Vocab Terms

Question 1

Addison’s disease

Answer 1

an endocrine disease caused by hypo-functioning of the thyroid gland.

Question 2

Affective functioning

Answer 2

feelings and emotions such as happiness, anger, anxiety, sadness, depression that are observed in a client during a mental status exam. Non-verbal examples include tears, facial expression, voice tone, and bodily posture. Drummond and Jones (2006) indicate that this domain includes dimensions of personality such as attitudes, motives, and emotional behavior, temperament, and personality traits.

Question 3

Al-Anon

Answer 3

an organization similar to AA for spouses and family members of those with alcohol related disorders. The purpose of the organization is to assist the spouse and the family members to regain self-esteem, to discontinue feeling blame for the user’s drinking disorder, and to restructure their lives.

Question 4

Alateen

Answer 4

an organization similar to Al-Anon for children and adolescents to help them understand their parent’s alcohol disorders.

Question 5

Alogia

Answer 5

an impoverishment in thinking that is inferred from observing impoverished speech and language behavior.

Question 6

Alzheimer’s Type (Dementia)

Answer 6

the gradual and continuing cognitive decline consisting of progressive deficits in memory or cognition, not due to other central nervous system, substance effects, or other systemic conditions known to cause dementia.

Question 7

Amnesia

Answer 7

the partial or total forgetting of past experiences, which can be associated with organic brain syndromes or functional, non-organic disorders.

Question 8

Anemia

Answer 8

a pathological deficiency in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood measured in unit volume concentrations of hemoglobin, red blood cell volume, and red blood cell number.

Question 9

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 9

chronic failure to eat for fear of gaining weight; characterized by an extreme loss of appetite that results in severe malnutrition, semi-starvation, and sometimes death.

Question 10

Antabuse

Answer 10

Antabuse (disulfiram) is a drug used as an adverse conditioning treatment for alcohol dependence by triggering a very distressing (and sometimes dangerous) reaction to alcohol. Therefore ‘alcoholics’ who agree to sue Antabuse as a deterrent must be fully informed about its potential dangers and a physician should monitor its use.

Question 11

Autonomic Arousal

Answer 11

physiological responses to emotion controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) - that part of the nervous system that governs the smooth muscles, the hear muscle, the glands, the viscera, and the sensory system. The ANS. is comprised of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems and maintains homeostasis in the body generally without conscious control. This system affects heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, salivation, perspiration, diameter of the pupils, micturition (urination, and sexual arousal. Emotional arousal such as fear or excitement, for example, increases hear and respiration rates, papillary dilation, perspiration, and reduces digestive activity.

Question 12

Avolition

Answer 12

an inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activities.

Question 13

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 13

a mood disorder involving both depressive and/or manic episodes. Manic (and sometimes depressive) episodes are typically bizarre and associated with delusions (fixed erroneous beliefs) that individuals within the person’s culture would regard as totally implausible.

Question 14

Bizarre Delusions

Answer 14

fixed false beliefs of a pathological nature. Delusions typically occur in the context of neurological or mental illness, although they are not tied to any particular disease and have been found to occur in the context of many pathological states (both physical and mental). However, they are of particular diagnostic importance in psychotic disorders and particularly in schizophrenia. They typically involve a phenomenon that the person’s culture would regard as totally implausible.

Question 15

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Answer 15

a disturbance, lasting at least one day, which involves delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.

Question 16

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 16

excessive overeating or uncontrolled binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting.

Question 17

Catatonia

Answer 17

a form of withdrawal in which an individual retreats into a completely immobile state showing a total lack of responsiveness to stimulation.

Question 18

Cognitive functioning

Answer 18

conscious intellectual activity, thought organization, capacity for reasoning, and memory. Speech behavior may reflect cognitive functioning such as fragmented, fluid, staccato, slow, etc. Cognition is the process of obtaining, organizing, and using intellectual knowledge. This domain reflects the understanding set for daily living. The individual performs acts that acquire information that is stored in memory only to be retrieved at a later time. The interviewer proves for the mental strategies or plans the client is able to access and utilize. This domain includes the activities of input, storage, and output of information. In summary, Drummond and Jones (2006) describe the cognitive domain to include the various tasks and levels in perceiving, thinking, and remembering. The levels refer to the cognitive domain of learning.

