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Medical Terminology > vocab ch 13-17 > Flashcards

vocab ch 13-17 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anterior lobe of pituitary gland is responsible for what?

A

growth and development of bones, muscles, sex glands, thyroid gland, and adrenal cortex.

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2
Q

posterior lobe of pituitary gland does what?

A

stores and secretes ADH (antidiuretic) and oxytocin (uterine smooth muscle)

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3
Q

what does the pineal gland do?

A

secretes melatonin and seratonin

helps regulate body biological clock.

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4
Q

What does melatonin do?

A

hormone that can be released at night to help regulate release of gonadotropin

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5
Q

what does seratonin do?

A

hormone that is a neurotransmitter, vasoconstrictor, and smooth muscle stimulant, acts to inhibit gastric secretion

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6
Q

what does thyroid gland do?

A

vital role in metabolism and regulates body’s metabolic processes of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, water, vitamins and minerals. influences growth and development. releases calcitonin that influences bone metabolism

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7
Q

parathyroid functions?

A

metabolism of phosphorus; hyperparathyroidism can cause osteoporosis, kidney stones, and hypercalcemia

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8
Q

pancreas is also known as what?

A

islets of langerhans

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9
Q

what does the pancreas do?

A

regulates the release of alpha, beta, and delta cells that control insulin and glycogen

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10
Q

what do alpha cells do?

A

secrete glucagon, which breaks down glycogen to glucose which ELEVATES blood sugar.

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11
Q

what do beta cells do?

A

secrete the hormone insulin, which maintains normal blood sugar. It promotes entry of glucose into cells which LOWERS BLOOD SUGAR

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12
Q

what do delta cells do?

A

secrete hormone somatostatin which suppresses the release of glucagon and insulin

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13
Q

Adrenal glands consist of what 2 areas?

A

Cortex and Medulla

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14
Q

what does the adrenal cortex do?

A

regulates carbohydrates, helps body cope during times of stress, provides anti-inflammatory effect, regulates electrolyte and water balance. Releases CORTISOL and TESTOSTERONE

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15
Q

what does the adrenal medulla do?

A

releases dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

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16
Q

what does dopamine do?

A

dilates systemic arteries, elevates systolic blood pressure, increases cardiac and urinary output

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17
Q

what does epinephrine (adrenaline) do?

A

acts as vasoconstrictor, vasopressor, cardiac stimulant

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18
Q

thymus functions?

A

secretes thymosin which promotes the maturation process of T lymphocytes, white blood cells that help in cell-mediated immunity.

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19
Q

adenectomy

A

surgical excision of a gland

20
Q

adenoma

A

tumor of a gland

21
Q

adenosis

A

any disease condition of a gland

22
Q

catecholamines

A

sympathomimetic hormones, epinephrin, norepinephrine, and dopamine

23
Q

cortisone

A

glucocorticoid (steroid) hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, used as an anti-inflammatory agent

24
Q

what acts to elevate blood pressure and increase urinary output

A

dopamine

25
Q

galactorrhea

A

excessive secretion of milk after cessation of nursing

26
Q

hypophysis

A

the pituitary gland

27
Q

congenital hypothyroidism

A

when a baby is born with either no thyroid, small under active thyroid, or misplaced thyroid

28
Q

which gland does iodine help with?

A

thyroid gland

29
Q

what does oxytocin do?

A

hormone that stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth and stimulates release of milk during suckling

30
Q

progeria

A

pathological condition of premature old age occurring in childhood

31
Q

what is a growth stiulating hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

somatotropin

32
Q

what is a vasopressin?

A

a pituitary hormone that acts to promote the retention of water by the kidneys and increase blood pressure.

33
Q

gray matter of the spinal cord is composed of sheathed or unsheathed cell bodies?

A

unsheathed cell bodies and true dendrites.

34
Q

white matter is composed of myelinated nerve fibers? T or F

A

True

35
Q

the three membranes that enclose the brain are collectively known as what?

A

meninges

36
Q

the three meninges are?

A

dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

37
Q

what are the functions of the cerebrum?

A

evaluates and controls all sensory and motor activity; sensory perception, emotion, consciousness, memory, and voluntary movements

38
Q

what are the functions of the cerebellum

A

provides feedback on the position of the body in space. fine tunes motor movements. Integrates sensory perception and motor output. Makes muscles move

39
Q

functions of the thalamus

A

relay center for all sensory impulses (except olfactory) being transmitted to the sensory areas of the cortex. involved with emotions and arousal mechanisms

40
Q

functions of the hypothalamus

A

principal regulator of autonomic nervous activity that is associated with behavior and expression. contains hormones that are important for the control of metabolic activities (temp, sleep cycle, appetite, sexual arousal)

41
Q

what does the pons do

A

somatic and visceral motor control, important for regulating breathing, links cerebellum and medulla

42
Q

what does the medulla oblongata do?

A

acts as the cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor control center; regulates breathing, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, and vomiting as well as heartbeat and BP.

43
Q

frontal lobe functions

A

brain’s major motor area and the site for personality and speech.

44
Q

parietal lobe function

A

contains centers for sensory input from all parts of the body, interprets language. Temp, pressure, touch, and awareness of muscle control

45
Q

temporal lob function

A

centers for hearing, smell, and language input

46
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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