Vocab Unit 2

Question 1

Rhetorical Triangle
(another name)

Answer 1

Aristotelian Triangle
speaker–audience–subject

Question 2

concession

Answer 2

acknowledging that the opposing argument may be true or reasonable. Usually accompianed by a refutation challenging the validity of the opposing argument

Question 3

Refutation

Answer 3

a denial of the validity of an opposing argument

Question 4

rhetoric

Answer 4

the art of finding ways to persuade an audience

Question 5

rhetorical appeals

Answer 5

the major appeals are pathos,ethos,logos
used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they feel is most important

Question 6

Alliteration

Answer 6

repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence

Question 7

allusion

Answer 7

brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictitious) or to a work of art

Question 8

Anaphora

Answer 8

repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines

Question 9

Antimetabole

Answer 9

Repition of words in reverse order
I know what I like, and I like what I know

Question 10

Antithesis

Answer 10

opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction
marriage proposes God disposes
love is an ideal thing, marriage is a real thing

Question 11

archaic diction

Answer 11

old-fashioned or outdated choice of words

Question 12

Asyndeton

Answer 12

omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words
I came, I saw, I conquered.

Question 13

hortative sentence

Answer 13

sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action

Question 14

Juxtaposition

Answer 14

placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences

Question 15

metaphor

Answer 15

figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as

Question 16

Parallelism

Answer 16

similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses

Question 17

periodic sentence

Answer 17

sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end
In spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, the game continued.

Question 18

Personification

Answer 18

attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea

Question 19

rhetorical question

Answer 19

figure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer

Question 20

Synedoche

Answer 20

figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole
hungry mouths to feed

Question 21

Zeuguma

Answer 21

use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings
She broke his car and his heart.

Question 22

Anastrophe

Answer 22

the inversion of the usual order of words or clauses

Question 23

Polysyndeton

Answer 23

Deliberate use of many conjunctions
Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers.

Question 24

Chiasmus

Answer 24

reversing order of words in the second of two parallel phrases
“let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate”

Question 25

antimetabole

Answer 25

repeating phrase in reverse order
you like it, it likes you
fair is foul foul is fair

Question 26

anaphora

Answer 26

inversion of the typical word order in a sentence
patience I lack
into the water dove the boy

Question 27

zeugma

Answer 27

one word to refer to two or more different things
he fished for trout and for compliments

Question 28

parallelism

Answer 28

my face is washed, my hair is combed, and my teeth are brushed.
we are giving away our furniture, selling our house, and moving to Spain

Question 29

juxtapostion

Answer 29

dreams of happinessed vs dreams of sadness

Question 30

Asynedeton

Answer 30

Speed up the film, Montag, quick. Click, Pic, Look, Eye, Now, Flick, Here, There, Swift, Pace, Up, Down, In, Out, Why, How, Who, What, Where, Eh? Uh! Bang! Smack! Wallop, Bing, Bong, Boom!

Question 31

alliteration

Answer 31

Repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables
in sequence.

Question 32

antithesis

Answer 32

Opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction.

Question 33

asyndeton

Answer 33

Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or
words.

Question 34

cumulative sentence

Answer 34

an independent clause followed by one or more modifiers

Question 35

imperative sentence

Answer 35

Sentence used to command or enjoin.

Question 36

inversion

Answer 36

Inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order).
yesterday a ship I saw
shocked I was

Question 37

juxtaposition

Answer 37

Placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities
or differences.

Question 38

oxymoron

Answer 38

Paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one
another.
cruel kidness
open secret

Question 39

personification

Answer 39

Attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea.

Question 40

synedoche

Answer 40

Figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole.
check out my new wheels

Question 41

audience

Answer 41

The listener, viewer, or reader of a text. Most texts are likely to have
multiple audiences.

Question 42

connotation

Answer 42

Meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its
dictionary definition, or denotation. Connotations are usually positive or negative, and they can greatly affect the author’s tone.

Question 43

context

Answer 43

The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding
a text.

Question 44

counterargument

Answer 44

An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward.
Rather than ignoring a counterargument, a strong writer will usually address it through the process of concession and refutation.

Question 45

ethos

Answer 45

Greek for “character.” Speakers appeal to ethos to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic. Ethos is established by both who you are and what you say.

Question 46

logos

Answer 46

Greek for “embodied thought.” Speakers appeal to logos, or reason, by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up.

Question 47

occasion

Answer 47

The time and place a speech is given or a piece is written.

Question 48

pathos

Answer 48

Greek for “suffering” or “experience.” Speakers appeal to pathos to emotionally motivate their audience. More specific appeals to pathos might play on the audience’s values, desires, and hopes, on the one hand, or fears and prejudices, on the other.

Question 49

persona

Answer 49

Greek for “mask.” The face or character that a speaker shows to his or
her audience.

Question 50

polemic

Answer 50

Greek for “hostile.” An aggressive argument that tries to establish the
superiority of one opinion over all others. Polemics generally do not concede that opposing opinions have any merit.

Question 51

propaganda

Answer 51

The spread of ideas and information to further a cause. In its negative
sense, propaganda is the use of rumors, lies, disinformation, and scare tactics in order to damage or promote a cause.

Question 52

purpose

Answer 52

The goal the speaker wants to achieve.

Question 53

refutation

Answer 53

A denial of the validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound
reasonable, refutations often follow a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable.

Question 54

SOAPS

Answer 54

A mnemonic device that stands for Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, and Speaker. It is a handy way to remember the various elements that make up the rhetorical situation.