Vocab List

Question 1

Agonist

Answer 1

a muscle that causes specific movement or possible several movements to occur through the process of its own contraction; they are also referred to as the prime movers because they are primarily responsible for generating a specific movement

Question 2

Antagonist

Answer 2

a muscle that acts in opposition to the specific movement generated by the agonist and it’s responsible for returning a limb to it’s initial position

Question 3

Synergist

Answer 3

a kind of muscle that performs, or helps perform, the same set of joint motion as the agonists; they act on moveable joints

Question 4

Concentric

Answer 4

an overall shortening of the muscle occurs as it generates tension and contracts against resistance

Question 5

Eccentric

Answer 5

overall lengthening of the muscle occurs as it develops tension and contracts to control motion against the resistance of an outside force; negative work is done

Question 6

Energy Transfer Systems

Answer 6

metabolic systems involving a series of chemical reactions resulting in the formation of waste products and the manufacture of ATP. The systems include the ATP-PC system, anaerobic glycolytic system, and the aerobic system.

Question 7

ATP-PC

Answer 7

an anaerobic energy system in which ATP is manufactured when phosphocreatine (PC) is broken down

Question 8

Lactic Acid system

Answer 8

intermediate power; moderate intensity and short duration

Question 9

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 9

low power and endurance

Question 10

Aerobic

Answer 10

submaximal, rhythmic, repetitive exercise of large muscle groups, during which the needed energy is supplied by inspired oxygen; aerobic energy system is which ATP is manufactured when for is broken down

Question 11

Anaerobic

Answer 11

exercise that occurs without the presence of inspired oxygen

Question 12

Active Resisted

Answer 12

patient resists movement

Question 13

Passive Resisted

Answer 13

doctor resists movement

Question 14

Isometric

Answer 14

a form of exercise in which tension develops in the muscle but no mechanical work is performed; there is no appreciable joint movement, and the overall length of the muscle remains the same

Question 15

Isotonic

Answer 15

dynamic form of exercise/muscular contraction

Question 16

Isokinetic

Answer 16

a form of active-resistive exercise in which the speed of movement of the limb is controlled by a preset rate-limiting device

Question 17

PNF

Answer 17

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

Question 18

CRAC

Answer 18

contract, relax, and antagonist contraction

Question 19

DOMS

Answer 19

delayed onset muscle soreness

Question 20

Ballistic

Answer 20

exercise in which the athlete lifts, accelerates, then drops the weight

Question 21

Plyometrics

Answer 21

high intensity, high velocity resistance exercise characterized by a resisted eccentric muscle contraction followed by a rapid concentric contraction and designed to increase muscular power and coordination; aka stretch shortening drills

Question 22

Endurance

Answer 22

the ability to resist fatigue; the ability of an individual to sustain low intensity exercises such as walking, jogging, or climbing, over an extended period of time; the ability of a muscle to perform repeated contractions over a prolonged period of time

Question 23

Glycogenesis

Answer 23

process of glycogen syntheses in which glucose molecule are added to chains of glycogen for storage

Question 24

Glycogenolysis

Answer 24

breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Question 25

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 25

metabolic pathway that results in the production of glucose

Question 26

Glycolysis

Answer 26

produces 2 ATP molecules, 2 reduced molecules of NAD (NADH), and 2 pyruvate molecules which move onto the next stage (krebs); takes place in the cytoplasm of normal body cells

Question 27

Krebs

Answer 27

a series of chemical rxns used by all aerobic organisms to produce energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbs, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide

Question 28

fitness

Answer 28

the ability to perform physical work

Question 29

VO2MAX

Answer 29

maximum oxygen uptake

Question 30

Endurance

Answer 30

the ability to exert oneself for a long period of time without fatigue

Question 31

Aerobic Exercise Training

Answer 31

prolonged exercise at moderate intensity

Question 32

Adaptation

Answer 32

increase efficiency; dependent on the ability to change

Question 33

MVO2

Answer 33

amount of O2 used by the myocardial muscle

Question 34

deconditioning

Answer 34

prolonged inactivity; decreased O2 consumption, cardiac output, muscle strength, and bone density

Question 35

Energy Expenditure

Answer 35

kcal’s burned during activity

Question 36

Efficiency

Answer 36

useful work output divided by the energy expenditure

Question 37

CV Response to Exercise

Answer 37

cardiac output in response to exercise

Question 38

Respiratory Response to exercise

Answer 38

factors that affect O2 consumption

Question 39

Factors that affect O2 consumption

Answer 39

respiratory response to exercise

Question 40

Stress Testing

Answer 40

used to determine the stability of a given system

Question 41

Exercise intensity

Answer 41

difficulty of an exercise

Question 42

Overload Principle

Answer 42

exercise load must be above the training threshold for adaptation to occur

Question 43

Specificity Principle

Answer 43

the body adapts to physical demands exposed to it

Question 44

Exercise Duration

Answer 44

length of time

Question 45

Exercise Frequency

Answer 45

how often

Question 46

SAID Principle

Answer 46

specific adaptation to imposed demands

Question 47

PRE

Answer 47

progressive resisted exercise

Question 48

DeLome

Answer 48

most commonly used method of training, uses 1 rep max (PRE)

Question 49

DAPRE

Answer 49

daily adjusted progressive resisted exercises (PRE)