Vocab Termanology Flashcards
Adhes
Adip
Stuck too
Fat
Ab - Ad and Epi meaning?
Ab- from, off, away
Ad- increase
Epi- above, below
Infra - Surpa - Inter
Infra- Caudal (Near) the relative position
Surpa- Cranial/Above the relative position
Inter- in-between
Para
Peri
Sub
Para- Besides
Peri- Around
Sub- below, underneath
Muscle: Agonist
A prime mover muscle
Trans
Ambi
A- An-
Trans- Across, Over, through
Ambi- Around, both
A- AN- without, none, lack of
Uni- Mon-
Bi-
Tri-
Quad-
one
two
three
four
Multi-
Poly-
Auto-
CO, con -
Multi- much, many
Poly- Excessive
Auto- Self
Co, con- together, with
Contra-
Hydro-
Dys-
Sym/Syn-
Contra- Against
Hydro- Water
Dys- Bad, Difficult
Sym/Syn- Together
al- ac- ic- tic- y - ceps - ache- ent, ist, or- form, oid -
al- ac- ic- tic- y - pertaining to, process, condition ceps - heads of muscles ache- pain ent, ist, or- specialist form, oid - shape of
ia- iasis : logy: ive : Physis: Trophy:
ia- iasis : a state, a condition logy: study of ive : quality of, nature of Physis: growth Trophy: Development
algia: Cele: emia: itis- : lysis:
algia: pain Cele: tumor, swelling, hernia emia: blood conditions itis- :inflammation lysis: destruction, separation
oma:
osis:
Pathy:
Penia:
Plegia:
oma: tumor
osis: condition of
Pathy: disease
Penia: deficiency
Plegia: Paralysis or stroke
Flexion
Flexion is between two joints, not the limb. When the angle between them gets smaller. Like when your fingers curl up.
Extension
Extension is when the extend the space between two joints (a straight leg). More about two joints, not the whole limb.
Hyper-extension
Hyper extension is when the joint goes beyond its normal range of movement . It is not used to describe normal function.
Over -extension and Dorsiflexion
Joints that are arranged to move in both planes like the fetlock.
Protraction
Protraction is the forward movement of the entire limb. It is seen during the swing phase (legs up and moving). In protraction the limb only bears weight when going backwards.
What causes protraction in the muscles?
Caused by muscle contraction and the release of energy stored in elastic tissue.
Forelimb protraction muscles
Brachiocephalicus omotransversarius extensor carpi radialis extensor digitorum communis Biceps brachii rhomboideus thoracis Serratus ventralis thoracis
why is Hindlimb protraction easier than forelimb protraction?
Hinlimb protraction is easier because of the bone connection be-tween scacroiliac joint and the vertebral colum.
Hindlimb protraction muscles
Gluteus Superficials tensor fasciae latae psoas major iliacus muscle rectus femoris flexors of the hock extensor of the digit
What tendons make sure the hock flexis so that the hoof clears the ground and that the stride is the required length?
Tendon bands the constitute the Reciprocl apparatus.
Retraction
Is the backward movement of the limb. The hoof is normally on the ground.
what muscles are used for Retraction of the forelimb?
Latissium dorsi asscending part of the pectoral muscle thoracicportions of the trapeziuz serratus ventralis rhombideus muscles
Retraction of the forelimb in stance
retraction of the forelimb in the stance phase requires the elbow remain extended.
Retraction of the hindlimb muscles
Middle gluteal muscle hamstring muscles biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus
Abduction
Abduction is when the limb moves away from the median line of the body
Adduction
Is when the limb moves towards the body median.
Where are the abductor muscles found
The muscles are found on the lateral side of the limb
Where are the adduction muscles found?
The muscles are found on medial (inside) of the limb
Circumduction
Circumduction is when the leg swings laterally to the body. The limb will swing out instead of walking straight.
The faster the pace the more circumduction occur. But circumduction can be an issue.
What else should you consider when circumduction is in the forelimb?
You can consider the possibility of the entire forelimb being rotated inwards (pronation). This can cause flexion of the carpus which throws the entire hoof outward.
