vocab words Flashcards

1
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

the first constitution of the 13 American states, adopted in 1781 and replaced in 1789 by the Constitution of the United States.

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2
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

the public act by which the Second Continental Congress, on July 4, 1776, declared the Colonies to be free and independent of England.

the document embodying it.

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3
Q

Treason

A

the offense of acting to overthrow one’s government or to harm or kill its sovereign.

a violation of allegiance to one’s sovereign or to one’s state.

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4
Q

Checks and balances

A

limits imposed on all branches of a government by vesting in each branch the right to amend or void those acts of another that fall within its purview.

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5
Q

Separation of powers

A

the principle or system of vesting in separate branches the executive, legislative, and judicial powers of a government.

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6
Q

Great Compromise

A

proposed a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the lower house and equal representation of the states in the up

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7
Q

Tariff

A

an official list or table showing the duties or customs imposed by a government on imports or exports.

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8
Q

Repeal

A

to revoke or withdraw formally or officially:
to repeal a grant.

to revoke or annul (a law, tax, duty, etc.) by express legislative enactment; abrogate.

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9
Q

Civil Discourse

A

being able to show respect for others

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10
Q

3/5ths Compromise

A

three out of every five slaves was counted when determining a state’s total population for legislative representation and taxation.

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11
Q

Constitution

A

the system of fundamental principles according to which a nation, state, corporation, or the like, is governed.

the document embodying these principles.

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12
Q

Preamble

A

an introductory statement; preface; introduction.

the introductory part of a statute, deed, or the like, stating the reasons and intent of what follows.

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13
Q

Bill of Rights

A

the Bill of Rights, a formal statement of the fundamental rights of the people of the United States, such as freedom of religion, speech, and the press, incorporated in the Constitution as Amendments 1–10, and in all state constitutions.

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14
Q

Legislative Branch

A

the branch of government having the power to make laws; the legislature.

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15
Q

Executive Branch

A

the branch of government charged with the execution and enforcement of laws and policies and the administration of public affairs; the executive.

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16
Q

Judicial Branch

A

the branch of government charged with the interpretation of laws and the administration of justice; the judiciary.

16
Q

Congress

A

the national legislative body of the U.S., consisting of the Senate, or upper house, and the House of Representatives, or lower house, as a continuous institution.

17
Q

Senate

A

an assembly or council of citizens having the highest deliberative functions in a government, especially a legislative assembly of a state or nation.

(initial capital letter) the upper house of the legislature of certain countries, as the United States, France, Italy, Canada, Ireland, Republic of South Africa, Australia, and some Latin American countries.

18
Q

House of Representatives

A

the lower legislative branch in many national and state bicameral governing bodies, as in the United States, Mexico, and Japan. Abbreviations:H.R., HR

19
Q

Equal representation

A

the way that representatives are assigned to voting groups, with equal representation meaning that all groups are fairly represented. One man, one vote, the principle that each vote must have equal value.

20
Q

Proportional representation

A

a method of voting by which political parties are given legislative representation in proportion to their popular vote.

21
Q

President

A

the highest executive officer of a modern republic, as the chief executive of the United States:

22
Q

Supreme Court

A

the highest court of the U.S.

23
Q

Fugitive Slave Clause

A

No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due. Id.

24
Q

Ratify

A

to confirm by expressing consent, approval, or formal sanction:
to ratify a constitutional amendment.

to confirm (something done or arranged by an agent or by representatives) by such action.

25
Q

Amendment

A

the act of amending or the state of being amended.

an alteration of or addition to a motion, bill, constitution, etc.

26
Q

1st Amendment

A

an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights, prohibiting Congress from interfering with freedom of religion, speech, assembly, or petition.

27
Q

2nd Amendment

A

an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights, guaranteeing the right to keep and bear arms as necessary to maintain a state militia.

28
Q

4th Amendment

A

The Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution protects US citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures of property by the government. It also requires a warrant and probable cause in the event of searches and seizures.

29
Q

5th Amendment

A

an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights, providing chiefly that people cannot be required to testify against themselves in a criminal case and that no person be subjected to a second trial for an offense for which they have been duly tried previously.

30
Q

6th Amendment

A

an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights, guaranteeing the right to a trial by jury in criminal cases.

31
Q

13th Amendment

A

an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1865, abolishing slavery.

32
Q

14th Amendment

A

an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, defining national citizenship and forbidding the states to restrict the basic rights of citizens or other persons.

33
Q

15th Amendment

A

an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1870, prohibiting the restriction of voting rights “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

34
Q

19th Amendment

A