Vocab History Flashcards
Absolutism
A political system where a king or queen holds total power, often justified by divine right, and without legal or constitutional limitations.
A political system where a king or queen holds total power, often justified by divine right, and without legal or constitutional limitations.
Absolutism
Democracy
A form of government where power relies on people, either directly or through elected representatives, with free and fair elections.
A form of government where power relies on people, either directly or through elected representatives, with free and fair elections.
Democracy
Despotism
A form of government where a single authority rules with absolute power, often in a cruel manner, without regard for the welfare or rights of the people
A form of government where a single authority rules with absolute power, often in a cruel manner, without regard for the welfare or rights of the people
Despotism
Dictatorship
A political regime in which a single leader or party wields absolute power, typically without the consent of the government and often maintained by force.
A political regime in which a single leader or party wields absolute power, typically without the consent of the government and often maintained by force.
Dictatorship
Enlightenment
An intellectual and cultural movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority, leading to advances in political and social thought
An intellectual and cultural movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority, leading to advances in political and social thought
Enlightenment
Estate
In pre-revolutionary france, a social class or order; the three estates were the clergy (1st), the nobility (2nd) and the commoners (3rd)
National Sovereignty
The principle that a nation has the right to govern itself independently, free from external control or interference.
The principle that a nation has the right to govern itself independently, free from external control or interference
National sovereignty
Ancient regime
The political and social system of France before the French Revolution, characterized by absolute monarchy, feudal privileges, and the estate system
The political and social system of France before the French Revolution, characterized by absolute monarchy, feudal privileges, and the estate system
Ancient regime
Republic
A form of government in which the head of state is elected, and power is held by the people and their elected representatives, rather than by a monarch.
A form of government in which the head of state is elected, and power is held by the people and their elected representatives, rather than by a monarch.
Republic
Universal suffrage
The right of all adult citizens to vote in elections, regardless of property, income, race, or gender
The right of all adult citizens to vote in elections, regardless of property, income, race, or gender
Universal suffrage
Restricted suffrage
A system of voting rights limited to certain groups based on criteria such as property ownership, income, or education.
A system of voting rights limited to certain groups based on criteria such as property ownership, income, or education.
Restricted suffrage
Bill of rights
A formal declaration of the legal and civil rights of citizens, typically enshrined in a constitution, that protects individuals against government abuses
A formal declaration of the legal and civil rights of citizens, typically enshrined in a constitution, that protects individuals against government abuses
Bill of rights
Separation of powers
A principle of governance in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government are kept distinct to prevent abuse of power.
A principle of governance in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government are kept distinct to prevent abuse of power.
Separation of powers
Parliament
A legislative body of government, typically consisting of elected representatives, that makes laws, debates policy, and checks the power of the executive.
A legislative body of government, typically consisting of elected representatives, that makes laws, debates policy, and checks the power of the executive.
Parliament
Industrial revolution
A period of major industrialization during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that transformed economies from agrarian to industrial, leading to significant social, economic, and technological changes.
A period of major industrialization during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that transformed economies from agrarian to industrial, leading to significant social, economic, and technological changes.
Industrial revolution
