Vocab Unit 2 Flashcards
any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.
Carbohydrate
any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.
Protein
any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.
Lipids
a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence.
(in commercial use) effervescent soft drinks.
Minerals
the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1 °C (now usually defined as 4.1868 joules).
Calories
any of a group of organic compounds that are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body.
Vitamins
a simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
Glucose
a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life.
Nutrients
dietary material containing substances such as cellulose, lignin, and pectin, which are resistant to the action of digestive enzymes.
Fiber
a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.
Macromolecules
an odorless tasteless white substance occurring widely in plant tissue and obtained chiefly from cereals and potatoes. It is a polysaccharide that functions as a carbohydrate store and is an important constituent of the human diet.
Starch
fat that consists of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the individual carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain. That is, the chain of carbon atoms is fully “saturated” with hydrogen atoms. …
Saturated Fat
a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain. A fatty acid chain is monounsaturated if it contains one double bond, and polyunsaturated if it contains more than one double bond. …
Unsaturated Fat
the chemical element of atomic number 12, a silver-white metal of the alkaline earth series. It is used to make strong lightweight alloys, especially for the aerospace industry, and is also used in flashbulbs and pyrotechnics because it burns with a brilliant white flame.
Magnesium
a natural oily or greasy substance occurring in animal bodies, especially when deposited as a layer under the skin or around certain organs.
Fat
a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. While the pH scale formally measures the activity of hydrogen ions in a substance or solution, it is typically approximated as the concentration of hydrogen ions.
pH scale
a substance capable of reacting with an acid to form a salt and water, or (more broadly) of accepting or neutralizing hydrogen ions.
Base
a chemical substance that neutralizes alkalis, dissolves some metals, and turns litmus red; typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid of this kind
Acids
a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group.
Amino Acids
HDL
High-Density Lipoprotein
LDL
Low-Density Lipoprotein
of, relating to, or derived from living matter
Organic
a compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues, including the blood and the nerves. Cholesterol and its derivatives are important constituents of cell membranes and precursors of other steroid compounds, but high concentrations in the blood (mainly derived from animal fats in the diet) are thought to promote atherosclerosis.
Cholesterol
Homeostasis
SAME STATE
