vocab ch 13-17

Question 1

anterior lobe of pituitary gland is responsible for what?

Answer 1

growth and development of bones, muscles, sex glands, thyroid gland, and adrenal cortex.

Question 2

posterior lobe of pituitary gland does what?

Answer 2

stores and secretes ADH (antidiuretic) and oxytocin (uterine smooth muscle)

Question 3

what does the pineal gland do?

Answer 3

secretes melatonin and seratonin

helps regulate body biological clock.

Question 4

What does melatonin do?

Answer 4

hormone that can be released at night to help regulate release of gonadotropin

Question 5

what does seratonin do?

Answer 5

hormone that is a neurotransmitter, vasoconstrictor, and smooth muscle stimulant, acts to inhibit gastric secretion

Question 6

what does thyroid gland do?

Answer 6

vital role in metabolism and regulates body’s metabolic processes of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, water, vitamins and minerals. influences growth and development. releases calcitonin that influences bone metabolism

Question 7

parathyroid functions?

Answer 7

metabolism of phosphorus; hyperparathyroidism can cause osteoporosis, kidney stones, and hypercalcemia

Question 8

pancreas is also known as what?

Answer 8

islets of langerhans

Question 9

what does the pancreas do?

Answer 9

regulates the release of alpha, beta, and delta cells that control insulin and glycogen

Question 10

what do alpha cells do?

Answer 10

secrete glucagon, which breaks down glycogen to glucose which ELEVATES blood sugar.

Question 11

what do beta cells do?

Answer 11

secrete the hormone insulin, which maintains normal blood sugar. It promotes entry of glucose into cells which LOWERS BLOOD SUGAR

Question 12

what do delta cells do?

Answer 12

secrete hormone somatostatin which suppresses the release of glucagon and insulin

Question 13

Adrenal glands consist of what 2 areas?

Answer 13

Cortex and Medulla

Question 14

what does the adrenal cortex do?

Answer 14

regulates carbohydrates, helps body cope during times of stress, provides anti-inflammatory effect, regulates electrolyte and water balance. Releases CORTISOL and TESTOSTERONE

Question 15

what does the adrenal medulla do?

Answer 15

releases dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

Question 16

what does dopamine do?

Answer 16

dilates systemic arteries, elevates systolic blood pressure, increases cardiac and urinary output

Question 17

what does epinephrine (adrenaline) do?

Answer 17

acts as vasoconstrictor, vasopressor, cardiac stimulant

Question 18

thymus functions?

Answer 18

secretes thymosin which promotes the maturation process of T lymphocytes, white blood cells that help in cell-mediated immunity.

Question 19

adenectomy

Answer 19

surgical excision of a gland

Question 20

adenoma

Answer 20

tumor of a gland

Question 21

adenosis

Answer 21

any disease condition of a gland

Question 22

catecholamines

Answer 22

sympathomimetic hormones, epinephrin, norepinephrine, and dopamine

Question 23

cortisone

Answer 23

glucocorticoid (steroid) hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, used as an anti-inflammatory agent

Question 24

what acts to elevate blood pressure and increase urinary output

Answer 24

dopamine

Question 25

galactorrhea

Answer 25

excessive secretion of milk after cessation of nursing

Question 26

hypophysis

Answer 26

the pituitary gland

Question 27

congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 27

when a baby is born with either no thyroid, small under active thyroid, or misplaced thyroid

Question 28

which gland does iodine help with?

Answer 28

thyroid gland

Question 29

what does oxytocin do?

Answer 29

hormone that stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth and stimulates release of milk during suckling

Question 30

progeria

Answer 30

pathological condition of premature old age occurring in childhood

Question 31

what is a growth stiulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Answer 31

somatotropin

Question 32

what is a vasopressin?

Answer 32

a pituitary hormone that acts to promote the retention of water by the kidneys and increase blood pressure.

Question 33

gray matter of the spinal cord is composed of sheathed or unsheathed cell bodies?

Answer 33

unsheathed cell bodies and true dendrites.

Question 34

white matter is composed of myelinated nerve fibers? T or F

Answer 34

True

Question 35

the three membranes that enclose the brain are collectively known as what?

Answer 35

meninges

Question 36

the three meninges are?

Answer 36

dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

Question 37

what are the functions of the cerebrum?

Answer 37

evaluates and controls all sensory and motor activity; sensory perception, emotion, consciousness, memory, and voluntary movements

Question 38

what are the functions of the cerebellum

Answer 38

provides feedback on the position of the body in space. fine tunes motor movements. Integrates sensory perception and motor output. Makes muscles move

Question 39

functions of the thalamus

Answer 39

relay center for all sensory impulses (except olfactory) being transmitted to the sensory areas of the cortex. involved with emotions and arousal mechanisms

Question 40

functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 40

principal regulator of autonomic nervous activity that is associated with behavior and expression. contains hormones that are important for the control of metabolic activities (temp, sleep cycle, appetite, sexual arousal)

Question 41

what does the pons do

Answer 41

somatic and visceral motor control, important for regulating breathing, links cerebellum and medulla

Question 42

what does the medulla oblongata do?

Answer 42

acts as the cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor control center; regulates breathing, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, and vomiting as well as heartbeat and BP.

Question 43

frontal lobe functions

Answer 43

brain's major motor area and the site for personality and speech.

Question 44

parietal lobe function

Answer 44

contains centers for sensory input from all parts of the body, interprets language. Temp, pressure, touch, and awareness of muscle control

Question 45

temporal lob function

Answer 45

centers for hearing, smell, and language input

Question 46

occipital lobe

Answer 46

vision