is the high rate of
Fancy Sentences
The figure for 1999 is almost three times that of 2010.
The figure for 2011 is exactly four times that of 2010.
It is clear that the figures between 2001 and 2010 are broadly in the same range.
Grouping
The figures between 1999 and 2000 are very similar to those of the prior year.
The figures in column A and B are almost identical.
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The
don’t procrastinate; on the contrary, they practice the “do it now” habit.
tech vocab
Globalization
globalization 2
Globalization
essay linkers
J
Tyler’s of punishments
Types of Punishment Vocabulary
the death penalty (capital punishment) = punishment of death
a prison sentence (imprisonment) = imprisonment
life in prison
10 years
6 months
a suspended sentence = delaying of a sentence
forfeiture = property is taken away (confiscated)
hospital order = to confine someone to hospital under arrest
a fine = to pay money as a punishment for an offence
house arrest = imprisoned in one’s own house rather than in prison
to suspend a license = with holding a person’s right to use their driving license for a period of time
to revoke a license = to take away someone’s driving license
non-custodial sentence = a sentence which is not done in prison
community service = punishment by doing community work
Major crime vocabulary ielts liz
Major Crimes
The list of crimes below are all nouns.
abduction = taking someone against their will (kidnapping)
arson = setting fire to a property
assault = a physical attack
burglary = illegal entry to a building with an intent to commit a crime
child abuse = maltreatment of a child
drug trafficking = importing illegal drugs
false imprisonment = imprisoning a person against their will
fraud = deception for personal or financial gain
hacking = unauthorised access to data in a computer system
hijacking = illegally getting control of an aircraft or vehicle
human trafficking = illegally transporting people, usually for slave labour or commercial sexual exploitation
murder (homicide USA)
premeditated murder = murder that is intentional (planned before hand)
unpremeditated murder – murder that is not intentional (not planned)
manslaughter – unintentional murder (synonym for unpremeditated murder)
attempted murder = planning to kill another person
patricide = killing one’s own father
genocide = systematic killing of a race or religious group
euthanasia = killing someone for their benefit
organised crime = crime by an organised gang or organisation
smuggling = illegal import or export
terrorism = unlawful violence or threat with political aims
white collar crime = financially motivated non-violent crime by a worker
Minor Crimes / Offences
pick pocketing = taking from another person’s pockets
shoplifting = taking products from a shop without paying for them
traffic offences =breaking the rules of the road and driving
- drunk driving = driving whilst under the influence of alcohol
- jay walking = crossing the road at an undesignated spot
- running a red light = going through traffic lights when they are red
- speeding = driving over the speed limit
vandalism = deliberate destruction or damage to a building
other important vocabulary words for newspaper
- Other Useful Vocabulary for Newspapers
- circulation = the number of copies a newspaper distributes on an average day (some newspapers have a wider circulation than others)
- edition = a particular version of a text
- layout = the way articles are designed on a page (this can include the position of pictures, the number of columns and the size of headlines)
- attention-grabbing = a news story which draws public attention
- eye-catching = a picture or layout which catches a person’s eye
- in-depth = with many details
- sensational news = news which causes public excitement or interest
- black and white = without colour
- direct quotation = words taken directly from what a person has saidother important vocabulary for newspaper
- paparazzi = a freelance photographer who follows celebrities
- front page = the first page of a newspaper
- supplementary magazine = a magazine which sometimes is given free with a newspaper
- back issue = an old newspaper edition
- subject matter = the topic dealt with in an article
- proof reader = a person who checks a text for errors
- fact checkers = a person (people) who checks if the newspaper facts and information in an article are correct
- hot off the press = news that has just been printed and is very recent
- readership = the collective readers of a newspaper (some newspapers have a large readership)
- issue (n) = 1. an important topic for a debate 2. a copy of a newspaper
Newspaper content vocabulary
Newspaper vocabulary
Types of Newspapers
tabloids = gossip newspapers
broadsheets = newspapers printed on large sheets which are usually considered more serious
daily / weekly / monthly newspapers = papers printed once a day / once a week / once a month
quarterly newspapers = newspapers printed once every 3 months
heavy newspaper = a newspaper with serious content
gutter press = newspapers which focus on sensational journalism, often about the lives of famous people
periodical = a newspaper or magazine published at regular intervals
local / regional newspaper = a newspaper which contain news from a particular area
national newspaper = a newspaper which contain news from the whole country
Shopping vocabulary
Definitions
advertising campaign: a series of advertisements to persuade people to buy something
big brand names: large well-known companies or product names
to be careful with money: to not over-spend
carrier bag: bags (usually plastic) supplied by shops
customer service: the degree to which customers are treated well
to get into debt: to owe money
to give someone the hard sell: to put pressure on someone to buy something
high street names: well-known shops
independent stores: small shops independent of large companies
local shops: community shops
