vocab ch. 3 & 4

Question 1

taxon

Answer 1

any taxonomic group or entity

Question 2

binomial nomenclature

Answer 2

each species has unique 2 word latin name

Genus species

Question 3

taxonomy

Answer 3

science of naming and classifying organisms (hierarchical)

Question 4

phylogeny

Answer 4

evolutionary history of a species or group of related species (family tree)

Question 5

phylogenetic tree

Answer 5

diagram reflecting hierarchical classification of taxonomic groups nested within more inclusive groups

Question 6

cell

Answer 6

smallest unit of living thing

Question 7

tissue

Answer 7

groups of cells with common function

Question 8

organ

Answer 8

groups of tissues with common function

Question 9

radial symmetry

Answer 9

mirror halves if cut through any central axis

to/bottom but no left/right or front/back

Question 10

bilateral symmetry

Answer 10

only one imaginary cut through central axis yields mirror halves
has top/bottom, front/back, left/right

Question 11

sac body plan

Answer 11

incomplete digestive system
one opening (ingestion and excretion)
2 germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm)

Question 12

tube-within-tube body plan

Answer 12

complete digestive system
2 openings (ingestion/excretion)
3 germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm)

Question 13

endoderm

Answer 13

inner most germ layer

gives rise to digestive tract and organs derived from it (heart, liver, lungs)

Question 14

mesoderm

Answer 14

germ layer between endo & ectoderms

forms muscles and most other organs between digestive tract & outer covering

Question 15

ectoderm

Answer 15

outermost germ layer

gives rise to outer “covering”

Question 16

archenteron

Answer 16

primitive or developing digestive tract (gut)

Question 17

coelom

Answer 17

body cavity–body cavity completely lined with mesoder

Question 18

acoelomate

Answer 18

no body cavity

Question 19

pseudocoelomate

Answer 19

body cavity incompletely lined with mesoderm

Question 20

coelomate

Answer 20

coelom is present, forms by schizocoely in protostomes, earthworms and insects

Question 21

protostome

Answer 21

mouth 1st

Question 22

deuterostome

Answer 22

mouth 2nd

Question 23

spiral cleavage

Answer 23

planes of cell division are diagonal to vertical axis of zygote
new cells do not form directly on top of original cells

Question 24

radial cleavage

Answer 24

cleavage planes are parallel or perpendicular to vertical axis of zygote
*new cells form directly on top of original cells

Question 25

determinate cleavage

Answer 25

developmental fate of each embryonic cell decided early

Question 26

indeterminate cleavage

Answer 26

each cell produced by early cleavage retains capacity to develop into complete embryo

Question 27

zygote

Answer 27

fertilized egg

Question 28

blastopore

Answer 28

the 1st opening that forms in the archenteron during embryonic development

Question 29

segmentation

Answer 29

repetition of body part along longitudinal axis

Question 30

anterior

Answer 30

head end

Question 31

posterior

Answer 31

the opposite or tail end

Question 32

dorsal

Answer 32

the back side

Question 33

ventral

Answer 33

the front or belly side

Question 34

cephalization

Answer 34

the differentiation of a head end