Vocab words

Question 1

Variable

Answer 1

attribute which can vary

Question 2

Conceptual Variable

Answer 2

thing you want to measure

Question 3

Measured Variable

Answer 3

variable that represents the conceptual variable

Question 4

Population

Answer 4

group you hope to learn something about

Question 5

Sample

Answer 5

section of the population tested

Question 6

Experiment group

Answer 6

group(s) that received the manipulation

Question 7

Control Group

Answer 7

group that does not receive the manipulation

Question 8

Placebo Effect

Answer 8

change in behavior due to subject’s expectations

Question 9

Placebo

Answer 9

fake testing condition, so people THINK they are getting treatment but really are not

Question 10

Blind

Answer 10

participant is unaware of the group they’re in

Question 11

Double Blind

Answer 11

administering researcher is also blind to the condition/group

Question 12

Expectancy Effect

Answer 12

unintentional bias for knowledge

Question 13

Independent Variable

Answer 13

thing that is manipulated

Question 14

Dependent Variable

Answer 14

thing that is being measured

Question 15

Cofound

Answer 15

anything other than the independent variable that causes a difference between the groups

Question 16

Random Assignment

Answer 16

randomly sorting participants into groups

Question 17

Reliability

Answer 17

consistency of measurement

Question 18

Validity

Answer 18

extent to which what’s measure is what is supposed to be measured

Question 19

Internal Validity

Answer 19

does your experiment show what you think it does?

Question 20

External Validity

Answer 20

how well can you generalize your finding beyond your sample/experiment?

Question 21

Observational Design

Answer 21

watching behavior, often in real-world setting

Question 22

Correlational Design

Answer 22

examines the extend to which 2 variables are associated

Question 23

Experimental Design

Answer 23

randomly assigns participants to different groups and manipulates an independent variable

Question 24

Case Study

Answer 24

involves studying just one individual

Question 25

learning

Answer 25

change in thought or behavior resulting from experience

Question 26

stimulus

Answer 26

anything in the environment to which an organism might react

Question 27

response

Answer 27

any behavior resulting from a stimulus

Question 28

habitulation

Answer 28

decrease in reaction to a repeated stimulus

Question 29

classical conditioning

Answer 29

new stimulus begins to elicit the same response as another stimulus, when occur together

Question 30

unconditional stimulus(UCS)

Answer 30

causes a reflex

Question 31

unconditional response(UCR)

Answer 31

the(normal) reflex

Question 32

conditional stimulus(CS)

Answer 32

new thing

Question 33

conditional response(CR)

Answer 33

reflex to the new thing

Question 34

pairing

Answer 34

learning occurs when the CS is paired reliably with the UCS

Question 35

extinction

Answer 35

disappearance of the CR, when CS is not paired with UCS

Question 36

spontaneous recovery

Answer 36

return of the CR after a delay

Question 37

stimulus generalization

Answer 37

when stimuli similar to the CS elicit a CR

Question 38

stimulus discrimination

Answer 38

when stimuli similar to the CS does not elicit a CR

Question 39

operant conditioning

Answer 39

accquiring behaviors as a result of the outcomes consequence of those behaviors

Question 40

positive reinforcement

Answer 40

stimulus is given to increase a behavior

Question 41

negative reinforcement

Answer 41

stimulus is removed to increase a behavior

Question 42

positive punishment

Answer 42

stimulus is given to decrease a behavior

Question 43

negative punishment

Answer 43

stimulus is removed to decrease a behavior

Question 44

partial reinforcement

Answer 44

reinforcing behaviors occasionally, rather than always

Question 45

fixed ratio

Answer 45

reinforcement after a fixed # of responses

Question 46

fixed interval

Answer 46

reinforcement after a fixed amount of time

Question 47

variable ratio

Answer 47

reinforcement after a varying # of responses

Question 48

variable interval

Answer 48

reinforcement after a varying amount of time

Question 49

shaping

Answer 49

rewarding behaviors that come closer and closer to a target behavior

Question 50

observational learning

Answer 50

learning by watching others

Question 51

taste aversion

Answer 51

conditioned disgust reflex to certain foods after sickness

Question 52

neuron

Answer 52

nerves cells specialized for communication

Question 53

glial cell

Answer 53

support cells

Question 54

cell body

Answer 54

central region of cell

Question 55

dendrite

Answer 55

receive outside signals

Question 56

axon

Answer 56

delivers signals to other cells

Question 57

myelin sheath

Answer 57

glial cells that help speed signal transmission

Question 58

axon terminal

Answer 58

end of axon where signal is released

Question 59

node of ranvier

Answer 59

gaps in the myelin sheath that help allow the electrical charge to move down the axon

Question 60

action potential

Answer 60

all-or-none electrical impulse that neurons use to propagate signal

Question 61

absolute refractory period

Answer 61

recovery time when another AP is not possible

Question 62

synapse

Answer 62

junction btwn 2 communicating neurons

Question 63

neurotransmitter

Answer 63

chemical signal

Question 64

synaptic cleft

Answer 64

space btwn 2 neurons where neurotransmitter is released

Question 65

receptor site

Answer 65

lock-and-key mechanisms that take up neurotransmitters