Vocab for Chemistry unit 2

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 3

Extensive Properties

Answer 3

a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

Question 4

Intensive Properties

Answer 4

a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter

Question 5

Mass

Answer 5

a measure of the amount of matter that an object contains; the SI base unit of mass is the kilogram

Question 6

Volume

Answer 6

a measure of the space occupied by a sample of matter

Question 7

Physical Property

Answer 7

a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition

Question 8

Physical Change

Answer 8

a change during which some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change

Question 9

Chemical Property

Answer 9

the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

Question 10

Chemical Change

Answer 10

a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter

Question 11

Phase (Phase of Matter)

Answer 11

any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties

Question 12

Solid

Answer 12

a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume

Question 13

Liquid

Answer 13

a form of matter that flows, has a fixed volume, and an indefinite shape

Question 14

Gas

Answer 14

a form of matter that takes the shape and volume of its container; a gas has no definite shape or volume

Question 15

Freezing

Answer 15

the difference in temperature between the freezing point of a solution and the freezing point of the pure solvent

Question 16

Melting

Answer 16

the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid; the melting point of water is 0°C

Question 17

Vaporization

Answer 17

the conversion of a liquid to a gas or a vapor

Question 18

Condensation

Answer 18

a structural formula that leaves out some bonds and/or atoms; the presence of these atoms or bonds is understood

Question 19

Sublimation

Answer 19

the process in which a solid changes to a gas or vapor without passing through the liquid state

Question 20

Deposition

Answer 20

the action of deposing someone, especially a monarch

Question 21

Substance (Pure Substance)

Answer 21

matter that has a uniform and definite composition; either an element or a compound; also called pure substance

Question 22

Element

Answer 22

the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties; an element cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

Question 23

Chemical Symbol

Answer 23

a one- or two- letter representation of an element

Question 24

Compound

Answer 24

a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

Question 25

Mixture

Answer 25

a physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

Question 26

Homogeneous Mixture

Answer 26

a mixture that is uniform in composition; components are evenly distributed and not easily distinguished

Question 27

Solution

Answer 27

a homogeneous mixture; consists of solutes dissolved in a solvent

Question 28

Heterogeneous Mixture

Answer 28

a mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture

Question 29

Filtration

Answer 29

a process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture

Question 30

Distillation

Answer 30

a process used to separate dissolved solids from a liquid, which is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid

Question 31

Chemical Reaction

Answer 31

a change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products; characterized by the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of bonds in products

Question 32

Reactant

Answer 32

a substance present at the start of a reaction

Question 33

Product

Answer 33

a substance produced in a chemical reaction

Question 34

Precipitate

Answer 34

a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture

Question 35

Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 35

in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved; mass can be neither created nor destroyed