Question 19

Coitus

Answer 19

the physical union of male and female sex organs

Question 20

Compulsivity

Answer 20

actions or behaviors that an individual may consider irrational but feels compelled to do.

Question 21

Conversion Disorder

Answer 21

a psychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of a conversion symptom such as numbness, paralysis, loss of function, or seizures, but where no neurological explanation can be found. The disorder is presumably caused by an intrapsychic conflict and can emerge suddenly in response to stress in a person’s life.

Question 22

Comorbidity

Answer 22

referring to two or more interactive disease processes. Individuals with a substance use disorder, for example, often have depression or post-traumatic stress disorder or both as one or more comorbid disorders.

Question 23

Delusional Disorder

Answer 23

a psychotic disorder similar to schizophrenia in which the delusional system is the basic or even the only abnormality. Schizophrenia and delusional disorder are distinct disorders which often share certain features such as paranoia, suspiciousness, and unrealistic thinking. Schizophrenia, however, is associated with a loss of contact with reality and a decline in general functioning. In contrast delusional disorder, a much less common disorder, preserves contact with reality except for the focused delusional thinking that comprises specific functioning while preserving most realistic activity.

Question 24

Demand Characteristics

Answer 24

the sum total of cues that convey the counselor’s wishes, expectations, and worldviews to clients and influence their behavior. According to Kanter, Kohlenberg and Loftus (2002) demand characteristics plays a role in dissociative identity disorder, repressed memory controversy, and during treatment rationales.

Question 25

Dementia

Answer 25

the development of multiple deficits in memory or cognition that are due to the direct physiological effects of a general medical condition, to the persisting effects of the substance, or to multiple etiologies including Alzheimer's disease.

Question 26

Dependence

Answer 26

when pertaining to physical dependence on substances, refers to a state resulting from habitual use of a drug so that negative physical withdrawal symptoms result from abrupt discontinuation; derived from a pattern of substance use that leads to clinically significant impairment indicated by increasingly larger amounts over a longer period of time than intended.

Question 27

Dependence

Answer 27

when pertaining to non-substance dependence refers to the reliance on or needing of someone or something for aid and support.

Question 28

Depersonalization

Answer 28

A feeling of estrangement or detachment from oneself.

Question 29

Depersonalization Disorder

Answer 29

A disorder associated with alterations in the perception or experience of the self so that one feels detached from, and as if one is an outside observer of, one's mental processes or body.

Question 30

Differential Diagnosis

Answer 30

the consideration of more than one alternative diagnosis with similar features. For example, a counselor interviewing someone with symptoms of depression must consider a variety of diagnoses such as major depression, dysthymic, adjustment disorder with depressed mood, substance induced depression, and bipolar disorder, depressed type.

Question 31

Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 31

Formerly referred to as psychogenic amnesia, dissociative amnesia is a pervasive loss of memory of significant personal information usually of a traumatic or stressful nature that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.

Question 32

Dissociative Fugue

Answer 32

an individual who experiences sudden, unexpected travel away from one's home with the loss of recall for one's past.

Question 33

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 33

the presence of two or more distinct personalities or identity states that control an individual combined with that individual's inability to recall significant personal information beyond ordinary forgetfulness.

Question 34

Double Depression

Answer 34

chronic, minor or intermittent depression, as well as major depressive disorder. For example, an individual suffering from dysthymic disorder may have one or more episodes of major depressive disorder as an additional diagnosis. This combination comprises double depression.

Question 35

Dysfunction

Answer 35

abnormal functioning

Question 36

Dyspareunia

Answer 36

a kind of sexual dysfunction characterized by pain during intercourse. Men may suffer from this disorder but it is more typically a female problem.

Question 37

Dysthymic Disorder

Answer 37

a chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day more days than not for at least two years.

Question 38

Emaciation

Answer 38

the loss of substantial amounts of needed fat and muscle tissue, often due to a lack of nutrients from starvation or disease. It may be present in fashion models that choose the emaciation look and as the result of eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia. The bones in an emaciated person are distinguishable, shoulder blades are sharp, ribs and spine can be clearly seen, and extremities are not significantly wider than the bones that support them. Although emaciation can be acquired by humans deliberately, it is also found in animals and peoples across the planet due to lack of food and starvation.

