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Psych 100 > Vocab words > Flashcards

Vocab words Flashcards

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1
Q

Variable

A

attribute which can vary

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2
Q

Conceptual Variable

A

thing you want to measure

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3
Q

Measured Variable

A

variable that represents the conceptual variable

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4
Q

Population

A

group you hope to learn something about

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5
Q

Sample

A

section of the population tested

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6
Q

Experiment group

A

group(s) that received the manipulation

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7
Q

Control Group

A

group that does not receive the manipulation

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8
Q

Placebo Effect

A

change in behavior due to subject’s expectations

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9
Q

Placebo

A

fake testing condition, so people THINK they are getting treatment but really are not

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10
Q

Blind

A

participant is unaware of the group they’re in

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11
Q

Double Blind

A

administering researcher is also blind to the condition/group

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12
Q

Expectancy Effect

A

unintentional bias for knowledge

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13
Q

Independent Variable

A

thing that is manipulated

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14
Q

Dependent Variable

A

thing that is being measured

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15
Q

Cofound

A

anything other than the independent variable that causes a difference between the groups

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16
Q

Random Assignment

A

randomly sorting participants into groups

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17
Q

Reliability

A

consistency of measurement

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18
Q

Validity

A

extent to which what’s measure is what is supposed to be measured

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19
Q

Internal Validity

A

does your experiment show what you think it does?

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20
Q

External Validity

A

how well can you generalize your finding beyond your sample/experiment?

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21
Q

Observational Design

A

watching behavior, often in real-world setting

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22
Q

Correlational Design

A

examines the extend to which 2 variables are associated

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23
Q

Experimental Design

A

randomly assigns participants to different groups and manipulates an independent variable

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24
Q

Case Study

A

involves studying just one individual

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25
Q

learning

A

change in thought or behavior resulting from experience

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26
Q

stimulus

A

anything in the environment to which an organism might react

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27
Q

response

A

any behavior resulting from a stimulus

28
Q

habitulation

A

decrease in reaction to a repeated stimulus

29
Q

classical conditioning

A

new stimulus begins to elicit the same response as another stimulus, when occur together

30
Q

unconditional stimulus(UCS)

A

causes a reflex

31
Q

unconditional response(UCR)

A

the(normal) reflex

32
Q

conditional stimulus(CS)

A

new thing

33
Q

conditional response(CR)

A

reflex to the new thing

34
Q

pairing

A

learning occurs when the CS is paired reliably with the UCS

35
Q

extinction

A

disappearance of the CR, when CS is not paired with UCS

36
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

return of the CR after a delay

37
Q

stimulus generalization

A

when stimuli similar to the CS elicit a CR

38
Q

stimulus discrimination

A

when stimuli similar to the CS does not elicit a CR

39
Q

operant conditioning

A

accquiring behaviors as a result of the outcomes consequence of those behaviors

40
Q

positive reinforcement

A

stimulus is given to increase a behavior

41
Q

negative reinforcement

A

stimulus is removed to increase a behavior

42
Q

positive punishment

A

stimulus is given to decrease a behavior

43
Q

negative punishment

A

stimulus is removed to decrease a behavior

44
Q

partial reinforcement

A

reinforcing behaviors occasionally, rather than always

45
Q

fixed ratio

A

reinforcement after a fixed # of responses

46
Q

fixed interval

A

reinforcement after a fixed amount of time

47
Q

variable ratio

A

reinforcement after a varying # of responses

48
Q

variable interval

A

reinforcement after a varying amount of time

49
Q

shaping

A

rewarding behaviors that come closer and closer to a target behavior

50
Q

observational learning

A

learning by watching others

51
Q

taste aversion

A

conditioned disgust reflex to certain foods after sickness

52
Q

neuron

A

nerves cells specialized for communication

53
Q

glial cell

A

support cells

54
Q

cell body

A

central region of cell

55
Q

dendrite

A

receive outside signals

56
Q

axon

A

delivers signals to other cells

57
Q

myelin sheath

A

glial cells that help speed signal transmission

58
Q

axon terminal

A

end of axon where signal is released

59
Q

node of ranvier

A

gaps in the myelin sheath that help allow the electrical charge to move down the axon

60
Q

action potential

A

all-or-none electrical impulse that neurons use to propagate signal

61
Q

absolute refractory period

A

recovery time when another AP is not possible

62
Q

synapse

A

junction btwn 2 communicating neurons

63
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemical signal

64
Q

synaptic cleft

A

space btwn 2 neurons where neurotransmitter is released

65
Q

receptor site

A

lock-and-key mechanisms that take up neurotransmitters

Psych 100 (1 decks)

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