vocab quiz Flashcards
culture
shared way of thinking and behaving in a specific group of people
society
diverse groups with multiple cultures
cultural relativism
all cultural practices have an equal amount of intrinsic value. Human life must always be studied in its own sociocultural context.
ethnocentrism
the belief that ones own cultural practices are the only proper or valid ones
social status
rank that an individual holds, with attendant rights, duties, and lifestyle, in a social hierarchy based upon honour or prestige
witchcraft
a belief in the perpetration of harm (by people) through mystical means
identity
our sense of who we are as individuals and as members of social groups
embodiment
acquisition of specific techniques or (often physical) abilities through habitual practice
anthropology
study of human ways of life alongside the people being studied, depending critically on observation, conversation, and living alongside others
animism
belief in innumerable spiritual beings concerned with human affairs and capable of helping or harming human interests
anthropos
greek word for human and origin of the disciplines name
Anthropocene
era since human activity has been the dominant influence on earth climate and environment
Indigenous people
earliest known inhabitants of an area, especcial one that was colonized by a diff, now-dominant group
(original inhabitants)
selves
the self in anthropology is an individual humans own, dynamic person. Develops through interactions with other humans
bodies
the field on which social structure is projected, where the body itself is its image
sociocultural anthropology
studies the diversity of human societies in time and space, while looking for commonalities across them
Linguistic anthropology
studies the nature of human languages in the context of those cultures that developed them
biological anthropology
deals with the evolution of humans, their variability, and adaptations to environmental stresses
Anthropological archaeology
study of ancient human societies and cultures, particularly focusing on Indigenous peoples and civilizations, their traditions, adaptations, and cultural landscapes
ontogenesis
development of specific human proclivities, abilities, or characteristics in the course of growth in a specific cultural/social/ecological environment
epistemology
study of knowledge acquisition
ontology
moment-to-moment creation and perception of existence
“history”
the constantly changing “being and becoming” of humans
ethnography
a detailed description or interpretation of a social group, usually based on a fieldwork
fieldwork
on-location research
participant observation
intensive involvement with people in their cultural environment in order to gain an intimate familiraity with a group and their practices.
consultant
person who provides expert advice professionally
consanguinity
share an ancestor
affinity
a liking or sympathy for someone or something, especially because of shared characteristics
consanguine
fancy way to say related
affine
relative by marriage
age group
any collection of people formally or informally based on age. in numerous societies, transition or initiation between age groups is one by which social status is marked.
power
ability to influence the decision making (or action) of the other
authority
claiming and exercising power as justified by law, custom, or tradition
sovereighty
claim to authority grounded in violence; ability to kill, punish, and discipline without impunity
politics
diverse range of social practices through which people negotiate power relations, involving both the production and exercise of social relationshis and the cultural construction of social meanings that support or undermine those relationships
hegemony/hegemonic
- cultural, moral, and ideological leadership of a group oer allied and subaltern groups
- dominating through the cultural, moral, and ideaological authority of a leading group
political subjects
aristotelian notion of the opposition between the political unit and its political subject
political subjectivity
the deeply embedded nature of subjectivity and subjective experience in a socially constructed
political association
an agreement between political subjects as to who will wield authority, how, and in what contexts
polity
system of governane pertaining to a specific group of people who have entered into political association
the state
government that has a monopoly over legitimate uses of physical force, a sizeable bureaucracy, a system of formal laws, a standing military force…
structural violence
