Vocab unit 4 - Genetics Flashcards
Ancestor
A person whom one is descended from
Descendant
a person, a plant or animal that is descendent from a particular anscestor
Asexual reproduction
genestic material is donated from only one parent; offspring are identical to the parent and each other ( uniform )
Chromosome
made of DNA located in the nucleus: contains genetic information needed to carry out cell functions and make new cells.
Allele
one of two or more genes that may occur on a chromosome
Diverse offspring
different combinations of alleles from each parent
Uniform offspring
offspring are identical to the parent
DNA
located in the nucleus: determines the genetic traits of an organism ( deoxyribonucleic acid )
Gene
a segment of DNA found on a chromosome: determines the inheritance of a particular trait.
Heredity
the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next
Genetics
the study of heredity and the viaration of inherited characteristics
sexual reproduction
genestic material is donated from teo parents : offspring differ from each parent and each other ( diverse )
Traits
behavioral characteristics or physical attributes of an organism that are expressed by genes and/or infuenced by the enviorment
Heterozygous
If an individual carries two different genres for a trait ( Aa )
Homozygous
If an individual carries the same two alleles for a gene ( AA or aa )
Dominant trait
inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele
Recessive trait
a trait that is expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles
Genotype
the genetic constitution of an individual organism
phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of it’s genotype with the enviorment
punnet square
used to calculate and depict all the combinations of the different genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring.
