Vocab words Flashcards
Socialism
A system where resources and production are owned by the community.
Significance: Emerged as a response to capitalism’s inequalities; influenced labor movements.
Capitalism
An economic system where businesses and trade are privately owned.
Significance: Drove the Industrial Revolution, leading to economic growth and social class tensions.
The Enlightenment
A movement that emphasized reason, individual rights, and secularism.
Significance: Inspired political revolutions (American, French, Latin American).
Nationalism
concern for or devotion to one’s own nation, especially desire for national progress, defense, or independence
Significance: Nationalism fueled independence movements in the Americas, such as the Latin American Revolutions
Proletariat
The working class that emergered due to industrulzation , often factory workers.
Significance:The ideas of the proletariat influenced socialist and communist movements, inspiring revolutions such as the Russian Revolution
Cult of Domesticity
A social system designed to limit women’s sphere of influence to home and family
Significance: Reinforced gender roles during the Industrial Revolution.
Colonialism
the practice of a foreign government exercising political or economic control of another community
Significance: Led to European exploitation of Africa and Asia.
Settler Colonies
Colonies where large numbers of Europeans permanently settled.
Significance: Found in places like Australia, South Africa, and Algeria.
Social Darwinism
Darwinism is applied to the understanding of human society. The belief that some races/nations are superior based on “survival of the fittest.”
Significance: Used to justify imperialism and racism
Berlin Conference
A meeting where European powers divided Africa without African input.
Significance: Led to the “Scramble for Africa” and intense exploitation of African resources.
Tupac Amaru
Leader of Native American rebellion in Peru who claimed to be the last ancestor of the Inca emperor
Significance: One of the largest Native uprisings in colonial Latin America.
Boxer Rebellion
Anti-foreign movement led by Chinese militia in which large numbers of Europeans and Chinese Christians were killed
Significance: Showed resistance to imperialism but led to greater foreign control in China.
Taiping Rebellion
qing/ christan
A massive peasant revolt against the Qing dynasty, inspired by Christian ideas.
Significance: Weakened the Qing and contributed to China’s decline.
Self-Strengthening Movement
failed/ western
China’s attempt to modernize using selective Western ideas.
Significance: Largely failed due to conservative resistance.
Tanzimat Reforms
modernizing
Ottoman reforms aimed at modernizing the government and economy.
Significance: Attempted to prevent decline but faced opposition from religious leaders.
Meiji Restoration
Japan’s rapid industrialization and political reforms under Emperor Meiji.
Significance: Transformed Japan into an imperial power
Opium Wars
after China tried to restrict the importation of foreign goods, especially opium
Significance: Led to China’s loss of sovereignty and British control over Hong Kong
Chinese Exclusion Act
A U.S. law banning most Chinese immigration.
Significance: First major U.S. immigration restriction, reflecting anti-Chinese racism.
Abolition Movement
International movement that condemned slavery as morally repugnant and tried to end the practice
Significance: Led to the abolition of slavery in many countries, including Britain (1833) and the U.S. (1865).
Democracy
A government where people have power, either directly or through elected representatives.
Significance: Inspired by Enlightenment ideas; led to revolutions and the expansion of voting rights.
Republic
Significance: The U.S. and France adopted republics after their revolutions.
Liberal
Someone who supports social progress, individual freedoms, and government action for change.
Significance: Liberalism influenced the push for democracy, suffrage, and capitalism.
Suffrage
The right to vote in a political election
Significance: Expanded in this era, especially through women’s suffrage movements and working-class rights.
Ethnic Nationalism
A belief that a nation is defined by shared ethnicity, language, or religion.
Significance: Fueled independence movements (e.g., German & Italian unification, Balkan nationalism).
Consumer
Someone who buys goods or services.
Significance: The rise of capitalism and industrialization increased consumer goods and markets.
Economic Imperialism
When one nation controls another’s economy.
Significance: British control over India and Latin America’s dependence on Western economies.
Reparation
Compensation for wrongdoing or damages, often paid by defeated nations.
Significance: Became more relevant post-Unit 5, such as after World War I.
Demographics
The study of human populations and statistics.
Significance: Population growth fueled urbanization, migration, and labor changes.
Urbanization
The growth of cities and people’s movement to them
Significance: A major effect of industrialization, creating new social challenges and labor opportunities.
Immigration
The movement of people into a new country.
Significance: Fueled by industrial jobs, with major migrations from Europe and Asia to the Americas
Emigrate
To leave one country for another.
Significance: Many left due to poverty, political turmoil, or opportunities in industrial economies.
Ethnic Enclaves
Communities where immigrants from the same background live together.
Significance: Created cultural hubs like Chinatown in the U.S. and Indian communities in East Africa.
