Vocab Period 2

Question 1

corporate colonies

Answer 1

operated by joint-stock companies during early colony years; ex) Jamestown

Question 2

royal colonies

Answer 2

under the direct authority and rule of the king’s government; ex) Virginia after 1624

Question 3

proprietary colonies

Answer 3

under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king; ex) Maryland & Pennsylvania

Question 4

Jamestown, 1607

Answer 4

a settlement in larger colony of Virginia; King James I chartered Virginia Company, a joint-stock company -> $$$ colony’s purpose; Captain John Smith - strengthened military, forced farming & hunting, saved starving time; John Rolfe & Pocahontas developed tobacco -> Jamestown was still near collapse & Virginia Company was almost bankrupt -> King revoked charter and took direct control -> royal colony

Question 5

Captain John Smith

Answer 5

instilled greater discipline among the settlers, enforcing the rule “He who will not work shall not eat.” he forced farming & hunting

Question 6

headright system

Answer 6

a grant of land, usually 50 acres, given to White settlers who paid for passage for settlers to Jamestown

Question 7

Plymouth Colony/Separatists (Pilgrims)

Answer 7

radical dissenters who wanted to organize a completely separate church that was independent of royal control. first, they went to Holland, but differences with the Dutch led them seek another haven for their religion, and they chose Plymouth

Question 8

Massachusetts Bay Colony/Puritans

Answer 8

moderate dissenters who believed the Church of England could be reformed/purified; seeking religious freedom from persecution, a group of Puritans gained a royal charter for the Massachusetts Bay Company (1629)

Question 9

John Winthrop

Answer 9

an English Puritan lawyer who led thousands of Puritans for Massachusetts and founded Boston

Question 10

Great Migration

Answer 10

a movement caused by religious and political conflict in England in the 1630s that drove some 15,000 settlers to the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Question 11

Cecil Calvert (Lord Baltimore)

Answer 11

he took over Maryland after George Calvert died and he became the second Lord Baltimore of the first proprietary colony

Question 12

Maryland Act of Toleration

Answer 12

the first colonial statute granting religious freedom to all Christians

Question 13

New England (region)

Answer 13

since Puritan leaders showed intolerance of anyone who questioned their religious teachings, often banishing dissidents from the Bay colony, these dissidents formed settlements that became Rhode Island and Connecticut in this region

Question 14

Roger Williams

Answer 14

a well-respected Puritan minister who moved from England to Boston

Question 15

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 15

a dissident who questioned the doctrines of the Puritan authorities; believed in antinomianism-the idea that since individuals receive salvation through their faith alone, they were not required to follow traditional moral laws

Question 16

halfway covenant

Answer 16

offered by some clergy so that people could become partial members even if they had not felt a conversion to be a Puritan

Question 17

William Penn

Answer 17

founder of Pennsylvania; holy experiment: wanted his colony to generate wealth, provide a safe place for Quakers, and enable him to try new, liberal ideas in government; published notices all over Europe promising a safe haven for anybody who was being persecuted to attract settlers to his colony

Question 18

Quakers

Answer 18

radical, believed that religious authority was found within each person and not in the Bible nor in any outside source

Question 19

James Oglethorpe/Georgia

Answer 19

leader of a group of philanthropists given a royal charter for a proprietary colony and founder of Georgia’s first settlement, Savannah; strict regulations: bans on drinking rum and slavery

Question 20

Virginia House of Burgesses

Answer 20

first representative assembly in America organized by Virginia colonists, dominated by elite planters

Question 21

Mayflower Compact

Answer 21

an early form of self-government and a basic written constitution