Question 39

Endocrine Diseases

Answer 39

illnesses like hyper or hypothyroidism, acromegaly (gigantism), adrenal hyperplasia, and diabetes mellitus caused by abnormalities of "glands" such as the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and pancreas.

Question 40

Erotomanic

Answer 40

a period of delusion in which the central theme is that another person is in love with the individual.

Question 41

Etiological Factors

Answer 41

the factors that contribute to or cause disease.

Question 42

Exhibitionism

Answer 42

Involves exposing one's genitals to a stranger. The onset is usually before age 18.

Question 43

Exposure Therapy

Answer 43

exposure to real-life situations as a component of effective fear reduction.

Question 44

Factitious

Answer 44

the intentional production of physical or psychological signs or symptoms.

Question 45

Fetishism

Answer 45

involves the use of non-living objects. The person usually masturbates while holding, rubbing, or smelling the object.

Question 46

Flooding

Answer 46

a respondent conditioning technique in which extinction is achieved by confronting the anxiety-producing stimulus.

Question 47

Frotteurism

Answer 47

occurring most commonly between the ages of 15 and 25 and involving achieving arousal and orgasm by fantasizing about or touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person.

Question 48

Gender Dysphoria

Answer 48

persistence and intense distress about his or her assigned sex.

Question 49

Gender Identity

Answer 49

the basic sense of self as a male or female

Question 50

Gender Identity Disorder

Answer 50

a disorder manifested by a strong and persistent cross-gender identification and persistent discomfort with one's given anatomical sex or gender role.

Question 51

Gender Role

Answer 51

the public manifestation of gender identity

Question 52

Grandiose (Grandiosity)

Answer 52

an over-inflated appraisal of one's worth, power, knowledge, importance, identity.

Question 53

Habituation

Answer 53

non-associative learning in which there is a progressive diminution of behavioral response probability with repetition of a stimulus. As a treatment technique it is a strategic application of exposure and response prevention (ER) for OCD and Tourette's clients. The client is prevented from performing the repetitive behavior (compulsion) after exposure to the feared stimuli and anxiety levels are reduced.

Question 54

Hallucination

Answer 54

a sensory perception that has the compelling sense of reality of a true perception but that occurs without external stimulation of the relevant sensory organ.

Question 55

Hyper

Answer 55

excessive activity compared to the normal

Question 56

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 56

overactive parathyroid gland activity causing abnormal levels of calcium in the body.

Question 57

Hypersomnia

Answer 57

excessive sleepiness as evidenced by prolonged sleep or daytime sleep episodes that occur daily.

Question 58

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 58

overactive thyroid glad activity which causes symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, perspiration, and rapid pulse.

Question 59

Hypo

Answer 59

diminished activity compared to the normal

Question 60

Hypoactive Sexual Desires Disorder

Answer 60

a deficiency or absence of sexual fantasies and desire.

Question 61

Hypochondriasis

Answer 61

recurrent complaints of physical problems or pain because of anxiety or an unrealistic fear of having a serious disease.

Question 62

Hypoglycemia

Answer 62

abnormally low blood sugar often related to excessive insulin production by the pancreas, sometimes associated with stress.

Question 63

Latrogenic

Answer 63

a condition induced in a patient by a physicians words or actions.

Question 64

Insomnia

Answer 64

a subjective complaint of difficulty falling or staying asleep or poor sleep quality.

Question 65

Labelle Indifference

Answer 65

an individual's lack of anxiety or other emotional response to a symptom that would be considered distressing by most people.

Question 66

Malingering

Answer 66

the intentional production of false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms, motivated by external incentives (e.g., avoiding military duty, avoiding work, obtaining financial compensation, evading criminal prosecution, or obtaining drugs.) The malinger seeks medical care and presents symptoms deceitfully in a deliberate attempt to deceive for external purposes such as obtaining insurance benefits for a phony injury, getting lighter criminal sentences, avoiding prison, obtaining drugs, obtaining money, or simply to attract attention or sympathy.

Question 67

Major Depression Disorder

Answer 67

a type of major mood disorder characterized by a single or recurrent major depressive episodes occurring without intervening manic episodes.

