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*CIS 237 - Network Management > Vocab Ch. 10 - 13 > Flashcards

Vocab Ch. 10 - 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Internet Protocol Layers

A

From top down:

1) Application Layer
2) Transport Layer
3) Network Layer
4) Network Access Layer

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2
Q

TCP/IP

A

Two protocols used for the interconnection of internal networks and connection on the internet.

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3
Q

Internet Protocol

A

(IP) - Provides a connectionless data transfer service over heterogeneous networks by passing and routing IP datagrams.

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4
Q

IP datagram

A

Essentially, another name for a data packet.

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5
Q

IPv4 address length

A

32 bits

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6
Q

IP multicasting

A

The capability of a network server to transmit a data stream to more than one host at a time.

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7
Q

subnet masking

A

The practice of taking the host ID portion of an IP address and further dividing it into a subnet ID and a host ID.

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8
Q

IPv6

A
  • 128 bits addressing
  • Better support with extension headers
  • Better security, with tow extension headers devoted entirely to security.
  • More choices in type of service
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9
Q

Transmission Control Protocol

A

(TCP) - The function is to turn an unreliable network (such as the one created by IP) into a reliable network that is free from lost and duplicate packets.
CONNECTION-ORIENTED

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10
Q

TCP functions

A

1) Create a connection
2) Release a connection
3) Implement flow control - Ensure sending station does not overwhelm receiving station.
4) Establish multiplexing - Sends multiple connections over one IP connection.
5) Perform error recovery - Each byte is numbered in the order sent.
6) Establish priority - Data can be labeled as urgent.

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11
Q

Port number

A

Identifies an application on a device.

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12
Q

socket

A

The combination of the IP address and port number which creates a precise identification of a particular application on a particular devices.

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13
Q

Internet Control Message Protocol

A

(ICMP) - Used by routers and nodes to perform error reporting for the IP.

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14
Q

User Datagram Protocol

A

(UDP) - A no-frills transport protocol that does not establish connections, does not attempt to keep data packets in sequence, and does not watch for datagrams that have existed for too long.
CONNECTIONLESS

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15
Q

Multiprotocol Label Switching

A

(MPLS) - A technique that enables a router to switch data from one path onto another path.

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16
Q

Address Resolution Protocol

A

(ARP) - Takes an IP address in and IP datagram and translates it into the appropriate medium access control layer address for delivery on a local area network.

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17
Q

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

A

(DHCP) - The most popular protocol for dynamic assignment of IP addresses to LAN connected computers.

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18
Q

Network Address Translation

A

(NAT) - It lets a router represent an entire local area network to the Internet as a single IP address.

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19
Q

virtual private network

A

(VPN) - A data network connection that makes use of the public telecommunications infrastructure but maintains privacy through the use of a tunneling protocol and security procedures.

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20
Q

tunneling protocol

A

Such as PPTP, is the command set that allows an organization to create secure connections using public resources such as the internet.

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21
Q

Point-to-Point Protocol

A

(PPP) - Is used for communication between two computers using a serial connection.

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22
Q

IPSec

A

An abbreviation for IP Security, it is a set of protocols developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force to support the secure exchange of data packets at the IP layer.

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23
Q

World Wide Web

A

(WWW) - A vast collection of electronic documents that are located on may different Web servers, and contain text and images that can be accessed by simply clicking links within a browser’s Web page.

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24
Q

Hypertext Markup Language

A

(HTML) - The language used to design webpages, it can be generated manually with a text-based editor such as Notepad, or through the use of a Web page authoring tool.

