Vocab File 2 Flashcards
Phonetics (23 cards)
Phonetics
the study and classification of speech sounds.
Acoustic Phonetics
concentrates on the physical properties of the speech sounds themselves
Auditory Phonetics
investigates how speech sounds are perceived and processed by the listener
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
an internationally recognized set of phonetic symbols developed in the late 19th century, based on the principle of strict one-to-one correspondence between sounds and symbols.
Received Pronunciation (RP)
the standard form of British English pronunciation, based on educated speech in southern England.
General American
the standard reference accent of North American English, for which the symbols are typically used.
Pulmonic Egressive Airstream Mechanism
Sounds made by manipulating air as it is exhaled from the lungs
Pulmonic Ingressive Airstream Mechanism
Sounds being made while breathing in
Frequency
the rate at which a vibration occurs that constitutes a wave, either in a material (as in sound waves), or in an electromagnetic field (as in radio waves and light), usually measured per second.
Vocal Tract
the passages above the larynx through which air passes in the production of speech, including the buccal, oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavities.
Where speech sounds are shaped
Vocal Organs
a term that refers to all parts of the body
involved in speech production, including also the parts up to the larynx such as lungs and trachea (windpipe).
Articulators
any of the vocal organs above the larynx, including the tongue, lips, teeth, and hard palate.
They have active or passive
Place of Articulation
the point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active, moving articulator (typically one part of the tongue) and a passive articulator (typically one part of the roof of the mouth).
Bilabial Sounds
Involving both lips
Alveolar
with an obstruction at the alveolar ridge
Labio-dentals
involve only the lower lip and additionally the upper teeth. Ex) [f]
palato-alveolar sounds
the constriction is between the hard palate
and the alveolar ridge, slightly further back than for alveolar sounds, such as [s]
Palatal Sound
such as [j], the tongue is raised toward the hard
palate
Manner of Articulation
describes how the different speech organs are involved in producing a consonant sound, basically how the airflow is obstructed.
Stops
because the airflow is stopped completely
[p, b, t, d, k, ɡ]
Plosives
because of the burst of air at the moment of release, which sounds like a small explosion
Fricatives
are created when air forces its way through a narrow gap between two articulators at a steady pace.
[f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, h]
Approximants
in which the articulators approach each other, but do not cause a strong constriction in the vocal tract.