Question 68

Mania

Answer 68

a severe medical condition characterized by extremely elevated mood, energy, and unusual thought patterns, most often associated with bipolar disorder, where episodes of mania may cyclically alternate with episodes of clinical depression. Although mania and hypomania have sometimes been associated with creativity and artistic talent, mania generally is very undesirable and has the potential to be very destructive. Classic symptoms include rapid speech, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep, hypersexuality, euphoria, grandiosity, irritability, and increased interest in goal-directed activities. Mild forms of mania, known as hypomania, generally cause little or no impairment but can induce behavior such as spending sprees; more severe forms of mania do cause impairment and may even feature grandiose delusions or hallucinations.

Question 69

Manic

Answer 69

a period of mania that usually begins and ends suddenly and causes a radical change in an individual's social functioning.

Question 70

Metabolic Diseases

Answer 70

illnesses related to abnormal functioning of organs such as liver, kidneys, blood, and gastrointestinal system.

Question 71

Mindfulness

Answer 71

Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) was developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn when combined with mediation is teach (instruct) clients in how to quiet the mind and to become aware of the present moment. During 2012 there were 477 scientific journal articles published on mindfulness practices (Picket, 2014). This training of the brain to focus is a way to cope emotionally and behaviorally with the stressors encountered on a daily basis. Jon Kabat-Zinn believes the mind can be rewired to allow the client to pause and reset and has been recommended for anxiety issues. The typical program is for once a week for eight weeks meeting two-and-a-half hours. The concept is based on the fact the mind can adapt and rewired (neuroplasticity). The strategy to distress through mediation and mindfulness practice. research tends to support that mindfulness practice does lower cortisol levels and blood pressure, and to increase immune response.

Question 72

Mixed Episode

Answer 72

a period of time lasting at least one week in which criteria are met for one or more diagnoses. The individual experiences rapidly alternating moods.

Question 73

Morbidity

Answer 73

relating to or caused by disease

Question 74

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

Answer 74

a disorder caused by parents who fabricate or induce physical illnesses in their children.

Question 75

Negative Symptoms

Answer 75

involve the loss of normal functioning and resemble depression type symptoms such as loss of will, range of affect, pleasure and fluency of content of speech.

Question 76

Neurological consultation

Answer 76

a one-time thorough evaluation by a neurologist which includes a complete neurological (physical) examination and neurologically specific diagnostic modalities. For example, a patient with a serious headache is referred to a neurological consultant by his family doctor. The consultant will consider the diagnostic possibilities such as brain tumor, abscess, hemorrage, meningitis, hydrocephalus, and blood clot, trauma to the head, sinus disease, malformation, or aneurysm. The consultant will perform an examination and may order a number of diagnostic studies including blood chemistry, urinalysis, CT scan, MRI, sinus x-ray, EEG, and spinal tap. If the results point to a brain tumor, the consultant will report the findings to the referring doctor and recommend treatment by an oncologist and/or neurosurgeon.

Question 77

Neurological examination

Answer 77

an examination by a neurologist, which may be repeated in follow-up visits, which is more specific and focused on the patient's complaint and may or may not include all of the diagnostic modalities that have been included in a one-time consultation that leads to initial and follow-up treatments. For example, after the initial neurological evaluation, the neurologist may make a diagnosis of migraines and prescribe a treatment. During each follow-up visit the neurologist will monitor changes or improvements in the patient's headaches with further neurological examinations.

Question 78

Non-specific Chest Pain

Answer 78

pain in the chest, often thought by the patient to be caused by a heart condition or heart attack but which has no specific or clear cause. Such a pain may be muscular in origin or related to spasm in underlying organs such as the stomach or esophagus. Patients with panic disorder often complain of non-specific chest pain, believing erroneously that they are having a heart attack.

Question 79

Obsessive-Compulsive Behavior

Answer 79

involuntary dwelling on an unwelcome thought (obsession) and/or involuntary repetition of an unnecessary action (compulsion).

Question 80

Orgasm

Answer 80

the climax of sexual excitement, marked normally by ejaculation of semen by the male and by the release of the tumescence in erectile organs of both sexes.

Question 81

Paraphilia

Answer 81

recurrent and intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges or behaviors that generally involve nonhuman objects, the suffering or humiliation of oneself or one's partner or children or other nonconsenting persons.

Question 82

Pedophilia

Answer 82

involves sexual activity with a prepubescent child (13 years or younger). The pedophile must be at least 16 years of age and five years older than the child (victim).

