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NMS Exam 1 > Vocab and Diseases > Flashcards

Vocab and Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Complete loss of smell

A

Anosmia

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2
Q

A decreased sense of smell

A

hyposmia

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3
Q

an increased sense of smell

A

hyperosmia

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4
Q

a perversion of smell

A

parosmia

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5
Q

abnormally disagreeable smell

A

Cacosmia

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6
Q

involves the optic nerve or tract, the most common cause is MS. Lesion of the visual appartus.

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

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7
Q

Lesion of the visual appartus. Includes various forms of retinitis.

A

Optic or bulbar neuritis

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8
Q

Lesion of the visual appartus. Commonly seen symptom of increased intracranial pressure due to brain tumors, abscesses, hemorrhage, HTN.

A

Papilledema aka “Choked disc”

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9
Q

Lesion of the visual appartus. Associated with decreased visual acuity and a change in the color of the optic disc.

A

Optic Atrophy

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10
Q

Lesion of the visual appartus. Caused by processes that involve the optic nerve and DO NOT produce papilledema.

A

Primary Optic Atrophy

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11
Q

Lesion of the visual appartus. Sequel of papilledema.

A

Secondary Optic Atrophy

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12
Q

Lesion of the visual appartus. May be due to tabes dorsalis, MS, or hereditary.

A

Primary (simple optic atrophy)

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13
Q

Lesion of the visual appartus. May be due to neuritis, glaucoma, or increased intracranial pressure.

A

Secondary Optic atrophy

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14
Q

Lesion of the visual appartus.. Corneal scars, and arteriosclerotic changes in the retina may occur. Tumors and other lesions may interrupt optic pathways.

A

Opacities of the lens

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15
Q

Caused by tumors at the base of the frontal lobe. Characterized by ipsilateral blindness, and anosmia and contralateral papilledema.

A

Foster Kennedy Syndrome

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16
Q

Cerebromacular degeneration with severe mental deficiency occuring in Jewish families and is associated with blindness, optic atrophy, and a dark CHERRY RED spot in place of the macula lutea.

A

Amaurotic Familial idiocy (AKA Tay-Sachs Disease)

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17
Q

Reacts only to accommodation. Neither direct or indirect reaction to light.

A

Argyll Robertson Pupil

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18
Q

Characterized by a tonic pupillary reaction and the absence of one or more tendon reflexes. Pupil is “myotonic” slow reaction/contraction

A

Holmes-Adie Syndrome

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19
Q

Outward/lateral movement of eye?

A

Exotropia

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20
Q

Inward/medial movement of eye?

A

Esotropia

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21
Q

Deviation of bilateral eye alignment

A

Heterotropia

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22
Q

Hypertropia

A

move eyes up

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23
Q

move eyes down

A

Hypotropia

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24
Q

An example of a lesion affecting the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF) would be?

A

Multiple sclerosis

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25
Q

Involuntary eye oscillations. the result of uncoordinated attempts at controlling eye movement.

A

Nystagmus

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26
Q

a pupil that reacts to light very slowly, remains constricted longer, then dilates slowly. Occurs most often in young women and is benign.

A

Holmes- Adie Syndrome aka Adie’s Pupil/Tonic pupil

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27
Q

Reacts only to accommodation. Neither direct/indirect reaction to light.

A

Argyll Robertson pupil

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28
Q

**Sympathetic hypofunction due to lesions of the neck PROXIMAL to the carotid artery bifurcation that compresses ascending sympathetic fibers is what?

A

Horner’s Syndrome

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29
Q

An inward sinking of the eyeball in the eye socket

A

Enophthalmos

30
Q

Clinical testing for peripheral vision is accomplished via a technique known as…?

A

Confrontation

31
Q

The apparent pupillodilation with light introduction is known as?

A

Marcus-Gunn phenomenon

32
Q

If inflammation is behind the portion of the optic disc that can be visualized during exam, it may be referred to as

A

Acute retrobulbar neuritis

33
Q

Collections of degenerative deposits that often appear in the fundus of elderly people.

A

Drusen Bodies

34
Q

Common disorder of CN V, idiopathic syndrome usually sharp, painful sensation in the clear distribution of the opthalmic, maxillary or mandibular divisions.

A

Trigeminal Neuralgia aka Tic Douloureux and Fothergill’s Neuralgia

35
Q

Corneal reflex may be absent in early cases of what?

A

Multiple sclerosis

36
Q

Parasympathetic fibers cause increase secretion of what saliva?

A

THIN, WATERY

37
Q

Sympathetic cause increase secretion of what salive?

A

THICK, TURBID

38
Q

Peripheral facial paralysis

A

Prosopoplegia

39
Q

Lesion is peripheral to the geniculate ganglion, Flaccid paralysis involving all IPSILATERAL facial muscles

A

Bell’s Palsy

40
Q

Forehead is spared, central type of facial paralysis

A

Stroke

41
Q

Complete taste loss

A

Ageusia

42
Q

Peripheral lesions in CN VII must be PROXIMAL to what to affect taste?

A

Stylomastoid Foramen

43
Q

A decrease or loss of hearing

A

Hypoacusis

44
Q

An increase in intensity of hearing

A

Hyperacusis

45
Q

Vestibular diseases are always accompanied by ____.

A

Vertigo

46
Q

Complete bilateral CN ___ paralysis is not compatible with Life.

A

CN X

47
Q

Loss of voice

A

Aphonia

48
Q

faulty articulation

A

dysarthria

49
Q

no articulation

A

Anarthria

50
Q

faulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

51
Q

no swalling

A

aphagia

52
Q

increased air entering into nasal cavity

A

hypernasal

53
Q

decreased air entering into nasal cavity

A

hyponasal

54
Q

Uncoordinated movement

A

Dyssynergia

55
Q

inaccuracy in measuring distance

A

Dysmetria

56
Q

Inability to perform actions properly

A

Diadochokinesia

57
Q

Tactile disc of Merkel receptors are sensitive to light touch or nondiscriminating touch (______)

A

Thigmesthesia

58
Q

Discriminating touch is called

A

Topesthesia

59
Q

Loss of vibratory sensation

A

Pallanesthesia

60
Q

Nociceptive impulses travel along the slightly myelinated ___ ____ fibers and along the unmyelinated __ fibers.

A

A Delta; C

61
Q

decreased pain sensitivity

A

Hypalgesia

62
Q

increased pain sensitivity

A

Hyperalgesia

63
Q

If fasciculations are not seen by the naked eye but can be demonstrated electromyographically, they are called what?

A

Fibrillations

64
Q

Loss of normal neurological function.

A

Deficit phenomena

65
Q

exaggerations or perversions of normal neurological function due to loss of cortical inhibition.

A

Release Phenomena

66
Q

Two types of typertonia?

A

Spasticity and Rigidity

67
Q

increased muscular resistance felt by the examiner during quick joint movement, then quickly fades away “CLASPED KNIFE”

A

Spasticity

68
Q

Involuntary muscular resistance felt when moving a resting joint and persists as the joint is moved through its entire range of motion. “GOOSENECK”

A

Rigidity

69
Q

When testing the patellar reflexes, the patient is asked to hook his fingers and try to pull them apart at the time the reflex is being tested. This is called what?

A

Method of Jendrassik

70
Q

Shaking in the fingers due to agonists and antagonists

A

Physiological tremor

71
Q

startle reactions and are usually normal occurrences

A

Myoclonic jerks

72
Q

Twitches within the muscles often after exercise and are not pathological

A

Benign Fasciculations

NMS Exam 1 (2 decks)

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