Vocab Terms Exam 1

Question 1

<p>blastopore</p>

Answer 1

<p>a pore in the blastula development stage that either forms into the mouth (in protostomes) or the anus (in deuterostomes)</p>

Question 2

<p>coelom</p>

Answer 2

<p>a body cavity lying between the outer body wall and the gut lined with derivatives of the embryonic mesoderm</p>

Question 3

<p>commensalism</p>

Answer 3

<p>a relationship where one organism benefits while the other is not affected (ex. commensal crabs within a Chaetopterus tube)</p>

Question 4

<p>Cercaria</p>

Answer 4

<p>free swimming larvae of a Trematode that develops in a mollusc host </p>

Question 5

<p>Mutualism (Give an Example)</p>

Answer 5

<p>Symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved. Calliactus tricolor on hermit crabs.</p>

Question 6

Monoecious

Answer 6

hermaphroditic. contains both male and female organs in same individual

Question 7

<p>Deuterosome</p>

Answer 7

<p>Blastopore becomes the anus. Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Chordata</p>

Question 8

spiral cleavage

Answer 8

pattern of early cleavage where blastomeres are rotated with respect to the vegetal pole

Question 9

radial cleavage

Answer 9

cleavage in deuterstomes characterized by having blastomeres of upper tier over the lower ones

Question 10

polyphyletic

Answer 10

groups of organisms sharing similar characteristics yet deriving differently ancestrally.

Question 11

monophyletic

Answer 11

taxon forming a clade deriving same ancestrally

Question 12

<p>Trocophore larva</p>

Answer 12

free-swimming planktonic larvae having 2 bands of cilia around upper and middle cluster of flagellae.

Question 13

<p>Pilidium larva</p>

Answer 13

<p>the free-swimming hat-shaped larva of various nemertean worms in whose interior the young worm develops</p>

Question 14

<p>Veliger</p>

Answer 14

A larval mollusk that is free-swimming and has a velum.

Question 15

schizocoely

Answer 15

body cavity formed from blocks of mesoderm around gut enlarging and and hollowing out resulting coelomic cavities

Question 16

monophyletic

Answer 16

taxon forming a clade that derives same ancestrally

Question 17

<p>miracidium</p>

Answer 17

<p>A ciliated larva of a digenetic trematode, which hatches from the egg and enters the first intermediate host, where it develops into a sporocyst or a redia.</p>

Question 18

<p>planula</p>

Answer 18

<p>The flat, free-swimming, ciliated larva of a cnidarian.</p>

Question 19

<p>Protonephridia (Examples of two phyla in which they occur)</p>

Answer 19

<p>A hollow cell in the excretory system of certain invertebrates, such as flatworms and rotifers, containing a bunch of rapidly beating cilia that serve to propel waste products to the outside through an excretory tubule.</p>

<p>Examples: Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, &amp; Rotifera</p>

Question 20

<p>Metanephridia (Occur in which phylum studied so far?)</p>

Answer 20

<p>is a type of excretory gland found in many types of invertebrates such as annelids, arthropods and molluscs. (In molluscs it is known as the Bojanus organ.) A metanephridium typically consists of a ciliated funnel opening into the body cavity or coelom connected to a duct which may be variously glandularized, folded or expanded (vesiculate) and which typically opens to the organism's exterior.</p>

Question 21

enterocoely

Answer 21

body cavity formed by gut lining breaking off and forming coelom occurs in deuterostomes.

Question 22

Parasitism (Give an Example)

Answer 22

a non-mutual symbiotic relationship between species, where one species, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host. Traditionally parasite referred primarily to organisms visible to the naked eye, or macroparasites (such as helminths). Example: Pseudione overstreeti on P. Pugio

Question 23

Protostome

Answer 23

Blastopore becomes the mouth exhibit spiral cleavage.

Question 24

Protandry

Answer 24

in hermaphroditic animals male reproductive organs are produced before female inhibiting self fertilization

Question 25

Protogyny

Answer 25

a state in hermaphroditic systems that is characterized by development of female organs or maturation of their products before the appearance of the corresponding male product thus inhibiting self-fertilization and that is encountered in apples, pears, figworts, and among several groups of invertebrate animals

Question 26

Diploblastic

Answer 26

Having body tissues derived from only two germ layers, the endoderm and the ectoderm, as in the cnidarians.

Question 27

Triploblastic

Answer 27

Having body tissues derived from three germ layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm, seen in all multicellular animals except certain invertebrates such as the cnidarians and sponges.

Question 28

Apomorphic State

Answer 28

derived specialized characteristic or state,

Question 29

Plesiomorphic State

Answer 29

primitive ancestral characteristic or state

Question 30

Dioecious

Answer 30

has distinct male and female individual organisms or colonies, meaning that a colony contains only either male or female individuals.

Question 31

Holoblastic

Answer 31

characterized by complete cleavage that divides the whole egg into distinct and separate blastomeres