VOCAB WORDS Flashcards
Accommodation
An alteration of environment, curriculum format, or equipment that allows an individual with a disability to gain access to content and/or complete assigned tasks. They allow students with disabilities to pursue a regular course of study
Adequate yearly progress (AYP)
The amount of annual achievement growth to be expected by students in a particular school, district, or state in the U.S. federal accountability system, No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
Alternative Assessment
A way to measure progress for individuals in which standardized testing would be inappropriate. This is usually done with a portfolio of work to show improvements over time.
Time Delay
An educational technique where the teacher provides a student with an instruction and waits for a period of time for the student to respond after the stimuli has been presented.
Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
Special education and related services that (a) have been provided at public expense, under public supervision and direction and without charge; (b) meet the standards of the state educational agency; (c) include an appropriate preschool, elementary, or secondary school education in the state involved; and (d) are provided in conformity with the individualized education program.
Assistive Technology
Any assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices that allow students with disabilities and the elderly to live a healthy, productive, and independent life.
SAFMEDS
Stands for Say All Fast a Minute Each Day Shuffled. A deck of cards with a question, vocabulary term, or problem printed on one side of each card and the answer on the other side. A student answers as many items in the deck as she can during 1-minute practice trials by looking at the question or problem, stating an answer, flipping the card over to reveal the correct answer, and putting each card on a “correct” or “incorrect” pile.
due process hearing
a set of legal steps and proceedings carried out to established rules and principles; designed to protect an individual’s constitutional and legal rights
At Risk
Refers to children who are considered to have a greater than usual chance of developing a disability.
Handicap
A disadvantage a person with a disability encounters when interacting with the environment
Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
A teaching approach that works to accommodate the needs and ability of all learners and eliminated unnecessary hurdles in the learning process.
Incidence
How frequently students’ disability may be encountered in the classroom.
impairment
Loss and/or reduced function of a body part, limb, or organ.
Functional Curriculum
A functional curriculum is one that addresses skills students will need in everyday life. Functional skills are the variety of skills that are frequently demanded in natural domestic, vocational, and community environments.
exceptional children
Differ from the norm (either below or above) to such an extent that they require an individualized program of special education.
Manifestation Determination
Evaluates the relationship between a student’s disability and their misconduct. It is conducted by the IEP team and other personnel and is required when a disabled student faces expulsion or suspension.
Individualized Education Program (IEP)
A program that specifies the child’s present levels of performance, identifies measurable annual goals, and describes the specific special education and related services that will be provided to help that child attain those goals and benefit from education.
Repeated reading
A technique for increasing reading fluency in which a student orally reads the same a passage, usually three to five times, during each session. With each reading, the student tries to increase the number of words read correctly.
Time Trials
A strategy used to increase fluency where a student must complete a specific task with a limited amount of time. Limiting the time allows for students to practice accuracy and time management
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
The educational setting that most closely resembles a regular school program and also meets the child’s special educational needs. For many students with disabilities, the general education classroom is the LRE; however, the LRE is a relative concept and must be determined for each individual student with disabilities.
Cultural Interpreter
A cultural mediator/interpreter/translator plays a critical role in facilitating successful communication with students and families who speak a language other than English. They function as an oral link between the culture of the school and the culture of the child’s family.
Emotional Disturbance
An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers. Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances. A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression
Phoneme
any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another, for example p, b, d, and t in the English words pad, pat, bad, and bat.
Tympanic Membrane
The tympanic membrane is also called the eardrum. It separates the outer ear from the middle ear. When sound waves reach the tympanic membrane they cause it to vibrate. The vibrations are then transferred to the tiny bones in the middle ear
Myelomeningocele (spina bifida)
a defect of the backbone (spine) and spinal cord. Before birth, the baby’s spine, the spinal cord and the spinal canal do not form or close normally. A myelomeningocele is the most serious form of spina bifida.
Customized Employment
a process for achieving competitive integrated employment or self-employment through a relationship between employee and employer that is personalized to meet the needs of both.
disproportionate representation
exists when a particular group receives special education at a rate significantly higher or lower than would be expected based on the proportion of the general student population that group represents
Disability
A physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movements, senses, or activities.
