Vocab topic 2

Question 0

Theory

Answer 0

a well supported idea in science that explains all observations from a phenomenon; all observations, experiments, etc. support the theory; no evidence disputes the functioning of the theory

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

change in populations over time

Question 2

Charles Darwin

Answer 2

wrote “on the origin of species by means of natural selection” after taking a 5 year voyage around the world on the HMS Beagle and visiting the Galapagos Islands

Question 3

Alfred Russel Wallace:

Answer 3

also developed the idea of natural selection by means of natural selection at the same time as Darwin

Question 4

Artificial Selection

Answer 4

selecting desired traits for the purpose of breeding animals like dogs, cats, cattle, etc.; what caused the evolution of all different kinds of dog breeds

Question 5

Natural selection

Answer 5

when organisms with a desirable variation survive, reproduce and pass on that favorable variation to future generations

Question 6

fitness

Answer 6

the ability to survive, reproduce and pass on traits to future generations

Question 7

survival of the fittest

Answer 7

another way of thinking of natural selection

Question 8

Galapagos Islands

Answer 8

where Darwin visited and observedso many organisms that helped to shape his ideas about natural selection

Question 9

Overproduction

Answer 9

more babies are born than can survive in a population

Question 10

Variation

Answer 10

all individuals in a population are genetically different (due to the presence of mutations that accumulate variety in a species)

Question 11

Selection pressure

Answer 11

any factor that results in natural selection (like a drought, a predator, competition for food, e.g.)

Question 12

Best adapted

Answer 12

those individuals that are best adapted are most fit

Question 13

Many generations

Answer 13

over a long time

Question 14

Adaptation

Answer 14

any variation that improves the chances of an organism surviving, reproducing, and passing on its traits to future generations

Question 15

Camouflage

Answer 15

an example of an adaptation in which species can blend in their surroundings

Question 16

Mimicry

Answer 16

an example of an adaptation in which species can copy the appearance of more dangerous organisms

Question 17

peppered moth

Answer 17

a classic example observed, documented, natural selection in action; peppered moths eveolved in response to large scale environmental changes observed in and around London after the beginning of the Industrial Revolution

Question 18

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

Answer 18

another classic example of observed, documented, natural selection in action; bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics (meaning the antibiotic no longer works and kills the bacteria) as a result of the strong selection pressure applied by treating so many bacterial infections with antibiotics

Question 19

Homologous structure

Answer 19

same basic structure seen in different organisms due to their evolution from a common ancestor; all terrestrial vertebrates have the basic bone structures in their limbs

Question 20

Vestigial structure

Answer 20

a structure present in a modern organism that had no known function but it present because it was useful in an ancestral species; like humans having gill slits during their embryo develop for example

Question 21

Analogous structure

Answer 21

a similar structure seen in different organisms due to their experiencing similar natural selection pressures (not evolved from a common ancestor); like birds and insects having wings

Question 22

Pentadactyl limb

Answer 22

the basic limb structure of all terrestrial vertebrates (the same five digit plan)

Question 23

common ancestor

Answer 23

a single species from which multiple modern species evolve

Question 24

embryology:

Answer 24

the study of embryos to understand evolutionary relationships

Question 25

biochemical evidence

Answer 25

the studying of DNA to understand evolutionary relationships