Vocab and Diseases Flashcards
Complete loss of smell
Anosmia
A decreased sense of smell
hyposmia
an increased sense of smell
hyperosmia
a perversion of smell
parosmia
abnormally disagreeable smell
Cacosmia
involves the optic nerve or tract, the most common cause is MS. Lesion of the visual appartus.
Retrobulbar neuritis
Lesion of the visual appartus. Includes various forms of retinitis.
Optic or bulbar neuritis
Lesion of the visual appartus. Commonly seen symptom of increased intracranial pressure due to brain tumors, abscesses, hemorrhage, HTN.
Papilledema aka “Choked disc”
Lesion of the visual appartus. Associated with decreased visual acuity and a change in the color of the optic disc.
Optic Atrophy
Lesion of the visual appartus. Caused by processes that involve the optic nerve and DO NOT produce papilledema.
Primary Optic Atrophy
Lesion of the visual appartus. Sequel of papilledema.
Secondary Optic Atrophy
Lesion of the visual appartus. May be due to tabes dorsalis, MS, or hereditary.
Primary (simple optic atrophy)
Lesion of the visual appartus. May be due to neuritis, glaucoma, or increased intracranial pressure.
Secondary Optic atrophy
Lesion of the visual appartus.. Corneal scars, and arteriosclerotic changes in the retina may occur. Tumors and other lesions may interrupt optic pathways.
Opacities of the lens
Caused by tumors at the base of the frontal lobe. Characterized by ipsilateral blindness, and anosmia and contralateral papilledema.
Foster Kennedy Syndrome
Cerebromacular degeneration with severe mental deficiency occuring in Jewish families and is associated with blindness, optic atrophy, and a dark CHERRY RED spot in place of the macula lutea.
Amaurotic Familial idiocy (AKA Tay-Sachs Disease)
Reacts only to accommodation. Neither direct or indirect reaction to light.
Argyll Robertson Pupil
Characterized by a tonic pupillary reaction and the absence of one or more tendon reflexes. Pupil is “myotonic” slow reaction/contraction
Holmes-Adie Syndrome
Outward/lateral movement of eye?
Exotropia
Inward/medial movement of eye?
Esotropia
Deviation of bilateral eye alignment
Heterotropia
Hypertropia
move eyes up
move eyes down
Hypotropia
An example of a lesion affecting the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF) would be?
Multiple sclerosis
Involuntary eye oscillations. the result of uncoordinated attempts at controlling eye movement.
Nystagmus
a pupil that reacts to light very slowly, remains constricted longer, then dilates slowly. Occurs most often in young women and is benign.
Holmes- Adie Syndrome aka Adie’s Pupil/Tonic pupil
Reacts only to accommodation. Neither direct/indirect reaction to light.
Argyll Robertson pupil
**Sympathetic hypofunction due to lesions of the neck PROXIMAL to the carotid artery bifurcation that compresses ascending sympathetic fibers is what?
Horner’s Syndrome
An inward sinking of the eyeball in the eye socket
Enophthalmos
Clinical testing for peripheral vision is accomplished via a technique known as…?
Confrontation
The apparent pupillodilation with light introduction is known as?
Marcus-Gunn phenomenon
If inflammation is behind the portion of the optic disc that can be visualized during exam, it may be referred to as
Acute retrobulbar neuritis
Collections of degenerative deposits that often appear in the fundus of elderly people.
Drusen Bodies
Common disorder of CN V, idiopathic syndrome usually sharp, painful sensation in the clear distribution of the opthalmic, maxillary or mandibular divisions.
Trigeminal Neuralgia aka Tic Douloureux and Fothergill’s Neuralgia
Corneal reflex may be absent in early cases of what?
Multiple sclerosis
Parasympathetic fibers cause increase secretion of what saliva?
THIN, WATERY
Sympathetic cause increase secretion of what salive?
THICK, TURBID
Peripheral facial paralysis
Prosopoplegia
Lesion is peripheral to the geniculate ganglion, Flaccid paralysis involving all IPSILATERAL facial muscles
Bell’s Palsy
Forehead is spared, central type of facial paralysis
Stroke
Complete taste loss
Ageusia
Peripheral lesions in CN VII must be PROXIMAL to what to affect taste?
Stylomastoid Foramen
A decrease or loss of hearing
Hypoacusis
An increase in intensity of hearing
Hyperacusis
Vestibular diseases are always accompanied by ____.
Vertigo
Complete bilateral CN ___ paralysis is not compatible with Life.
CN X
Loss of voice
Aphonia
faulty articulation
dysarthria
no articulation
Anarthria
faulty swallowing
dysphagia
no swalling
aphagia
increased air entering into nasal cavity
hypernasal
decreased air entering into nasal cavity
hyponasal
Uncoordinated movement
Dyssynergia
inaccuracy in measuring distance
Dysmetria
Inability to perform actions properly
Diadochokinesia
Tactile disc of Merkel receptors are sensitive to light touch or nondiscriminating touch (______)
Thigmesthesia
Discriminating touch is called
Topesthesia
Loss of vibratory sensation
Pallanesthesia
Nociceptive impulses travel along the slightly myelinated ___ ____ fibers and along the unmyelinated __ fibers.
A Delta; C
decreased pain sensitivity
Hypalgesia
increased pain sensitivity
Hyperalgesia
If fasciculations are not seen by the naked eye but can be demonstrated electromyographically, they are called what?
Fibrillations
Loss of normal neurological function.
Deficit phenomena
exaggerations or perversions of normal neurological function due to loss of cortical inhibition.
Release Phenomena
Two types of typertonia?
Spasticity and Rigidity
increased muscular resistance felt by the examiner during quick joint movement, then quickly fades away “CLASPED KNIFE”
Spasticity
Involuntary muscular resistance felt when moving a resting joint and persists as the joint is moved through its entire range of motion. “GOOSENECK”
Rigidity
When testing the patellar reflexes, the patient is asked to hook his fingers and try to pull them apart at the time the reflex is being tested. This is called what?
Method of Jendrassik
Shaking in the fingers due to agonists and antagonists
Physiological tremor
startle reactions and are usually normal occurrences
Myoclonic jerks
Twitches within the muscles often after exercise and are not pathological
Benign Fasciculations