loyalty card: a card issued by a shop to allow customers to save money on the basis of what they spend
must-have product: a product that is very popular that a lot of people want to have
to be on a tight budget: to have a limited amount of money to spend
to be on commission: to pay someone in relation to the amount they sell
a pay in cash: to pay for something using coins or paper money
to pay the full price: to pay the full amount for something
to pick up a bargain: to buy something much cheaper than the normal price
to run up a credit card bill: to owe money on a credit card
to shop around: to try different shops to find the best deal
shop assistant: the person who serves customers
to shop until you drop: to do a lot of shopping
to slash prices: to reduce prices a great deal
to snap up a bargain: to buy something quickly that is being sold cheaply
summer sales: a period in the year when things are sold cheaply
to try something on: to see if an item of clothing fits or is suitable
to be value for money: to be worth the cost
window shopping: to visit a store to look at items without the intention of buying anything
http://www.ieltsspeaking.co.uk/ielts-town-and-city-vocabulary/
City town vocabulary
I
https://www.ieltsspeaking.co.uk/ielts-food-vocabulary/
Food vocabulary
Definitions
to be full up: to eat to the point that you can no longer eat any more
to be starving hungry: an exaggerated way of saying you are very hungry
to bolt something down: to eat something very quickly
to be dying of hunger: an exaggerated way of saying you are hungry
to eat a balanced diet: to eat the correct types and amounts of food
to eat like a horse: to eat a lot
to follow a recipe: to cook a meal using instructions
to foot the bill: to pay the bill
a fussy eater: somebody who has their own very high standards about what to eat
to grab a bite to eat: to eat something quickly (when you’re in a rush)
to have a sweet tooth: to enjoy sugary food
home-cooked food: food cooked at home from individual ingredients
the main meal: the most important meal of the day, usually eaten in the evening
to make your mouth water: to make you feel very hungry for something
to play with your food: to push food around the plate to avoid eating it
processed food: commercially prepared food bought for convenience
a quick snack: to eat a small amount of food between meals
a ready meal: see ‘processed food’
a slap up meal: a large meal
to spoil your appetite: to eat something that will stop you feeling hungry when it’s meal-time.
a take away: a cooked meal prepared in a restaurant and eaten at home
to tuck into: to eat something with pleasure
to wine and dine: to entertain someone by treating them to food and drink
to work up an appetite: to do physical work that leads to you becoming hungry
Music vocabulary
I
Definitions
adoring fans: people who love a particular band or singer
background music: music that is played while something else is happening
a catchy tune: a song that is easy to remember and makes you want to sing it
classical music: music that is regarded as part of a long, formal tradition
to download tracks: to obtain music from the Internet
to have a great voice: to sing well
to go on tour: to go on a planned series of performances around a region or country
a huge following: a large number of fans
live music: music that is listened to while it is performed (not recorded)
live performance: (see live music)
a massive hit: a record that sells lots of copies
a music festival: music performances at a venue often over several days
musical talent: skilled at music
to be/sing out of tune: to not be in harmony/to sing the wrong notes
a piece of music: an item of music
to play by ear: to play without reading the musical notes
a pop group: a small group of people who play or sing pop music together
to read music: to understand and follow written musical notes
a rock band: a group of musicians that play rock music
to sing along to: to join in singing
a sing-song: to sing informally, often with other people
a slow number: a song with a slow tempo
to take up a musical instrument: to begin learning a musical instrument
taste in music: the music someone likes
to be tone deaf: to be unable to distinguish the different notes in music
Personality vocabulary
https://www.ieltsspeaking.co.uk/ielts-personality-vocabulary/
to be the life and soul of the party: a fun person, someone who is the centre of activity
to bend over backwards: to try very hard to help someone
broad-minded: prepared to accept other views or behaviours
easy-going: relaxed and not easily worried about anything
extrovert: an energetic person who likes the company of others
fair-minded: to treat people equally
fun-loving: to enjoy having fun
to hide one’s light under a bushel: to hide one’s talents and skills
good company: enjoyable to socialise with
good sense of humour: the ability to understand what is funny
introvert: someone who is shy
laid-back: see ‘easy-going’
to lose one’s temper: to suddenly become angry
narrow minded: opposite of ‘broad-minded’ (see above)
painfully shy: very shy
to put others first: to think of others before yourself
quick-tempered: to become angry quickly
reserved: shy
self-assured: confident
self-centred: thinks only of oneself
self-confident: believes in one’s own ability or knowledge
self-effacing: to not try to get the attention of others (especially in terms of hiding one’s skills or abilities)
to take after: to be like (often another member of the family)
thick-skinned: not easily affected by criticism
trustworthy: can be trusted
two-faced: not honest or sincere. Will say one thing to someone to their face and another when they are
travel vocabulary ielts
ielts transport /travel vocabulary
streetcar (also known as trolley)
an electric vehicle that transports people and goes along metal tracks in the road
collocations:
take/go on/ catch a streetcar
get on/off a streetcar
streetcar service
streetcar stop
(travel) by streetcar
example:
The best way to see the city is by streetcar.
