vocab bruh

Question 1

population

Answer 1

entire group of individuals we want information about

Question 2

census

Answer 2

collects data from every individual in the population

Question 3

sample

Answer 3

subset of individuals in the population from which we actually collect data

Question 4

How big must the population be compared to the sample?

Answer 4

10x

Question 5

bias

Answer 5

consistently underestimates or consistently overestimates the value you want to know

Question 6

convenience sample

Answer 6

choosing individuals from the population who are easy to reach, results in a convenience sample

Question 7

random sampling

Answer 7

involves using a chance process to determine which members of a population are included in the sample

Question 8

simple random sample (SRS)

Answer 8

every group of individuals in the population has an equal chance to be selected as the sample

Question 9

stratified random sample

Answer 9

classify population into groups of similar individuals and strata

Question 10

cluster sample

Answer 10

classify population into groups of individuals that are located near each other

Question 11

voluntary response sample

Answer 11

consists of people who choose themselves by responding to a general invitation

Question 12

inference

Answer 12

the process of drawing conclusions about a population on the basis of sample

Question 13

observational study

Answer 13

observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses

Question 14

experiment

Answer 14

deliberately imposes some treatment on individuals to measure their responses

Question 15

confounding

Answer 15

when two variables are associated in such a way that their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other

Question 16

treatment

Answer 16

a specific condition applied to the individuals in an experiment

Question 17

experimental units

Answer 17

the smallest collection of individuals to which treatments are applied

Question 18

double- blind experiment

Answer 18

neither the subjects nor those who interact with them and measure the response variable know which treatment a subject received

Question 19

a statistically significant association in data from a well- designed experiment implies what?

Answer 19

causation

Question 20

block

Answer 20

a group of experimental units that are known before the experiment to be similar in some way that is expected to affect the response to the treatments

Question 21

randomized block design

Answer 21

random assignment of experimental units to treatments is carried out separately within each block

Question 22

matched pairs design

Answer 22

randomized block experiment in which each block consists of a matching pair of similar experimental units

Question 23

What type of inference can be made from randomly selecting individuals?

Answer 23

inference about population

Question 24

What type of inference can be made from randomly assigning groups?

Answer 24

cause and effect

Question 25

difference between stratified random sample and blocks

Answer 25

a way to get subjects for block or random assignment, how you get groups. and then random assignment