Question 83

Pernicious Anemia

Answer 83

a metabolic disease whereby lack of absorption of vitamin B-12 in the stomach causes macrocytic (large red cells) anemia.

Question 84

Persecutory

Answer 84

perception that one is being conspired against

Question 85

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Answer 85

dysthymia and chronic major depressive disorder was combined into PDD and is a chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day, more days than not and accounted for by the client or others for at least two years.

Question 86

Pervasive Developmental Disorder

Answer 86

disorders in which severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development exists.

Question 87

Plethsymograph

Answer 87

an instrument that measures variations in the size of an organ or body part on the basis of the amount of blood passing through or present in the part.

Question 88

Polygraph

Answer 88

a physiological recording device equipped with sensors which, when attached to the body, can pick up subtle physiological changes in the form of electrical impulses. The changes are recorded on a moving roll of paper.

Question 89

Positive Symptoms

Answer 89

symptoms generally ascribed to patients with schizophrenia that demonstrate distortions of normal functioning, i.e.psychotic symptoms which are primarily hallucinations and delusions. These are in contrast to negative symptoms such as depression, affective flattening, alogia, or avolition.

Question 90

Post-partum (specifier)

Answer 90

a mood disorder or episode that begins within four weeks after delivery of a child.

Question 91

Premature Ejaculation

Answer 91

ejaculation that occurs before a couple would prefer it to.

Question 92

Psychiatric Evaluation

Answer 92

A psychiatric evaluation is often requested without necessarily resulting in medications being prescribed. This evaluation is performed by a psychiatrist (who has medical training and possesses an MD degree) who is uniquely trained to understand the relationship between a psychiatric condition as well as one of many different medical conditions, an understanding of current medical conditions that may be causing or contributing to the disorder, an assessment of the patient's medications for pain, particularly opiates if they are being taken, and the patient's use/misuse/or abuse of substance use/abuse disorders.

Question 93

Psychosomatic

Answer 93

the interrelationship between mental or emotional activity (psyche) and physical or physiological activity (soma)

Question 94

Psychosomatic Illness

Answer 94

the presence of physical symptoms such as pain, gastrointestinal problems, cardiovascular symptoms, or neurological complaints caused by the inter-relationship between mental or emotional activity (psyche) and physical symptoms or psychological activity (soma).

Question 95

Psychopharmacological Evaluation

Answer 95

An evaluation for psychotropic medication does include a psychiatric evaluation but involves the specific determination as to which medications, if any, would be best prescribed for the patient.

Question 96

Psychopharmacology

Answer 96

relates to the study of drugs and medications effects on the mind.

Question 97

Pharmacotherapy

Answer 97

the treatment of diseases and psychiatric disorders with medications.

Question 98

Purging

Answer 98

to undergo or cause an emptying of the gastrointestinal tract, either upper or lower.

Question 99

Rapid Cycling

Answer 99

a shifting of affective poles that occurs within a one year period of time (at least four or more episodes). Coryell (2005) approximates that one of six bipolar clients presents with rapid cycling. Care is to be taken in diagnosing and distinguishing ADHD and bipolar rapid cycling in adolescents and children; and distinguishing borderline personality disorder from bipolar rapid cycling in adults.

Question 100

Secondary Gain

Answer 100

an extraneous benefit from being ill, such as increased attention from others or financial gain from disability

Question 101

Schizoaffective (disorder)

Answer 101

a syndrome intermediate between schizophrenia and mood disorder in which individuals suffer a manic or a depressive episode while showing the symptoms of schizophrenia. the diagnosis can be confirmed when symptoms such as hallucinations or disordered thinking persist after the mood disorder (mania or depression) has cleared.

Question 102

Schizophreniform (disorder)

Answer 102

a schizophrenic episode that lasts for more than two weeks but less than six months, with or without a precipitating event.

Question 103

Sexual Aversion Disorder

Answer 103

the aversion or active avoidance of genital sexual contact with a sexual partner.

Question 104

Sexual Masochism

Answer 104

involves the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer.

Question 105

Sexual Sadism

Answer 105

involves acts in which the individual derives sexual excitement from the psychological or physical suffering of the victim. The satisfaction may be derived from causing others physical or social suffering (humiliation.)

