Vocab Terms

Question 1

Mythocentriscm

Answer 1

The Mythocentric age is when theres a close relationship between the human and supernatural worlds. in this art we seee super natural scenes such as heaven or the underworld.
Bi - is the symbol for heaven

Question 2

Toaism/Daoism

Answer 2

Dao - the way or path where one must recover or unlearn what has been learned to practice “wu wei” or non-doing. Striving for non-striving. Meanign we should go with the flow.

Question 3

Confucianism

Answer 3

Centered in the human world and is based on a. rational political philosophy. It emphasizes propriety, deference, duty, and self-discipline. Adopted by Chinese emperors as it instills in subjects a desire to be deferential to an emperor.

Question 4

Neo-Confucianism

Answer 4

Bring together ideas together from confusion, doaist, and buddist ideas to create a new metaphsycial system that helps explain the universe. As it explains, the universe consists of two forces:
Li - princlple or idea
Qi - of chi - matter - material they are made of.

Question 5

Great ultimate (taiji)

Answer 5

Eternal first principal whereby we are to strive to reach this great ultimate where Li of the universe is going to be rid of Qi or impurities. We do this through education and self cultivation, so our li can realize oneness with the great ultimate.

Question 6

Anitabha Buddha

Answer 6

popular sect in Japan and China. Paradise is promised to followers with rebirth. Just need to chant to Buddha and will have message of salvation guaranteed and access to heaven and paradise.

Question 7

zen buddhism

Answer 7

Practiced by the Samari and the ruling class in Japan. And rejects formal paths to enlightenment and instead uses meditation to short circuit the rational mind to have an intuitive leap to enlightenment.

Question 8

Esoteric or tantric Buddism

Answer 8

Absorbes the polythestic trends of hinduism. Is popular in Japan, for instance they would use the mandala as a way to understand the various deities that would reflect the ruling court.

Question 9

Shinto

Answer 9

A religion practiced in Japan that is ancestor worship. They believe that Kami are ancestral spirits descended from the mountains or beautiful places like waterfalls. Hence they are where the Japanese come from.

Question 10

Literati (Wen wren)

Answer 10

Are the scholar class in China who are identified through an examination system that is set up to recruit government officials. Literati painting is a mature approach - not meant for a professional artist to practice. And is part of a trifecta as scholars retreat from official life. They are to go and write poetry and paint, considering and contemplating nature.

Question 11

different belifs in literati painting

Answer 11

Confucionism - fulfill obligations to the world
Doaism - Retreat from society into nature. ANd asks that we understand the universe through three modes of poetry, painting and gardening.

Question 12

Scholarly trio

Answer 12

Calligraphy, poetry and painting.

Question 13

silhak

Answer 13

Korean for practical learning. Emphasizes the study of Korean aspects of life and culture and combines that with Chinese classics to produce a new Korean style.

Question 14

Shogun

Answer 14

In Japan is the general in chief and the commander of the armies.

Question 15

Samari

Answer 15

Fall unde th Shoguns control are warriors inforce his rule. THey use a Katana or specialized steel blade. And wear yoroi or armor espcially for calvarymen.

Question 16

Guang

Answer 16

Ritual pouring vessel. Holds ritualistic libations.

Question 17

Haniwa

Answer 17

Terra Cotta figures that are created for ritual use early in Japans history and often are burried with the dead. The figures emphasize asymmetry and rustic unfinsihed effects.

Question 18

Reliquary

Answer 18

Holds a religious object associated with a religous person, most often times a buddha in these temples.

Question 19

Joined block Construction

Answer 19

Mastered by the Chinese, There are pieces that are carved separately and then assembled. The whole thing is hollowed out and joined together with dowel rods and pins. When they dry they wont crack because theres s slower drying time for the interior of the wood.

Question 20

Royal Ease Pose

Answer 20

One that we find of followers of buddha. Where the right leg adn arm are lifted and resting. THe left leg is tucked under with the left arms resting on it.

Question 21

Piece Mold Casting

Answer 21

The mold, after being created is cut into pieces. The model is going to dry cuting away various sections that is going to leave the original model that serves as the core for casting. And final the pieces are reassembled around the core.

Question 22

Slip casting

Answer 22

A modern take on the peice mold casting process, whereby we have a mold where we are injecting liquid clay into it and with a high pressure compressor forming a strong crystalline structure.

Question 23

Buncheong Wares

Answer 23

Come from Korea. they are stonewares with white slip that resemble expensive Chinese porcelain. However they are often painted with a red rusty color ink which is distrinctly Koreaan.

Question 24

Chanoyu

Answer 24

Also known as “Tea Ceremony.” and is developed for buddists and spreads to common practice among many people in Japan. orginally buddists would use the tea to help and aid them in mediation. teh ceremony expands and uses Rakuware.

Question 25

Rakuware.

Answer 25

Hand built with no wheel. Asymmetrical appreciation and rustic look and used to discuss as a focal point during tea ceremony gatherings. it is hand built and low fired. the bowl shape is taken from a rice bowl shape from Korean rice bowls for peasants.