rapid-transit
refers to a system of fast-moving trains in a city
collocations:
rapid-transit system
rapid-transit station
rapid-transit route
example:
Very few third world countries have efficient rapid-transit systems in place
Rapid-transit
refers to a system of fast-moving trains in a city
collocations:
rapid-transit system
rapid-transit station
rapid-transit route
example:
Very few third world countries have efficient rapid-transit systems in place.
vessel
a large boat or ship
collocations:
cargo/commercial vessel
fishing vessel
passenger vessel
operate a vessel
board a vessel
aboard/on/on board a vessel
school/primary/secondary pupil
example:
Nowadays, it’s common for refugees to make dangerous journeys in a variety of unsafe vessels.
meaning:
refers to roads that have too much traffic
collocations:
congested road
to be congested
become/get congested
very/heavily/highly congested
congested with (vehicles)
example:
In my town, congested roads are normal during the week.
meaning:
refers to roads that have too much traffic
collocations:
congested road
to be congested
become/get congested
very/heavily/highly congested
congested with (vehicles)
example:
In my town, congested roads are normal during the week.
Set 3: Travelling
long-haul
travelling a long distance (antonym: short-haul)
collocations:
long-haul flight/route/travel
long-haul airline/carrier
example:
Long-haul travel can be very stressful and exhausting for young children.
p
itinerary
a detailed plan or route of a journey
collocations:
detailed/full itinerary
arrange/plan an itinerary
follow an itinerary
itinerary includes (something)
in/on an itinerary
example:
The tour operator gave us a detailed itinerary a couple of weeks before the trip, so we knew what to expect.
p
round trip
a trip to a place and back again
collocations:
round trip ticket/fare
example:
I drive around 100 km round trip most weekends to see my parents.
transport vocabulary
Set 4: Transportation & environmental issues
air pollution
:
the presence of harmful substances in the air, often consisting of waste from vehicles
collocations:
contributor to air pollution
urban air pollution
reduce air pollution
example:
Air travel is a major contributor to air pollution.
emit
to send out gas
collocations:
emit gas
emit chemicals
emit carbon dioxide
emit high levels/large quantities of
example:
Vehicles emit high levels of harmful gases.
electric car (also known as electric vehicle)
part of speech:
noun
meaning:
a car that uses energy from a battery to operate
collocations:
electric car company/distributor
electric car rental
own an electric car
drive an electric car
charge an electric car
example:
Electric cars can reduce emissions and even save you money.
Set 5: Transportation in the future
spacecraft
a vehicle used for travel in space
collocations:
manned/unmanned aircraft
launch a spacecraft
in/on an spacecraft
example:
As space travel continues to grow, spacecraft will become a necessity.
autopilot
equipment that allows for an aircraft or ship to travel in a particular direction without needing a person to control it
collocations:
autopilot system
to be on autopilot
example:
Modern autopilot systems are capable of landing planes.
self-driving:
refers to a vehicle that drives itself
collocations:
self-driving car/vehicle
example:
I don’t think self-driving cars will ever replace conventional vehicles.
environment vocabulary
https://www.ieltsessentials.com/global/blog/2018/07/03/improve-your-ielts-vocaIt’s quite common for other popular IELTS themes, such as transportation, to include questions related to the environment. Because of this, it’s important that you’re ready to discuss the topic at any point during the test, and that you feel comfortable linking topics and using your new IELTS vocabulary flexibly.bulary-on-environment
Set 1: The natural world
wildlife
animals and plants that grow in natural conditions
collocations:
endangered wildlife
local/native wildlife
preserve/protect/save wildlife
endanger/threaten/damage/harm wildlife
wildlife conservation/protection
example:
It is well known that the use of pesticides harms wildlife, yet we continue to use them.
