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Geography Exam 1 > Vocab intro > Flashcards

Vocab intro Flashcards

1
Q

Population density

A

Population per unit area

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2
Q

Region

A

An area on the Earth’s surface marked by specific criteria (area, boundaries, location, homogeniety) -physical or cultural. (all have area, boundaries, & location)

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3
Q

Characteristics of a Region

A

Area

Boundaries

Location

Homogeniety

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4
Q

Formal Region

A

Marked by a certain degree of homogenity in 1+ phenomena (physical or internal) immobilistic

aka: uniform/homogeneous region

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5
Q

Functional Region

A

spatial system marked by dynamic internal structure (urban core/economic activity)

aka nodal region

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6
Q

two types of things that can mark a functional region

A

urban core

economic activity

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7
Q

Physical Geography

A

Wegner’s theory of Pangaea based on tectonic/lisopheric plates

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8
Q

Tectonic Plates

A

heavy rocks moving propelled by giant circulation cells in the red ot magma below & carry continents

Volcanoes & earthquakes result when they collide

aka lisopheric plates

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9
Q

Subduction

A

When oceanic plate converges head on with a plate carrying a continental landmass @ its leading edge. The light plate overrides the plate & pushes it downward

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10
Q

Ring of Fire

A

Pacific Ocean almost completely encircles by active volcanoes & earthquake epicenters

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11
Q

Climate

A

aggregate, total recodrd of weather conditions at a place, or in a region, over the entire period during which records have been kept

Impacts how, where, & why ppl live where they are living

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12
Q

Physiological density

A

Population per unit area of arable land

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13
Q

arable

A

can be used for agriculture and habitation

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14
Q

Development

A

the economic, social, and institutional growth of national states to improve the well-being of its people

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15
Q

Geo

A

Earth

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16
Q

Graphos

A

to write/describe

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17
Q

Spatial viewpoint

A

how, why, and where things are located on the earth’s surface the way they are

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18
Q

Transition Zone

A

area of spatial change where peripheries of two adjacent regions join, makred by a gradual shift in the characteristics that distinguish neighboring realsm

ex: subsaharan africa & north africa/southwest asia

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19
Q

Scale

A

ratio of distance on a map to ground distance

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20
Q

Cultural landscape

A

the composite of human imprints on the earth’s surface- always being modified & evolving

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21
Q

Culture

A

Shared patterns of learned behavior (not part of DNA)

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22
Q

“A” climate

A

tropical conditions, high temps, never freezes, all year around precipitation (may be wet, dry, wet, or wet monsoon)

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23
Q

“B” climate

A

low & high altitiudes (found anywhere)

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24
Q

“Bw” climate

A

true desert (<10 cm rain annually)

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25
Q

“Bs” climate

A

semiarid >10 cm rain annually

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26
Q

“D” climate

A

only found in northern hemisphere (only category found in 1 hemisphere), continental climate, no equivalent land areas in Southern Hemisphere, cold winters, cool summers, best soil here (not necessarily most productive)

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27
Q

“C” climate

A

Mid-latitudes beyond tropics, no climate extremes, cold winters, precipitations range from moist-dry summer

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28
Q

“E & H” Climate

A

frigid conditions with many places with permanent ice & snow

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29
Q

“E” climate

A

near poles

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30
Q

“H” climate

A

at equator or low latitudes, but at high elevation (arctic like conditions then)

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31
Q

Spatial scient

A

arrangement of everything on the earth’s surface (what geography is)

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32
Q

geographic realms are based on

A

spatial criteria

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33
Q

the largest geographic units into which the inhabited world can be divided

A

geographic realms

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34
Q

what is based on physical and human yardsticks

A

geographic realms

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35
Q

geographic realms resulted from

A

interaction between human societies & natural environments

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36
Q

function interaction of geographic realms are revealed by

A

farms, mines, fishing ports, transport routes, dams, bridges, villages, & other features of the landscape

37
Q

Regions are marked by

A

spatial similarity

38
Q

2 types of regions

A

formal

functional

39
Q

Formal regions are

A

uniformity in one or al imited number of related physical/cultural features and do not change

40
Q

functional realms are centered on

A

central spot (core/node)

41
Q

do functional regions change?

A

yes

42
Q

3 main layers of the earth

A

crust, mantle, core (inner/outer)

43
Q

land hemisphere

A

half of the globe containing the greatest amount of land surface, centered on Western Europe. 80% of landmass located in lcose proximity to each other

44
Q

Isolated State Model

A

Von Thunen bullseye: central city, intensive farming & dairying, forest, increasingly extensive field crops, ranching animal products

45
Q

Nation-state

A

a large majority of the population shares cultural homogeneity & unity (Iceland)

46
Q

Centrifugal forces

A

forces that tend to divide a country (religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences)

47
Q

Centripital forces

A

forces that unite & bind a country together (a strong national culture, shared ideolgical objectives, and a common faith)

48
Q

Primate city

A

country’s largest city, disproportionally larger than the second largest city, expressive of national culture, usually the capitla, (Paris, London, Athens)

49
Q

Break-of-Bulk point

A

location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another. Cargo of ocreangoing ships are unloaded and put on trains, trucks, or perhaps smaller river boats for inland distribution (entrepot) (Copenhagen-Denmark) (gives huge industry)

