Vocab Ch. 10 - 13 Flashcards
Internet Protocol Layers
From top down:
1) Application Layer
2) Transport Layer
3) Network Layer
4) Network Access Layer
TCP/IP
Two protocols used for the interconnection of internal networks and connection on the internet.
Internet Protocol
(IP) - Provides a connectionless data transfer service over heterogeneous networks by passing and routing IP datagrams.
IP datagram
Essentially, another name for a data packet.
IPv4 address length
32 bits
IP multicasting
The capability of a network server to transmit a data stream to more than one host at a time.
subnet masking
The practice of taking the host ID portion of an IP address and further dividing it into a subnet ID and a host ID.
IPv6
- 128 bits addressing
- Better support with extension headers
- Better security, with tow extension headers devoted entirely to security.
- More choices in type of service
Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP) - The function is to turn an unreliable network (such as the one created by IP) into a reliable network that is free from lost and duplicate packets.
CONNECTION-ORIENTED
TCP functions
1) Create a connection
2) Release a connection
3) Implement flow control - Ensure sending station does not overwhelm receiving station.
4) Establish multiplexing - Sends multiple connections over one IP connection.
5) Perform error recovery - Each byte is numbered in the order sent.
6) Establish priority - Data can be labeled as urgent.
Port number
Identifies an application on a device.
socket
The combination of the IP address and port number which creates a precise identification of a particular application on a particular devices.
Internet Control Message Protocol
(ICMP) - Used by routers and nodes to perform error reporting for the IP.
User Datagram Protocol
(UDP) - A no-frills transport protocol that does not establish connections, does not attempt to keep data packets in sequence, and does not watch for datagrams that have existed for too long.
CONNECTIONLESS
Multiprotocol Label Switching
(MPLS) - A technique that enables a router to switch data from one path onto another path.
Address Resolution Protocol
(ARP) - Takes an IP address in and IP datagram and translates it into the appropriate medium access control layer address for delivery on a local area network.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) - The most popular protocol for dynamic assignment of IP addresses to LAN connected computers.
Network Address Translation
(NAT) - It lets a router represent an entire local area network to the Internet as a single IP address.
virtual private network
(VPN) - A data network connection that makes use of the public telecommunications infrastructure but maintains privacy through the use of a tunneling protocol and security procedures.
tunneling protocol
Such as PPTP, is the command set that allows an organization to create secure connections using public resources such as the internet.
Point-to-Point Protocol
(PPP) - Is used for communication between two computers using a serial connection.
IPSec
An abbreviation for IP Security, it is a set of protocols developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force to support the secure exchange of data packets at the IP layer.
World Wide Web
(WWW) - A vast collection of electronic documents that are located on may different Web servers, and contain text and images that can be accessed by simply clicking links within a browser’s Web page.
Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML) - The language used to design webpages, it can be generated manually with a text-based editor such as Notepad, or through the use of a Web page authoring tool.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP) - An application layer protocol used by browsers to request web pages from servers and for servers to send the requested page back to the user’s browser.
HTTP Methods
GET - Retrieve a particular page.
HEAD - Uses a given URL to retrieve only the HTTP headers (not the document body) of the Web page.
PUT - Sends data from a user’s browser to a remote Web sit
DELETE - Requests that a server delete the information corresponding to a given URL.
Uniform Resource Locator
(URL) - The address that is given to every object on the internet that uniquely identifies the object and allows others to find it and retrieve it.
Domain Name System
(DNS) - A large, distributed database of Internet addresses and domain names. It is the database the Internet uses to translate a web address entered by a user into the 32-bit address used by computers and other networking devices.
domain name
A part of the URL which specifies a particular server at a particular site that contains the requested item. Example: gatekeeper.dec.com
top-level domain
This is the portion of the domain name that indicates which large entity the site is associated with. Examples: .com - commercial .gov - government .ca - Canada .uk - United Kingdom
mid-level domain name
Is usually the name of the organization (often a company or school) or host that is surviving up the object. Example:
www.google.com - google is the mid-level domain name.
lower-level domain name
Further subdivisions of the hast and are usually crated by the host. Examples:
www. fiberlock.com - www is the lower-level domain name
email. fiberlock.com - email is the lower-level domain name
domain name directory or subdirectory
Used to indicate which directory or subdirectory on the server, the document/object is located in. Example:
www.google.com/maps/ - maps is the subdirectory
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
(MIME) - A document created bye an e-mail program used to transfer files with an e-mail.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(SMTP) - An Internet protocol for sending and receiving email, and is used to preform the transfer.
Post Office Protocol version 3
(POP3) - Is the software that allows users to save e-mail messages in a server mailbox and download them when desired from the server.
Internet Message Access Protocol
(IMAP) - A more sophisticated alternative to POP3, it is a client/server protocol in which e-mail is received and held for you at your Internet server. You can look at just parts of it or you can download the entire message.
File Transfer Protocol
(FTP) - One of the first services offered on the Internet, its primary functions are to allow a user to download a file from a remote site to the user’s computer, and to upload a file from the user’s computer to a remote site.
Remote login or Telnet
A terminal emulation program for TCP/IP networks, such as the Internet, that allows users to log in to a remote computer.
Voice over IP
(VoIP) - The practice of making telephone cals over the Internet.
private VoIP
VoIP systems used for internal communication only.
VoIP gateway
A common device that performs the conversion of an analog telephone call (voice and signals) into the packetized IP data.