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25
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP) - An application layer protocol used by browsers to request web pages from servers and for servers to send the requested page back to the user's browser.
26
HTTP Methods
GET - Retrieve a particular page. HEAD - Uses a given URL to retrieve only the HTTP headers (not the document body) of the Web page. PUT - Sends data from a user's browser to a remote Web sit DELETE - Requests that a server delete the information corresponding to a given URL.
27
Uniform Resource Locator
(URL) - The address that is given to every object on the internet that uniquely identifies the object and allows others to find it and retrieve it.
28
Domain Name System
(DNS) - A large, distributed database of Internet addresses and domain names. It is the database the Internet uses to translate a web address entered by a user into the 32-bit address used by computers and other networking devices.
29
domain name
A part of the URL which specifies a particular server at a particular site that contains the requested item. Example: gatekeeper.dec.com
30
top-level domain
``` This is the portion of the domain name that indicates which large entity the site is associated with. Examples: .com - commercial .gov - government .ca - Canada .uk - United Kingdom ```
31
mid-level domain name
Is usually the name of the organization (often a company or school) or host that is surviving up the object. Example: www.google.com - google is the mid-level domain name.
32
lower-level domain name
Further subdivisions of the hast and are usually crated by the host. Examples: www. fiberlock.com - www is the lower-level domain name email. fiberlock.com - email is the lower-level domain name
33
domain name directory or subdirectory
Used to indicate which directory or subdirectory on the server, the document/object is located in. Example: www.google.com/maps/ - maps is the subdirectory
34
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
(MIME) - A document created bye an e-mail program used to transfer files with an e-mail.
35
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(SMTP) - An Internet protocol for sending and receiving email, and is used to preform the transfer.
36
Post Office Protocol version 3
(POP3) - Is the software that allows users to save e-mail messages in a server mailbox and download them when desired from the server.
37
Internet Message Access Protocol
(IMAP) - A more sophisticated alternative to POP3, it is a client/server protocol in which e-mail is received and held for you at your Internet server. You can look at just parts of it or you can download the entire message.
38
File Transfer Protocol
(FTP) - One of the first services offered on the Internet, its primary functions are to allow a user to download a file from a remote site to the user's computer, and to upload a file from the user's computer to a remote site.
39
Remote login or Telnet
A terminal emulation program for TCP/IP networks, such as the Internet, that allows users to log in to a remote computer.
40
Voice over IP
(VoIP) - The practice of making telephone cals over the Internet.
41
private VoIP
VoIP systems used for internal communication only.
42
VoIP gateway
A common device that performs the conversion of an analog telephone call (voice and signals) into the packetized IP data.
43
Session Initiation Protocol
(SIP) - An application layer protocol that can create, modify, and terminate voice sessions between two or more parties.
44
ENUM
A protocol used by SIP to convert telephone numbers to fully quantified domain name addresses.
45
Voice over Wireless LAN
(WoWLAN) - Allows a user to roam within the building or campus and, using a wireless handset, communicate with one or more people using the wireless LAN network.
46
listserv
A popular software program used to create and manage Internet mailing lists. When individuals sends and e-mail to a listserv address, the listserv sends a copy to all the other addresses on the list.
47
Real-Time Protocol and Real-Time Streaming Protocol
(RTP) & (RTSP) - Two common application layer protocols that servers and the Internet use to deliver streaming audio and video data to a user's browser.
48
e-commerce
The term used to represent a business's commercial dealings over the internet.
49
e-retailing
The electronic selling and buying of merchandise using the Web.
50
Electronic data interchange
(EDI) - An electronic commercial transaction between tor or more companies.
51
Micro-marketing
The gathering and use of the browsing habits of potential and current customers.
52
cookie
Data created by a Web server that is stored on the hard drive of a user's workstation which provides a way for a Web site that stored the cookie to track a user's Web-browsing patterns and preferences.
53
intranet
A TCP/IP network inside a company that allows employees to access the company's information resources through an Internet-like interface.
54
extranet
An intranet with services that allow access to users outside the physical location of the intranet.
55
Internet2
A very-hight-speed network that will cover the US, interconnecting universities and research centers at transmission rates up to a gigabit per second.
56
plain old telephone service
(POTS) - The original phone system designed for voice and analog signals. In the 1970s, it started carrying computer data as well.
57
local loop
The analog telephone line that leaves your house or business and consists of either four or eight wires, only two are needed, the others are spare.
58
central office
(CO) - The location that contains the equipment that generates a dial tone, interprets the telephone number dialed, checks for special services, and connects the incoming call to the next point. All telephone networks, beginning at the CO and throughout the telephone network, are digital.
59
local access transport area
(LATA) - Is a geographic area such as a large metropolitan area or part of a large state. Calls originating from one location in the LATA to another inside the LATA are local calls. Calls to or from a location outside the LATA are considers long-distance calls.
60
telephone network types
subscriber loop or standard telephone line - the wire that runs from your house to the CO. trunk - does not have a phone number associated with it. It cares hundreds of voice and data channels.
