VOCAB UNIT 4: Genetics

Question 1

Ancestor-

Answer 1

a person from whom one is descended from

Question 2

Descendant-

Answer 2

a person, plant, or animal that is descended from a particular ancestor

Question 3

Asexual reproduction-

Answer 3

genetic material is donated from only one parent; offspring are identical to the parent and each other (uniform)

Question 4

Chromosome-

Answer 4

made of DNA located in the nucleus; contains genetic information needed to carry out cell functions and make new cells

Question 5

Allele-

Answer 5

one of two or more genes that may occur on a chromosome

Question 6

Diverse Offspring-

Answer 6

different combinations of alleles from each parent

Question 7

Uniform Offspring-

Answer 7

offspring are identical to the parent

Question 8

DNA-

Answer 8

located in the nucleus; determines the genetic traits of an organism (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 9

Gene-

Answer 9

a segment of DNA found on a chromosome; determines the inheritance of a particular trait

Question 10

Heredity-

Answer 10

the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next

Question 11

Genetics-

Answer 11

the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics

Question 12

Sexual reproduction-

Answer 12

genetic material is donated from two parents; offspring differ from each parent and each other (diverse)

Question 13

Traits-

Answer 13

behavioral characteristics or physical attributes of an organism that are expressed by genes and/or influenced by the environment

Question 14

Heterozygous-

Answer 14

If an individual carries two different genres for a trait (Aa)

Question 15

Homozygous-

Answer 15

If an individual carries the same two alleles for a gene (AA or aa)

Question 16

Dominant Trait-

Answer 16

inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele

Question 17

Recessive Trait-

Answer 17

a trait that is expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles

Question 18

Geneotype-

Answer 18

the genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Question 19

phenotype-

Answer 19

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment

Question 20

Punnet Square-

Answer 20

used to calculate and depict all the combinations of the different genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring