Vocab Unit 9-10 Flashcards
Tortuous
“Not direct or straightforward
L. tortus = twisting
The tortuous road up the mountain was difficult and dangerous to navigate in the dark.
syn: circuitousant: straightforward”
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Retort
“To respond critically or sarcastically
L. re, “back,” + tortus = to twist (words) back
When I complained that Paula had given me bad directions, she retorted that I should have looked at a map.
syn: reply”
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Extort
“To wrongly or illegally force someone to comply with a demand
L. ex, “out of,” + tortus = twisted out of
Because the corrupt official possessed potentially damaging information about his colleagues, he wanted to extort money from them.
syn: coerceant: coax”
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VOLV/VOLU
“Latin VOLVERE, VOLUTUM “to roll, to turn”
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Voluble
“Talkative; given to rapid, abundant speech
L. volutum = rolling out (words)
Our new recruit was an enthusiastic and voluble young man who would strike up a conversation with anyone.
syn: chattyant: quiet”
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Convoluted
“Having too many twists and turns; overly complicated
L. con, “together,” + volutum = to roll together
Sarah looked skeptical when she heard my convoluted excuse for being late.
syn: tangledant: clear”
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Evolve
“To unfold; to develop or change gradually
L. e, “out of,” + volvere = to turn out
Our volunteer group started out small, but evolved into a large, statewide organization.
syn: progressant: regress”
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Flex/Flect
“Latin FLECTERE, FLECTUM “to bend”
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Inflexible
“Too unchangeable in character or purpose
L. in “not,” + flectum = not bending
Some of Greg’s students thought of him as an inflexible tyrant because he never allowed them extra time for assignments.
syn: rigid, stiffant: flexible”
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Deflect
“To cause to turn aside or away
L. de, “away,” + flectum = turn (something) aside
Joe skillfully deflected his opponent’s blows with an upraised arm.
syn: redirectant: accept”
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Inflection
“Change in pitch or tone of the voice
L. in, “in,” + flectere = to bend (the voice)”
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Vert/Vers
“Latin VERTERE, VERSUM “to turn”
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Adverse
“Not helpful; harmful
L. ad, “against,” + versum = turned against
We were pleased to have made it up the mountain under such adverse conditions.
syn: unfortunate, injuriousant: conducive”
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Revert
“To fall back into an old condition
Latin re, “back,” + vertere = to turn (something) back
Annie hopes never to revert to the bad habits she gave up.
syn: lapseant: improve”
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Subvert
“To undermine; to corrupt
Latin sub, “beneath,” + vertere = to turn from beneath
The queen was afraid the rebellious subjects would subvert her authority.
syn: invalidateant: support”
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Crimin
“Latin CRIMEN “crime, charge of crime”
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Decriminalize
“To do away with legal penalties for
L. de, “away, off,” + crimen = (to take) a crime away”
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Incriminate
“To reveal guilt or make (someone) appear guilty
L. in, “onto,” + crimen = (put) crime onto
If the stolen necklace we found in your drawer doesn’t incriminate you, I don’t know what does.
syn: implicateant: acquit”
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Recrimination
“An accusation made in reply; a counter-charge
L. re, “back,” + crimen = charge (made) back
The two friends got into a bitter fight and began hurling recriminations at one another.
syn: rebuke”
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Culp
“Latin CULPARE, CULPATUM “to blame”
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Culpable
“Deserving blame
L. culpatum + able = able to be blamed
Marshall, who ran the Tilt-a-Whirl, considered himself culpable for the accident at the amusement park.
syn: liableant: blameless”
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Culprit
“One responsible for a crime
Police currently have no idea who the culprit behind the fire might be, but they have a long list of suspects.
syn: perpetrator”
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Mea culpa
“interjection Statement uttered to show personal responsibility for a wrong
Directly from Latin mea culpa, “my fault”
“Mea culpa!” said Miguela, with some embarrassment, when she realized that she’d left the car windows down.”
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Onus/Oner
Latin ONUS “burden”
Onus
“Burden or obligation
The onus of proving that this man was at the crime scene now rests on the detective.
syn: duty”
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Onerous
“Unpleasant and burdensome
Dr. Lassiter faced the onerous task of telling the patient that his cancer had spread.
syn: demandingant: easy”
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Exonerate
“To prove not guilty
L. ex, “out of,” + onus = out of the burden (of proof)
We feel sure the evidence we have uncovered will exonerate Anna.
syn: acquitant: condemn, convict”
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Prob/Prov
“Latin PROBARE, PROBATUM “prove good, approve”
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Approbation
“Praise or approval
L. ad, “towards,” + probare = to take approval towards
Ellen won widespread approbation for her work in biomedical research.
syn: commendationant: condemnation”
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Reprobate
“A dishonest or immoral person; a scoundrel
L. re, “back, away from,” + probare = one away from approval”
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Reprove
“To scold or criticize
L. re, “back,” + probare = approval back
My aunt Thelma gently reproved me for taking more than my share of dessert.
syn: chideant: praise”
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Tort/Torq
“Latin TORQUERE, TORTUS “to twist”
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