Bio
Brachi
Bucc
Bio : Life
Brachi; Arm
Bucc: Cheek
Cardio, Cardi : Heart
Cal, calcane: Heel
Cap: Resembling a cap or corer
Caud : Tail
Cardio, Cardi :
Cal, calcane:
Cap:
Caud :
cleido:
COst, costa:
Cox, Coxa:
Cronio, Cran:
cleido: Clavicle
COst, costa: Rib
Cox, Coxa: Hip
Cronio, Cran: Skull
Duckt:
Fasscia, fasci:
Hemato:
Immuno:
Duckt: to lead
Fasscia, fasci: a band
Hemato: blood
Immuno: safe
Muscle: Antagonist
A muscle counteracting the action of another muscle.
Muscle: Atrophy
A wasting away of a body part or tissue or a decrease in size
Muscle: Hypertrophy
increase in muscle size/growth
Hypotonicity
unusual decrease in resting muscle tone.
Can indicate a long term problem.
Muscle will feel soft and squishy
Hypertonicity
Abnormal increase in resting muscle tone.
Usually an issue causing inflammation/irritation to a peripheral nerve (spinal joint disfunction)
Muscle is tight and may spasm
Muscle: Insertion
The distal end (far away from the center or axial skeleton or from point of attachment), which has crossed at least one joint.
Attached to a moveable part
when the muscles shorten/contract movement will occur
Muscle: Origin
Proximal end (closer to the axial of the skeleton/close to point of attachment). It is an anchor for movement during contraction
Muscle: Extrinsic
Muscle who’s origin starts in one system then the insertion crosses into another system.
(the axial skeletal system to the appendicular system)
Muscle: Intrinsic
Muscle that’s origin and insertion are in the same system.
Muscle: Major
Large size/function
Muscle: Minor
Smaller in size/function
Muscle: Ascendens
Lying in an uphill/upward position. Ascending!
Muscle: Cephalicus
Muscles near or at the head
Muscle: Collagen
fibrous insoluble protein in the connective tissue, skin, ligaments and cartilage
Muscle: Complexus
Embrace, encircle
Muscle: Descendens
lying in downward/down hill direction
Muscle: Digitorum
Digit.
Muscle going to the digit
Muscle; Levator
raises or elevates the body
Muscle: Olibquus
slanting (oblique)
Muscle: Pennaform
feather-formed
Muscle: Profundus
Deep muscle
Muscle: rector/rectus
Straight. erector a muscle that is straight or does straighten
Muscle: Serratus
Serrated/ jagged/ notched muscle
Muscle: Teres
Round muscles
Muscle: Vast
Huge, great
Directional terms: Lateral
Away from the midline of the body. Towards the external surface
Directional terms: Medial
towards/facing the midline of the body.
Directional terms: Bilateral
affecting/evident to both sides of the body
Directional terms: Unilateral
affecting one side of the body
Directional terms: Ipsilateral
affecting/occurring on the same side of the body
Directional Terms: Contralateral
Effecting/occurring on the opposite side of the body
Directional Terms: Dorsal
Towards the topline/back of the horse.
Carpal and tarsal joints downwards are labeled dorsal
Directional Terms: Ventral
Underside/belly or structure
Directional Terms: Palmer
Sole of the hoof to the back of the carpus (wrist) in forelimb
Directional Terms: Plantar
The sole of the hoof to the back of the tarsus (hock) in the hindlimb
Directional Terms: Cranial
Area or structure towards the head. front of structure
Caudal
Area facing the table. The rear end
Directional Terms: Rostral
Facing towards the nose/front of mouth
Directional Terms: Proximal
Closer to center or axial skeleton
closer to the point of attachment
Directional Terms: Distal
Further away from the center or axial skeleton
Further from the point of attachment
Directional Terms: deep
closer to the center. internal center
Directional Terms: Superficial
Surface of the body, more external
Directional Terms: Adaxial
closer to the longitudinal central axis of the limb
Directional Terms: Abaxial
Further away from the longitudinal central axis of the limb
Directional Terms Planes: Dorsal Plane
Parallel to the back/topline
Directional Terms Planes: Transverse Plane
The cross section of a structure at a right angle to axis
Like a cross roads
Directional Terms Planes: Median Plane
The sagittal Plane that divides the body down its middle into equal left/right halves