50
Q

Entrepot

A

a place, usually a port city, where goods are imported, stored, and transshipped (break-of-bulk point)

51
Q

Shatter belt

A

in Eastern Europe to describe a zone of chronic political and splintering (ethnically diverse region where nationalism has a great deal of power)

52
Q

Balkanization

A

to break up (as in a region) into smaller and hostile units (Yugoslavia)

53
Q

Exclave

A

bounded piece of territory that is kpart of a particular state but lies separated from it by the territory of another state

54
Q

Irredentism

A

policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a state aimed at a community of its national living in a neighboring state

55
Q

Countries in Western Europe

A

Germany

France

Belgium

Netherlands

Luxembourg

Switzerland

Austria

56
Q

Eastern Europe Countries

A

Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus

Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary

Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Hertzogovina, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Albania

Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine

57
Q

British Isles

A

United Kingdom

Ireland

58
Q

Northern Europe

A

Sweden

Norway

Denmark

Finland

Estonia

Iceland

59
Q

Mediterranean Europe

A

Italy

Spain

Portugal

Greece

Cyprus

Malta

60
Q

Countries that face the Baltic Sea

A

Poland

Lithuania

Latvia

Belarus

61
Q

The Landlocked Center

A

Czech Republic

Slovakia

Hungary

62
Q

Countries facing the Adriatic Sea

A

Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Hertzogovina, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Albania

63
Q

Yugoslavia

A

Slovenia

Croatia

Bosnia-Hertzogovina

Macedonia

Serbia

Montenegro

Kosovo

64
Q

Countries facing the Black Sea

A

Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine

65
Q

4 physical landscapes

A

Western Uplands

North European Lowlands

Central Uplands/Highlands

Alpine Region

66
Q

lingua franca

A

english

67
Q

Iberian Peninsula

A

Spain & Portugal

68
Q

United Kingdom

A
  • England, Scotland, Wales, & Northern Ireland
  • birth place Industrialized Revolution
  • important energy source: coal
  • large deposits of oil and natural gas
69
Q

Republic of Ireland

A
  • independent in 1921
  • one of the fastest growing economies in Europe & EU
  • important: agriculture, high-tech industries, tourism
70
Q

Germany

A
  • divided after WWII, unified in 1990
  • highly developed/industrialized
  • among world’s leading economic power
  • most powerful European economy
  • Europe’s most populous country
71
Q

France

A
  • natural wealth
  • 2/3rds of land nearly level
72
Q

Luxembourg

A
  • high level of industrialization & GNP
  • Agriculture only 4% of population
  • Economy based on financial activities
73
Q

The Kingdom of the Netherlands

A
  • most densely populated country in Europe
  • land reclamation
74
Q

Swizerland

A
  • one of the oldest countries in Europe
  • one of the most stable democracies in the world
  • known for neutrality
  • Four national languages (German, Romanshe, Italian, French)
75
Q

Austria

A
  • majority speaks German
  • 85%= Roman Catholic
  • terrain=hilly/mountainous
  • tourism=important
76
Q

Sweden

A
  • warm currents=nicer climate
  • high percentage of population 65 & older
77
Q

Norway

A
  • 1/3 of length= north of Arctic Circle
  • chief natural resources: fish, timber, hydroelectric power, oil & natural gas
  • 4% of land suitable for agriculture
  • fjords
78
Q

Denmark

A
  • Copenhagen (entrepot/break-of-bulk point)
  • most extensive use of land is for agriculsture, yet highly industrialized
79
Q

Finland

A
  • heavy glaciated, lake-strewn landscape
  • 1917 independence from uSSR
80
Q

Estonia

A

-Former Soviet Soialist Republic until from until 199-l

arge oil shale deposites (electric power

-EU 2004

81
Q

Iceland

A
  • mild lowland climate
  • damp.cool summers
  • highest literacy rate in world
  • US defends it
82
Q

Italy

A
  • most populated Mediterranean country
  • most economically advanced
  • Po river basin
  • North: most industrialized/progressive
  • South: largely undeveloped/poorer (Mezzogiamo region)
  • Ancona line: sharp north/south contrast
  • Milan: largest city/manufacturing center & country’s financial & service/industry center
  • Rome:
    • 3,000 yrs ago
    • Italy’s capital: 1870
    • 2.6 million ppl
83
Q

Spain

A
  • 47 million
  • democratic
  • catalonia (leading industrial area)
  • madrid (primate city)
  • conflict
    • British control of Gibralter
    • March 2004 (Terrorism)
84
Q

Portugal

A
  • 10.6 million
  • coastal orientation
  • primate city: Lisbon
85
Q

Greece

A
  • cradle of western civilization
  • 11 million
  • primate city:Athens
  • fragmented
86
Q

Cyprus

A
  • Greek majority, Turk minority
  • UN peace keeping in center
87
Q

Malta

A
  • archipelago
  • tourism
88
Q

Poland

A
  • nation-state
  • agragarian-wheat
  • primate city: warsaw
89
Q

Lithuania

A
  • soviet socialist republic 1940-1991
  • kalingrad (Russian exclave)

Geography Exam 1 (1 decks)

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