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Science Period 1 > Vocab Science Pages 1-119. > Flashcards

Vocab Science Pages 1-119. Flashcards

A unit quiz with vocabulary words, please study below to get a better understanding of the words.

1
Q

What is Pangaea?

A

The name is given to a super continent that began to break apart approximately 200 million years ago.

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2
Q

What is Continental Drift?

A

Alfred Wegener’s hypothesis that all continents were once connected into a super continent (Pangaea) that broke apart 200 million years ago and drifted slowly away to their modern positions.

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3
Q

What are Mid-Ocean Ridges?

A

Long, narrow mountain range(s) on the ocean floor, that are formed by magma at divergent plate boundaries.

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4
Q

What are Ocean Trenches?

A

A deep, underwater channel (trough) created by one plate sub-ducting under another plate at a convergent boundary.

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5
Q

What is Seafloor Spreading?

A

The process by which new oceanic crust forms along a mid-ocean ridge and older oceanic crust is pushed away from the ridge where new crust is coming out.

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6
Q

What is Magma?

A

Molten rock that is stored below Earth’s surface. (In the mantle).

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7
Q

What is Lava?

A

Magma (from the mantle) that erupts (most of the time from volcanoes) onto Earth’s surface.

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8
Q

What are Plate Tectonics?

A

The theory that Earth’s surface is broken into large, rigid pieces that move with respect to each other. They move toward each other.

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9
Q

What are Convergent Boundaries?

A

The boundary between two plates that move toward each other.

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10
Q

What are Divergent Boundaries?

A

The boundary between two plates that move away from each other.

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11
Q

What are Transform Boundaries?

A

The boundary between two plates that slide past each other.

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12
Q

What is Subduction?

A

The process that occurs when one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate.

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13
Q

What is a Volcanic Arc?

A

A curved line of volcanoes that forms parallel to a plate boundary.

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14
Q

What is a Volcano?

A

A vent in Earth’s crust through which molten rock flows.

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15
Q

What is a Fault?

A

A crack or a fracture in Earth’s lithosphere along which movement occurs, like an earthquake.

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16
Q

What is a Fault Zone?

A

An area of many fractured pieces of crust along a large fault. A collection of faults.

17
Q

What is a Earthquake?

A

Vibrations caused by the rupture and sudden movement of rocks along a break or crack in Earth’s crust.

18
Q

What is a Tsunami?

A

A wave that forms when an ocean disturbance suddenly moves a large volume or wave of water.

19
Q

What is a Landslide?

A

Rapid, downhill movement of soil, that releases or loses rocks and boulders.

20
Q

What are Impact Craters?

A

A round depression formed on the surface of a planet, moon, or other space objects by the impact of a meteorite.

21
Q

What is Weathering?

A

The mechanical and chemical processes that change Earth’s surface over time. (Also can change and affect the rock cycle).

22
Q

What is Erosion?

A

The moving of weathered material, or sediment, from one location to another.

23
Q

What is Deposition?

A

The laying down or settling of eroded material. It decays.

24
Q

What is a Glacier?

A

A large mass of ice, formed by snow accumulation on land, and cold temperatures, that slowly moves across Earth’s surface in water or on land.

25
Q

What is a Rock?

A

A naturally occurring solid composed of minerals, rock fragments, and sometimes other minerals such as organic matter.

26
Q

What is a mineral?

A

A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.

27
Q

What is Crystallization?

A

The process by which atoms form a solid with an orderly, repeating pattern.

28
Q

What are Extrusive Rocks?

A

Igneous rock(s) that form when volcanic material erupts, cools, and crystallizes on top of the Earth’s surface.

29
Q

What are Intrusive Rocks?

A

Igneous rock(s) that form as a magma cools underground.

30
Q

What is Lithification?

A

The process in which sediment(s) turn into rock.

31
Q

What is Compaction?

A

A process in which the weight from the layers of sediment(s) force(s) out fluids and decreases the space between sediment grains.

32
Q

What is Cementation?

A

A process in which minerals dissolved in water and crystallize between sediment grains.

33
Q

What is the Rock Cycle?

A

The series of processes that change or make one type of rock into another type of rock.

Science Period 1 (1 decks)

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