Question 26

Bracketing System

Answer 26

Supported projections from the wall that produce broad evees and tiled roofs. They become the most dominant and easily recognizable motif in asain architecture.

Question 27

Bay system

Answer 27

Used early on in Buddist temples by way of a module - a cubic unit of space or bay will form will form these 4 posts and theri lentles and then we can extend tht out and up if we need a larger space.

Question 28

Pagoda

Answer 28

In China is a combination of Han watch towers and a buddist stuppa. They are dedicated to buddha and buddists. It is the paired down and simplistic Chinese adaptation of Buddist temples.

Question 29

Kondo

Answer 29

Is more popular in Japan where we have large buddhist monestraires where we would have many buddist iamges within including reliquaries.

Question 30

Karesansui

Answer 30

“Dried up mountains and water.” Dry landscape garden. Associated with buddhist monasteries. Used for meditative purposes, where the act of manual labor literally ground the mind for meditation and allows one to focus ont he here and now.

Question 31

Hanging Scrolls and Hand Scrolls

Answer 31

Common in China and Japan. A hanging scroll is designed to hang on a wall for a short period of time with a vertically oriented painting or landscape. Hand scrolls has imagery or poetry and calligraphy. You would unfurril it or unroll it right to left reading it as such adn only opening it in a certian section at a time.

Question 32

Fusuma

Answer 32

Paper covered sliding doors which often have landscapes on them.

Question 33

Byobu

Answer 33

Freestanding folding screens. used to divide up interior spaces.

Question 34

Waka

Answer 34

Native Japanese poetry with 31 syllabels associated with it.

Question 35

Kana

Answer 35

Japanese script that is devised by way of pairing down or simplifying the more complex Chinese alphabet.

Question 36

Dry Brush Technique

Answer 36

For the Japanese is where one would not dip the brush fully in ink but would allow the paper to breathe or see through. There is no solid black areas. The ink is lightly brushed on the surface.

Question 37

Shifting perspective

Answer 37

Common in Asian art, especially beginning in China where there is no unified viewing position. in Chinese landscapes we will move through it progressively like how we would move through a symphony or the act of a play.

Question 38

Individual painting

Answer 38

espcially practiced by scholars of Lierati - Focus on the expression of personal feelings and showcasing ones expression of ones personal feelings and trying to showcase one’s expressionistic view as apposed to an objective and topographical approach to art.

Question 39

Birds and flowers genre

Answer 39

Is the opposite of literati and is going to be prefered by the court. Espcailly in chian it will continue all the way through to the modern era. The style may change but the subjects, flowers and birds are still going to be seen as associated with royalty.

Question 40

The birds eye view perspective

Answer 40

Or ‘Blown away roof perspective.” is common in Asian art. seen first in Chinese art and illustration where we are looking down on a series of figures. Adopted in asymometric projection as well for the Japanese.

Question 41

Yamoato-e

Answer 41

A new native style of art in Japan. Yamato is the word for Japan. Style is specifically Japanese.

Question 42

Raigo

Answer 42

“Welcoming appaoch. A type of painting that is appreciated in Japan, where we find the buddha with badisatvahs are shown coming down out of mountains and welcoming someone who is dying. praying to them.

Question 43

Kirkane

Answer 43

A cut gold leaf technique whereby gold paint and thin silivers of gold leaf are cut into elaborate patterns that shimmer in candlelight.

Question 44

Uikyo

Answer 44

“Floating world” - Popular subject in 18th and 19th centurys and spreads to Europe by way of Japanese woodblock prints. these are the pleasure quarters or districts much like the red light district in the west. Where there are restraunts, theatures, bathhouses and brothels

Question 45

Uikyo-e

Answer 45

Pictures of the floating world, they are inexpensive prints tht are very infleuencial especially in Europe, spanning a new craze for Japanese inspired art.

Question 46

Nishiki- e

Answer 46

“brokade pictures” created using multiple colored blocks for printing. Originally these woodblock prints are hand-colored. Having multiple blocks for the various colors.

Question 47

Answer 47

Korean Buncheon wares - resemebles a white porcealin slip of the Chinese. New approach which favors asymmetry. and rustic red decoration and painting.

Question 48

What culture created this and why?

Answer 48

It looks like the standard Chinese landscape moving from forground to midground and background begining with the human figures adn small structures then leading up to negative space and a mountian rising in the background. Painted int the Chinese Zhe style where there are angular strokes used to reflect what they are defining, like bark or rocks.

Question 49

What is this works significance?

Answer 49

Depicts Geisha or intertainers here that are looking out with a telescope, a new western modern technology onto a harbor that is bringing in opening of the harbors to westerners. Bringing in new goods and ideas to where people begin adopting western customs to showcase their elevated postion in society. And even how we are viewing this is more western with a unified fixed viewing angle and with influences outside of Japan.