Question 106

Shared Psychotic Disorder

Answer 106

a disorder in which delusions develop in an individual involved in a close relationship with another person, which are similar to or the same as those experienced by the person who already has a psychotic disorder with prominent delusions.

Question 107

Social Skills Training (SST)

Answer 107

the use of modeling, behavioral rehearsal, corrective feedback, social reinforcement, and homework assignments, to teach effective social behavior. It was believed that social phobia resulted from deficient verbal (e.g. appropriate speech content) and non-verbal (e.g., eye contact, posture, and gestures).

Question 108

Solution-focused therapy

Answer 108

the focus is on solutions rather than causes whereas problem focused therapy focuses on the causes. SFT is a short term approach that empowers the client to orient towards solutions with the assistance of the counselor. SFT is future oriented.

Question 109

Somatization

Answer 109

physical symptoms that lack good medical explanation, frequently involving some kind of physical pain, gastrointestinal problem, sexual symptom or neurological complaint. The complaints or symptoms of somatization disorder appear when there is no demonstrable organic cause.

Question 110

Stress Inoculation Training (SIT; developed by Meichenbaum)

Answer 110

the combination of cognitive restructuring with training in verbal self-instruction and behavioral self-management techniques; clients are encouraged to apply these skills to a series of increasingly stressful situations as therapy progresses.

Question 111

Sundowning

Answer 111

a condition commonly found with alzheimer's clients neurological deficit characterized by nocturnal episodes of confusion and disorientation in the evening that is known to reverse the sleep schedule (awake at night and sleep during the day). Behaviors associated with sundowning are delirium like behavior changes consisting of agitation, wandering, illusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking and speech.

Question 112

Thyrotoxicosis

Answer 112

an endocrine disease caused by excessive thyroid activity significant enough to cause a toxic metabolic state.

Question 113

Tolerance

Answer 113

the need to consume increasing amounts of a substance to achieve intoxication or to control a condition such as the use of narcotics to control pain.

Question 114

Transsexualism

Answer 114

the desire to live permanently in the social role of the opposite gender via a sex reassignment.

Question 115

Transvestite Fetishism

Answer 115

involves cross-dressing and usually, while masturbating, imagines he to be both the male and female in the sexual fantasy. This disorder is typically reserved for males who cross-dress in clothing worn by women.

Question 116

12-Step Programs

Answer 116

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) was founded in 1935 and has historically been the most successful program to initiate and maintain abstinence for those who have a primary diagnosis of alcohol dependency. AA's success is based on its 12-Step program, spiritual emphasis, group support, frequency and predictability of meetings, and the presence of individual sponsors. Cocaine Anonymous (CA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA), Overeaters Anonymous (OA), Co-Dependents Anonymous, and Debtors Anonymous are examples of other 12-Step Programs which have developed after AA's original program. The basic principles of 12 step programs include the following: admitting that one cannot control one's addiction or compulsion; recognizing a greater power that can give strength; examining past errors with the help of a sponsor (experienced member); making amends for these errors; learning to live a new life with a new code of behavior; helping others that suffer from the same addictions or compulsions. Alcoholics Anonymous 12 steps are the following: 1. We admitted we were powerless over alcohol - that our lives had become unmanageable. 2. Came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity. 3. Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood Him. 4. Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves. 5. Admitted to God, to ourselves, and to another human being the exact nature of our wrongs. 6. Were entirely ready to have God remove all these defects of character. 7. Humbly asked Him to remove our shortcomings. 8. Made a list of all persons we had harmed and became willing to make amends to them all. 9. Made direct amends to such people wherever possible, except when to do so would injure them or others. 10. Continued to take personal inventory and when we were wrong promptly admitted it. 11. Sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God, as we understood Him, praying only for knowledge of His will for us and the power to carry that out. 12. Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this message to alcoholics, and to practice these principles in all our affairs.

Question 117

Vaginismus

Answer 117

the spasmodic contractions of the outer third of the vagina, which render intercourse either impossible or very painful.

Question 118

Voyeurism

Answer 118

involves the act of observing unsuspecting individuals, usually strangers, who are naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity. Onset of voyeurism is typically before the age of 15.

Question 119

Withdrawal

Answer 119

temporary psychological and physiological disturbances resulting from the body's attempt to readjust to the absence of a drug.