Functional Curriculum
a curriculum that emphasizes practical life skills rather than academic skills
Continuum of Alternative Placements
A range of placement and service options- to meet the individual needs of all students with disabilities.
Multifactored Evaluation (MFE)
The process required by IDEA to determine if a child is eligible for special education services. The process can be requested by either the school and/or parent/guardian.
IEP Team
The group of people who create the individualized education program for a student with a disability.
prereferral intervention
individualized intervention for a student experiencing academic or behavioral difficulties before formal testing
Respite Care
a type of care provided for caregivers of homebound ill, disabled, or elderly patients.
Funds of Knowledge
Families’ strengths, resources, and insights on which teachers should capitalize in order to be most effective.
externalizing behaviors
Antisocial, disruptive behaviors (e.g., aggression, noncompliance, property destruction) characteristic of many children with emotional or behavioral disorders.
phonology
Refers to the linguistic rules governing a language’s sound system.
binocular vision
Vision using both eyes working together to perceive a single image
occupational therapists (OTs)
focus on children’s participation in activities, especially those related to self-help, employment, recreation, communication, and aspects of daily living
sheltered employment
refers to work by people with disabilities at an accredited occupationally oriented facility, including a work activities center, operated by a private nonprofit agency, which, except for its administrative and support staff, employs people with disabilities certified under special provisions of federal minimum wage laws by the Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor
Response to Intervention (RTI)
A systematic prereferral & early intervention process that consists of universal screening & several tiers of increasing intensive trials of research-based interventions before referral for assessment for special education eligibility.
intellectual Disability
A disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social and practical adaptive skills; the disability originates before age 18.
Self-Evaluation
A procedure in which a person compares their performance of a target behavior with a standard or predetermined goal. Sometimes referred to as self-assessment.
Audiogram
A graph of the faintest level of sound a person can hear in each ear at least 50% of the time at each of several frequencies, including the entire frequency range of normal speech.
Nystagmus
A rapid, involuntary, rhythmic movement of the eyes that may cause difficulty in reading or fixating on an object.
Technology-Dependent Student
A student who needs a medical device and substantial ongoing nursing care to compensate for the loss of a vital body function and to avoid further disability or death
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
a genetic disorder due to the inefficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. it is seen when both parents pass down the defective PAH gene. some complications from it, if not diagnosed or treated at a young age are pregnancy issues, intellectual disability, neurological problems, and irreversible brain damage.
Cultural reciprocity
Understanding how differing values and belief systems may influence families’ perspectives, wishes, and decisions.
positive reinforcement
Reinforcing or rewarding desired behavior in an effort to increase the likelihood that the desirable behavior is repeated in the future. Praise and rewards are examples of positive reinforcement.
Rubella
German measles; when contracted by a woman during the first trimester of pregnancy, may cause visual impairments, hearing impairments, intellectual disabilities, or other congenital impairments in the child
Fragile X Syndrome
A commonly known genetic disorder; caused by mutation on X chromosome. Affects 1 in 4,000 males and characterized by social anxiety and avoidance.
Genetic Counseling
a discussion between a specially trained medical counselor and people who are considering having a baby about the chances of having a baby with a disability based on the prospective parents’ genetic backgrounds
positive reinforcement
the process of rewarding or reinforcing desirable behavior in order to increase the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated in the future
practice stage of learning
feedback should emphasize the correct rate at which the student performed the target skill
Chorionic villi sampling (CVS)
When a small amount of tissue chorionic tissue is removed and tested. Can be performed during the 8th to 10th week of pregnancy.
parinatal
occurring during or pertaining to the phase surrounding the time of birth
Amniocentesis
A prenatal test given that takes amniotic fluid from around the baby in the womb. Tested to see if baby has certain health conditions.
Active Student Response (ASR)
A frequency-based measure of a student’s active participation during instruction; measured by counting the number of observable responses made to an ongoing lesson or to curriculum materials.
task analysis
The process of breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units; also refers to the results of this process.
Adaptive Behavior
the collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that have been learned by people in order to function in their everyday lives.