Vocab Quiz 1

Question 0

Coriolis effect

Answer 0

The deflation of air or water bodies, relative to the solid earth beneath, as a result of the earth’s eastward rotation

Question 1

Boundary Layer

Answer 1

A layer of fluid near a surface, where flow is affected by viscous properties of the fluid. At the surface, fluid velocity must be zero, and the boundary layer is a thin film that depends on surface texture, fluid velocity in the “mainstream of flow”, and fluid mass properties such as salinity

Question 2

Correlation

Answer 2

A quantitative relationship between two or more variables collected at a series of locations or from a series of individuals

Question 3

Dynamic Viscosity

Answer 3

A measure of molecular stickiness of a fluid, or a measure of resistance of a fluid to deform when a force is applied

Question 4

Functional Biology

Answer 4

The study of how an organism carries out the basic functions such as reproduction, locomotion, feeding, and the cellular and biochemical processes relating to digestion, respiration, and other aspects of metabolism.

Question 5

Greenhouse Effect

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide traps solar derived heat in the atmosphere near the earth

Question 6

Gyres

Answer 6

Major cyclonic surface current systems in the ocean

Question 7

Hypothesis

Answer 7

A refutable statement about one or a series of phenomena

Question 8

Inertial Forces

Answer 8

Forces where an object tends to keep moving after ceasing to apply a force to that object.

Question 9

Kinematic Viscosity

Answer 9

The dynamic viscosity divided by water density.

Question 10

Laminar Flow

Answer 10

The movement of a fluid where movement of the entire fluid is regular and with parallel streamlines.

Question 12

Ocean acidification

Answer 12

The decline of pH in the ocean, owing to additions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and subsequent dissolution in seawater.

Question 13

Oxygen Minimum Layer

Answer 13

A depth zone, usually below the thermocline, in which dissolved oxygen is minimal.

Question 14

Practical Salinity Units

Answer 14

(psu) a measure of the salt content of seawater, based upon electrical conductivity of a sample relative to a reference standard of seawater at one atmosphere pressure at 15C temperature. The reference is a set of diluted seawater samples from the North Atlantic of known salt content.

Question 15

Pressure Drag

Answer 15

A difference in pressure upstream and downstream of an object in a flow.

Question 16

Pycnocline

Answer 16

Depth zone within which seawater density changes

Question 17

Remote Sensing

Answer 17

Acquisition of environmental data with an instrument that is not in contact with the medium to be sampled, often at great distances, as in satellites sensing the earth’s surface

Question 18

Residence Time

Answer 18

The time a unit of a substance spends in a specified location in the environment.

Question 19

Salinity

Answer 19

Number of kilograms of dissolved salts in 1 kg of seawater, measured in parts per thousand.

Question 20

Scientific Method

Answer 20

Organized means of learning about the natural world, using observation, forming of hypotheses, and hypothesis testing

Question 21

Thermocline

Answer 21

Depth zone within which temperature changes maximally

Question 22

Thermoclines

Answer 22

g

Question 23

Turbulent Flow

Answer 23

Movement of water that can be characterized by streamlines moving in a very irregular fashion.

Question 24

Upwelling

Answer 24

The movement of nutrient-rich water from a specified depth to the surface, usually driven by surface winds.

Question 25

Viscous forces

Answer 25

Forces in a fluid that are explained by viscosity

Question 26

Westerlies

Answer 26

Persistent eastward-equatorward winds in midlatitudes in both the northern and southern hemisphere.