biodiversity
the variety of life (plants and animals) found in a particular place
collocations:
preserve biodiversity
biodiversity conservation
loss of biodiversity
example:
I believe more funding should be made available for biodiversity conservation.
ecology
the relationship between living things and their environment in a particular area
collocations:
animal/human/marine/plant
fragile ecology
damage/disrupt the ecology
example:
Water pollution has caused great damage to the marine ecology.
p
natural resources
:
any of the materials that exist in nature and that can be used by people
c_ollocations:_
natural resources conservation/management
use of natural resources
rich in natural resources
example:
Saudi Arabia is a country rich in natural resources, particularly in oil.
species
:
a group of animals or plants in which
collocations:
living species
endangered/threatened species
extinct species
protected species
species of (fish, bird, insect, etc.)
example:
Sadly, most of the endangered species are at risk due to human activity.
Set 2: Environmental issues
emission
an amount of something, particularly a harmful gas, that is sent out into the air
collocations:
emissions of greenhouse gases/carbon dioxide
cut/reduce/limit emissions
emission cuts/reductions/control
example:
I think developed countries should aim to reduce emissions, even if it means slower economic growth.
global warming
an increase in the earth’s temperature that causes changes in climate
collocations:
fight/combat/tackle global warming
contribute to global warming
the effects of global warming
example:
Some people think that it’s too late to reverse the effects of global warming.
carbon footprint
a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that a person or organization produces
collocations:
reduce the carbon footprint of
example:
Nowadays, more and more organizations are committed to reducing their carbon footprint.
dumping ground
a place where things that are not wanted are left
collocations:
a dumping ground for
example:
We must stop treating our oceans like a dumping ground.
oil spill
an accident in which oil has come out of a ship and into the environment, and caused pollution
collocations:
victims of oil spills
large scale oil spills
example:
Many species of fish and birds are often victims of oil spills.
Set 3: Helping the environment
carbon-neutral
If a person, activity or organization is carbon-neutral, it does things like planting trees to reduce carbon dioxide by the same amount as it produces it.
collocations:
become (totally) carbon-neutral
example:
Being carbon-neutral should be the goal of every responsible company.
environmentally-friendly
not harmful to the environment
collocations:
environmentally-friendly business/company
environmentally-friendly practices
environmentally-friendly technologies
environmentally-friendly products
example:
It is important that, as customers, we demand environmentally-friendly products.
:
preserve
to keep something as it is
collocations:
preserve the environment
seek to/try to preserve
help (to) preserve
example:
We must help to preserve the environment for future generations.
sustainability
:
the idea that we should meet our own needs in ways that do not damage the environment and that do not use resources that cannot be replaced
collocations:
environmental sustainability
sustainability of sth
promote sustainability
example:
From recycling to using public transport, there are many things that we can all do to promote sustainability.
biodegradable
able to decay in a natural way that is not harmful to the environment
collocations:
biodegradable packaging/materials
example:
I always buy products that come in biodegradable packaging.
Nature and environment idioms
idiom
meaning
example
Mother Nature
nature or weather considered as a force that controls all living things
It’s easy to forget about all of the wonders that Mother Nature provides us.
to go/get back to nature
to start living a simpler life, one that allows us to be more in tune with nature
I was ready to get away from the city and go back to nature.
to go green
to choose an environmentally-friendly lifestyle
We’ve decided to go green by eating natural, organic, locally produced foods.
acid rain
deforestation
emission
fossil fuels
recycle
solar energy
desertification
famine
format ielts essay
However this remains a disputatious (argumentative topic of discussion,. Some people believe that ———————————————– , whereas others believe (opine) that———————————This essay will discuss both proposals (suggestions , views) before drawing a final conducive (conclusive) verdict (judgment)
It is believed by some that ————————————————————————
because ———————————————–
This means that——————————————They advocate this bygiving example of Japan, which…………………………………………………………….. .Thus it is crystal clear that why some people are dazzled (overwhelmingly /tremendously convinced) by this point of view.
,,,,
On the contrary, a lot …………………………………………………………………………………..
In other words …………………………………………………………They defend/ support this ideology by narrating example of………………….Hence, it is obvious that why thses people are mesmerized /fascinated by this idea.
In a nutshell, although both sides have persuasive opinions/ thoughts on bot sides, I personally agree with the thought that …………………….., , as it is comprehensively backed by stalwart points of…………………
