Vocab Terms Flashcards
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Pure Substance
A single chemical, one kind of matter. Has a unique set of physical and chemical properties. Can not be separated by a physical change.
Mixture
A sample of matter which contains 2 or more chemicals. Can be separated into parts by physical changes.
Solution
A homogeneous mixture
Homogeneous
A sample which has a uniform appearance and composition throughout
Heterogeneous
Different phases, usually visable
Element
A pure substance which cannot be separated into other stable pure substances
Compound
A pure substance which can be decomposed by a chemical change into 2 or more other pure substances.
Atom
The smallest unit particle of an element
Physical Property
A measurable property that can be described by the senses
Chemical Property
Properties defined by the types of chemical changes possible
Physical Change
New form of old substance, no new substances formed
Chemical Change
Old substance destroyed, new substance formed
Law of Multiple Proportions
When 2 elements combine, it is always in a simple ratio of whole numbers
Law of Conservation of Mass
In a chemical change, mass is conserved. It is neither created or destroyed.
Law of Conservation of Energy
In a chemical change, energy is conserved. It is neither created or destroyed. Energy lost in one form is always gained in another form.
Solid
Particle movement vibrates in fixed position. Shape is constant.
Liquid
Particle movement is independent beneath the surface. Movement limited to the volume of liquid and shape of container.
Gas
Particle movement is completely independent and random. Can go anywhere in a closed container.
Exothermic
Energy is a product and is being released
Endothermic
Energy is a reactant and is being absorbed
Calorimetry
The measurement of heat transfer from one body to another
Periodicity
Similar reactivity between elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table
Ion
An atom which has lost or gained electrons and has become charged
Binary Compound
A compound that is made up of one type of cation and one type of anion
Volatility
The relative rate at which a liquid evaporates.
Vapor Pressure
The pressure exerted by the molecules of a given vapor
(closed system).
Boiling Point
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor
pressure is the same as atmospheric pressure.
Acid
A molecule which donates a hydrogen ion to another molecule (the base) in a pair
Base
A molecule which accepts a hydrogen ion from an acid by way of a lone electron pair
Strong Acid (identifier)
starts with H, exception: HF
Weak Acid (identifier)
includes COOH
Strong Base (identifier)
hydroxide salts (OH)
Weak Base (identifier)
amines (includes N)
