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Nurs 316 UMSON > Vocab Exam 1 > Flashcards

Vocab Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is research? What is nursing research?

A

Research - systemic inquiry discipline methods to solve problems or answer questions.

Nursing research - systemic inquiry to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession.

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2
Q

Why is research important in nursing?

A

It is important because many clinical practice changes reflect the impact of research.

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3
Q

What is evidence-based practice? Why is it important?

A

EBP- is the use of the best clinical evidence in making patient care decisions.

It is important because nursing decisions must reflect evidence.

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4
Q

What are producers and consumers of research?

A

Producers produce the research or do the experiment.

Consumers use or research other people’s experiments.

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5
Q

What are the sources of knowledge and nursing?

A

Tradition.
Authority.
Clinical experience; trial and error; institution.
Logical reasoning ( inductive and deductive )
Assembled information (quality improvement data )
Disciplined research

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6
Q

What is a paradigm? What are the characteristics of positive and constructive (Naturalist) paradigms?

A

paradigm - a worldview; a general perspective on the complexities of the real world, with certain assumptions about reality.

Positive assumption - reality exists, there is a real-world driven by natural causes.

naturalist assumption - there is multiple realities and is subjective, it is constructed by individuals.

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7
Q

What is the definition of research methods? What are the characteristics of the traditional scientific method (Qualitative research) and constructivist method (quantitative research)?

A

Research methods are techniques used to structure a study and gather, analyze, and and interpret information.

Quantitative research - most often aligns with positivist tradition. Errors and perception should be minimized; seeking to identify/describe / explain objective reality.

Qualitative research - most often aligns with naturalist tradition. Goal is to understand perception itself; seeking to explore and understand subjective perceptions rather than objective reality.

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8
Q

What are the components of pico

A

Population-
Relevant patience.
Age sex geographic location or specific characteristics.

Intervention/indicator management strategies, diagnostic test, or exposure that we are interested in.

Control / compare
Is there a control or alternative management strategy you would like to compare to the intervention or indicator

Outcome
What are the patient relevant consequences of the intervention

Timing / type of study
Time period that I should be considered.
What study type is most beneficial.

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9
Q

What is ethical dilemma

A

When the rights of study participants are in direct conflict with requirements for rigorous study.

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10
Q

Code of ethics

A

Nuremberg - voluntary consent

Helsinki - interest of science and society should never be more important than a person’s well-being.

Belmont - respect beneficence, justice

CIOMS- non-maleficent - minimize harm

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11
Q

What is right to self-determination

A

Participants can decide voluntarily whether to participate in studies without penalty

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12
Q

What is right to full disclosure

A

Researcher has fully described the study the person is right to refuse participation and possible risk and benefit

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13
Q

What is the procedure for protecting study participants

A 
Risk - benefit assessment.
Informed consent.
Confidentiality procedures.
Debriefing and referrals.
Special treatment of vulnerable groups. 
Institutional review board and external reviews
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14
Q

What is a hypothesis

A

Researchers prediction about relationship among variables

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15
Q

What is directional hypothesis

A

Predicts the direction of a relationship

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16
Q

What is non-directional hypothesis

A

Predict the existence of a relationship not its direction

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17
Q

What is simple hypothesis

A

Express is a predicted relationship between one independent variable and a dependent variable

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18
Q

What is complex hypothesis

A

Stage a predicted relationship between two or more independent variables and/or two or more deep in the variables

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19
Q

What is research hypothesis

A

States the actual prediction of a relationship

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20
Q

What is the statistical or null hypothesis

A

Expresses the absence of a relationship used only in statistical testing

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21
Q

What are the research variables

A

Continuous variable - assumes different variables between each point. Example age, weight, height.

Categorical variable- represent distinct groups. Example marital status.

Independent variable - the presumed cause. What’s being changed or manipulated.

Dependent variable- The presumed effect. What’s being measured.

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22
Q

What is systemic review

A

Vigorous synthesis of research findings in a particular research question.

23
Q

What is paradigm

A

Worldwide view, a general perspective on the world’s complexities

24
Q

Positive paradigm

A

Reality exist there is a real world driven by rreal natural causes

25
Q

Constructivist paradigm or naturalist paradigm

A

Reality is so multiple subjective, mentally constructed by individuals; Their perception

26
Q

Research method

A

Techniques used to structure a study and together and analyze relevant information

27
Q

Quantitative research

A

Most often allied with positive tradition

28
Q

Qualitative research

A

Most often alive with naturalist tradition

29
Q

Cause probing

A

Seeks to eliminate the underlying cause of phenomena

30
Q

Empirical evidence

A

evidence that is rooted in objective reality and gather directly or indirectly through the senses rather than through personal beliefs or hunches

31
Q

Generalizability

A

Ability to generalize research findings in individuals other than those who took part in the study

32
Q

Clinical practice guideline

A

practice guidelines that are evidence-based combining a synthesis and appraisal of research evidence with specific recommendations for clinical decisions

33
Q

Cochran collaboration

A

an international organization that aims to facilitate well-informed decisions about healthcare by preparing systemic reviews of the effect of healthcare interventions

34
Q

Evidence hierarchy

A

Ranked arrangement of the validity and dependability of evidence-based in the rigor of the method that produces it the traditional evidence hierarchy is appropriate primarily for cause probing research

35
Q

Evidence-based practice

A

A practice that involves making clinical decisions based on and integration of the best available evidence

36
Q

Implementation potential

A

The extent to which an innovation is amenable to implementation in a new setting. An assessment of implementation potential is often made in an evidence-based practice project

37
Q

Research utilization

A

Use of study findings in a practical application unrelated to the original research

38
Q

Background question

A

Foundational ask about general knowledge about a condition test or treatment. 5Ws

39
Q

Foreground question

A

Answerable based on current best research evidence asks specific knowledge to inform clinical decisions

40
Q

Clinical practice guidelines

A

Recommendations for clinicians about the care patients with specific conditions

41
Q

Meta analysis

A

defining from a multiple studies in the same topic are combined and then all of the information is analyzed statistically in a very similar to that in a usual study

42
Q

Conceptual

A

The abstract or theoretical meaning of a concept being studied

43
Q

Operational

A

The measurements a researcher must perform to collect the desired information

44
Q

Data

A

The pieces of information researchers collect in a study

45
Q

Cause and effect

A

Independent variable causes or affects the outcome

46
Q

Functional

A

Related to a non-causal way

47
Q

Experimental

A

Researchers actively introduce an intervention or treatment

48
Q

Not experimental

A

We should just collect data without intervening or introducing treatments observational research

49
Q

Is IMRAD format

A

Intro, method, results, discussion

50
Q

What is the abstract

A

Brief description of major features of a study

51
Q

What is discussion

A

Interpretation of the results

52
Q

What is bias

A

An influencing producing a distortion and study results

53
Q

So what is the confounding variables

A

Contaminating factors

54
Q

What is research control

A

Attempts to eliminate contaminating factors that might cloud the relationship between variable and area of central interest

Nurs 316 UMSON (2 decks)

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