Vocab. File 5

Question 1

Syntax

Answer 1

a component of mental grammar that deals with constructing phrasal expressions out of smaller expressions

Question 2

Linguistic expression

Answer 2

a piece of language with a form, a meaning, and syntactic property

Question 3

grammaticality judgment

Answer 3

an instance of a native speaker of some language deciding whether some string of words corresponds to a syntactically well-formed or grammatical phrasal expression in their native tongue

Question 4

phrasal expressions

Answer 4

a linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of smaller expressions

Question 5

lexical expressions

Answer 5

a linguistic expression that has to be listed in the mental lexicon

Question 6

principle of compositionality

Answer 6

the notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains

Question 7

syntactic properties

Answer 7

properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expressions, namely, word order and co-occurrence properties

Question 8

co-occurrence

Answer 8

the set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence

Question 9

word order

Answer 9

the linear order in which words can occur in some phrasal expression

Question 10

syntactic constituent

Answer 10

a group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression

Question 11

pro-forms

Answer 11

a word that can replace a syntactic constituent

Question 12

cleft

Answer 12

a type of sentence that has the general form

Question 13

syntactic categories

Answer 13

a group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties

Question 14

syntactic distribution

Answer 14

refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur

Question 15

mass nouns

Answer 15

a noun that cannot be counted and cannot be pluralized

Question 16

count nouns

Answer 16

a noun that can be counted and pluralized

Question 17

ditransitive verbs

Answer 17

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with two expressions of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase

Question 18

sentential complement verbs

Answer 18

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with a sentence to their right result in a verb phrase

Question 19

transitive verbs

Answer 19

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in a verb phrase

Question 20

intransitive verbs

Answer 20

the name for the set of lexical expressions whose syntactic category is a verb phrase

Question 21

VP adjuncts

Answer 21

a kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category verb phrase

Question 22

N adjuncts

Answer 22

a kind of adjunct that combines with an expression of syntactic category noun within the resulting expression also being of category noun

Question 23

prepositional phrase

Answer 23

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase

Question 24

phrase structure rules

Answer 24

a recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories

Question 25

lexical entries

Answer 25

a representation of a lexical expression and its linguistic properties within a descriptive grammar of some language

Question 26

phrase structure tree

Answer 26

a visual representation of how phrases are constructed within a descriptive grammar

Question 27

lexical ambiguity

Answer 27

the phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions

Question 28

homophony

Answer 28

the phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or nonphrasal linguisitic expressions happen to have the same form

Question 29

structural ambiguity

Answer 29

the phenomenon where a single string or words is the form of more than one distinct phrasal expression

Question 30

preposition

Answer 30

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that contains of expressions such as of, in, for, with, etc.

Question 31

verb phrase

Answer 31

the name of syntactic category that consists of all expressions that if combined with a noun phrase to their left will result in a sentence.

Question 32

substitution

Answer 32

in syntax, a constituency test that involved replacing a constituent with a single word

Question 33

morphosyntax

Answer 33

the name for syntax and morphology considered jointly as a single component of grammar

Question 34

agreement

Answer 34

the phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender, etc.

Question 35

modifiers

Answer 35

a linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional

Question 36

adjuncts

Answer 36

a linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional

Question 37

argument

Answer 37

a linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that same sentence

Question 38

complements

Answer 38

A non-subject argument of some expression

Question 39

subject

Answer 39

an expression, typically a noun phrase, that occurs to the left of the verb phrase in an english sentence

Question 40

grammatical

Answer 40

a term used to describe a sentence that is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language