61
local exchange carriers
(LECs) - Local telephone companies.
62
interexchange carriers
(IECs or IXCs) - Long-distance telephone companies.
63
central office exchange service
Centrex - A service from local telephone companies in which up-to-date telephone facilities at the telephone company's central office are offered to business users, so that they do not need to purchase own facilities.
64
private branch exchange
(PBX) - A large, computerized, self-contained telephone system that sits in a telephone room on a company's premises. It handles all in-house calls and places calls onto outside telephone lines.
65
private lines and tie lines
Leased telephone lines that require no dialing. They are permanent direct connections between two specific points.
66
competitive local exchange carriers
(CLECs) - New providers of local telephone services allowed by the Telecommunications Act of 1996.
67
incumbent local exchange carriers
(ILECs) - Existing local telephone companies.
68
Telephone channels
There are two 4000 Hz channels with filters between and surrounding each.
69
Data transmission over phone lines
Any data transmission that is performed over a standard telephone line must fit within one or more fairly narrow bands of 4000 Hz, which means the data transmission rate with also be limited.
70
symmetric connection
A connection in which the transfer speeds in both directions are equal.
71
asymmetric connection
A connection in which there is a faster downstream than there is an upstream.
72
splitterless DSL
When no splitter is used to separate the DSL signal from the POTS signal.
73
Asymmetric digital subscriber line
(ADSL) - A popular format that transmits the downstream data at a faster rater than the upstream rate.
74
DSL Lite
A slower format compared to ADSL.
75
Very high data rate DSL2
(VDSL2) - A very fast format (roughly 100-Mbps down and up) over very short distances (less than 300 meters).
76
Rate-adaptive DSL
(RADSL) - A format in which the transfer rate can very depending on noise levels within the telephone line's loop.
77
cable modem
A high-speed communications service that allows high-speed access to wide are networks such as the Internet via a cable television connection.
78
Data Over Service Interface Specification
(DOCSIS) - The standard used by cable companies to provide Internet services.
79
T-1 service
An all-digital connection that can transfer either voice or data at speeds up to 1.544Mbps.
80
Frame relay
A packet-switched network that was designed for transmitting data over fixed lines.
81
permanent virtual circuit
(PVC) - The permanent connection that is necessary to transfer data between two endpoints.
82
layer 2 protocol
Frame relay is a layer 2 protocol which means that it is only one part of a network application and resides at the data link layer.
83
committed information rate
(CIR) - When a customer establishes a virtual circuit with a frame relay carrier, both the customer and the carrier agree on a number of important pertaining to the transfer of the customer data.
84
service level agreement
(SLA) - The general term for the agreement between a customer and the carrier.
85
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
(ATM) - A very-high-speed, packet-switched service. Transmits all data and control signals using 53-byte cells. Cells are kept small so that switching can be done by hardware, which is the fastest method.
86
virtual channel connection
(VCC) - A logical connection made in an ATM system before you transfer data.
87
virtual path connection
(VPS) - A bundle of VCCs that have the same endpoints. They are established for data transfer, but they are also established for control signaling, network management, and routing.
88
user-network interface
When a VCC transmits user-to-network control signaling.
89
network-network interface
When a VCC transmits management and routing signals.
90
class of service
A definition of a type of traffic and the underlying technology that will support that type of traffic.
91
Constant bit rate
(CBR) - The most expensive ATM class of service, delivers a high-speed, continuous data stream that can be used with transmission-intensive applications.
92
Variable bit rate
(VBR) - ATM class of service used for real-time applications, such as compressed interactive video.
93
Available bit rate
(ABR) - ATM class of service used for traffic that may experience burst of data, called "bursty" traffic, and whose bandwidth range is roughly known.
94
Unspecified bit rate
(UBR) - ATM class of service where the traffic may have bursts of data, but there is no promo as to when the data may be sent.
95
Computer-telephony integration
(CTI) - A field that combines more traditional voice networks with modern computer networks. Advantages: - It creates new voice/data business applications. - It makes optimal use current resources. - It saves money.
96
Unified messaging
Users utilize a single desktop application to send and receive email, voice mail, and faxes.
97
Interactive voice response
When a customer calls a company, his or her telephone number is used to extract the customer's records from a corporate database.
98
Integrated voice recognition and response
A user calling into a company telephone systems provides some form of data by speaking into the telephone, and a database query is performed using this spoken information.
99
Fax processing and fax-back
Enabling fax capabilities on the computer.
100
Text-to-speech and speech-to-text conversion
The system understands the speech of the user and responds. Also, the system will read out loud the text on the page.
101
Third-party call control
Users have the ability to control a call.
102
PBX graphic user interface
Different icons on a computer screen represent common PBX functions such as call hold.
103
Call filtering
Users can specify telephone numbers that are allowed to get through.
104
Customized menuing systems
Organizations can build custom menus.
105
Trojan horse
Also know as a mobile malicious code, is a malicious piece of code hiding in a harmless-looking piece of code.
106
virus
A small program that alters the way a computer operates without the knowledge of the user and often does various types of damage by deleting and corrupting data and other things.

*CIS 237 - Network Management (3 decks)

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