VOCAB: Unit 5 Flashcards
Io**
The innermost of the Galilean satellites, most volcanically active body in the Solar System. Iron rich core and silicate mantle, partially molten, temporary atmosphere from volcanic gases
Great Red Spot**
A swirling vortex of clouds larger than Earth has been raging for at least 300 years and shows no sign of abating
Eurpoa**
Has a significant liquid water ocean beneath its ice surfaces. Rock and metal, metallic core, no magnetic field, temporary atmosphere formed as ice is abraded by Jupiter’s radiation
Ganymede**
Seems to have a water “slush” ocean beneath a solid ice cover. Silicate rock and ice, completely differentiated with molten iron core, surface of ice covers a salty liquid water ocean, generates its own and magnetic field. Has an oxygen-rich atmosphere
Callisto**
A body that apparently never chemically differentiated. ice and rock, undifferentiated interior, little radioactive heat may melt some ice, only weak magnetic field
Pioneer 10
Has left the Solar System
Pioneer 11
Has left the Solar System, measured Jupiters intense charged-particle and magnetic field environment
Voyager 1 & 2
1 found 9 active volcanoes in Io, 2 found 8/9 were still erupting
Galileo
ONLY craft to orbit Jupiter, suspected that Europa has a salt water ocean
New Horizons
Headed for the Kuiper Belt
Juno
First solar powered craft roam far into the outer reaches of the Solar System
Belts**
“dark” belts, temperature is higher in the atmosphere, in the regions of Descending Gas
Zones**
“bright” zones, temperature is lower in the atmosphere, in the regions of Rising Gas,
Galilean Moons
4 objects orbiting Jupiter
Regular Satellites**
Define the outer orbital reaches of a planet’s domain in space. Large, round, stable, simple
Irregular Satellites**
Satellites of unknown origin, travel in packs that indicate they were once related objects,, usually retrograde
Trojan Satellites**
2 packs of asteroids that are ahead and behind Jupiter, orbits the Sun but are gravitationally bound to Jupiter
Tidal Heating
Provides enough heat to keep the little satellite active
Orbital Resonance
The time it takes Ganymede to orbit once, Europa orbits twice and Io 4x
Belt Zone**
Appears to arise in the same way as Jupiter
Zones**
Are higher clouds formed by rising gas
Belts**
Are lower clouds formed by sinking gas
Cassain Division
The division between A and B
Mimas
Saturn’s satellite, large impact must have come close to breaking the satellite apart
Cyrovolcanoes
Volcanoes, signify that their product is not hot lava but cool-cold water and ices of various sorts
Iapetus
Shows an enormous impact crater, but is clearly old because many younger craters appear inside
Enceladus
A small satellite, albedo you would expect from snow/ice. Heavily cratered so its old
Lower Troposphere
Interesting for Uranus, temp rises fast from top to bottom. Combination of the temperature gradient plus rotation of the planet gives rise to a belt-zone cloud pattern. Pattern parallels the planet equator says that rotation is the controlling factor and not sunlight
Upper Stratosphere
Interesting for Neptune, division between upper and lower appears unusually hazy. Haze is thought to be a rather high concentration of organic molecules, caused by the breakdown of methane by light
Titania
Uranus’ largest satellite
Conduction**
Holding a metal poker in the flames heat will travel along the metal by conduction
Radiation**
What you actually feel when you stand infront of a fire are infrared photons radiated by the flames. Photons are a packets of energy
Convection**
Hot air going up a chimney is carrying hear by convection
Uhlanga Regio (polar)
A layer of liquid nitrogen 20 or 30 metres below the surface. Debris is wafted downwind, producing plumes of dark material such asViviane MaculaandNamazu Macula
Monad Regio (eastern equatorial)
Part smooth and in part hummocky, with walled plains or “lakes” such asTuonelaandRuach. Had flat floors, water must be the main material from which they were formed, because nitrogen ice and methane ice are not rigid enough to maintain surface relief over long periods
Bubembe Regio (western equatorial)
Surface resembles melon skin
Gas Giant **
A large, low-density planet composed primarily of hydrogen, helium, methane, and ammonia in either gaseous or liquid state
