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Orals prep > Vocab > Flashcards

Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Knowledge that is independent from experience. Examples include mathematics, tautologies, and deduction from pure reason

A

A priori

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2
Q

Bythos which is the bottom of the abyss.

A

Abyss

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3
Q

A theoretical and methodological approach to social theory where everything in the social and natural worlds exists in constantly shifting networks of relationships. It posits that nothing exists outside those relationships

A

Bruno Latour’s Actor Network Theory

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4
Q

Unconcealedness and disclosure.

Helps to think of truth as that which is revealed rather than static correctness.

A

Aletheia

Heidegger

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5
Q

“love of fate” or love of one’s fate

everything happens in life, even pain and loss, so acceptance of events and situations is good.

A

Amor Fati

Nietzsche uses term in Gay Science

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6
Q

mutual incompatibility, real or apparent, of two laws (used in logic)

A

Antinomies

Kant

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7
Q

Short phrase of a truth; truism

A

Aphoristic

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8
Q

beyond dispute, a given

A

Apodictic

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9
Q

a philosophical puzzle or puzzlement

A

Aporia

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10
Q

difference - which is (arche=origin)

kind of writing that precedes both speech and writing; it is language, seen in cultures that do not have proper writing, as in notches on a stick, etc.

A

Arche-writing (Derrida)

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11
Q

form of life

A

Bios

Arendt

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12
Q

vbricoleur in French is a handy-man, odd-jobs man, bricolage means pieced together. C Levi-Strauss uses this term and Derrida reminds us C L-S is a bricoleur.

A

Bricoleur/Bricolage

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13
Q

A break, audible pause, natural break within a poem

A

Caesura

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14
Q

An unconditional moral obligation which is binding in all circumstances and is not dependent on a person’s inclination or purpose.

A

Categorical imperative

Kantian ethics

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15
Q

A theory and philosophy of language, this is how configurations of time and space are represented in language and discourse.

A

Chronotope

Bakhtin who used this as a central element in his theory of meaning in language and literature.

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16
Q

The principle establishing the existence of a being from the fact of its thinking or awareness.

A

Cogito

Descartes’s formula (1641) cogito, ergo sum ‘I think therefore I am’.

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17
Q

A term that means the same as constructed

A

Constitutive

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18
Q

Heideggerian term for the human experience of being (aware of personhood, mortality, and living with others while ultimately being alone)

A

Dasein

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19
Q

“the movement by which one leaves a territory”, also known as a “line of flight”

A

Deterritorialization (Deleuze)

A Thousand Plateaus =

Relative Deterritorialization - always accompanied by reterritorialization

Positive Absolute Deterritorialization - constructs a “plane of immanence”

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20
Q

Concerned with how something, such as language, develops and evolves through time.

A

Diachronic

Kristeva, Bakhtin, Baudrillard

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21
Q

A discussion - reasoning by dialogue as a method of intellectual investigation (Hegel’s thesis/anti-thesis, synthesis)

A

Dialectic

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22
Q

Term used by Bakhtin in literary theory: dialogic literature is done through continuous dialog, always informing, and using information from earlier (not merely an answer to the previous) and cuts across authors and works. As opposed to monologic.

A

Dialogic

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23
Q

Two-way or consisting of two parts

A

Dyad

Kristeva, Nietzsche

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24
Q

“all that has come to presence in the world has been enframed” (wikip); the essence of technology is that it fundamentally enframes; “the world has been framed as a standing-reserve” (wikip)

A

Enframing
(Heidegger)

(German word Gestell)

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25
Q

A second-rate imitator or follower, especially of an artist or a philosopher. [Dostoevsky’s characters representatives of this type of worldly line of aphoristic thinking who spout banal witticisms and aphorisms.]

A

Epigonic
(Heidegger, Bakhtin)
Greek Epigonoi - sons of the seven heroes against Thebes

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26
Q

Historical, non-temporal, a priori knowledge that grounds truth and discourses, thus representing the condition of their possibility within a particular epoch.

A

Episteme (Foucault - On the Order of Things)

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27
Q

The study of knowledge as a branch of philosophy

A

Epistemology

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28
Q

work itself (Parergon: frame)

A

Ergon

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29
Q

Making implicit or latent things explicit of manifest (Sloterdijk)

A

Explication

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30
Q

One of the three types of space (area)

  1. World space (space as container or void in which things are)
  2. regions: those areas that we know, like work/desk area, sleep area, the familiar, and
  3. Dasein: beingness
A

Gegend
(Heidegger)

German word for area

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31
Q

philosophy of knowledge, the philosophical theory of knowledge, the theory of human faculties for learning, and the theory of cognition. The metaphysical theory of knowledge

A

Gnoseology
(Baumgarten)

from the Ancient Greek words gnosis (“knowledge”) and logos (“word” or “discourse”)

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32
Q

study of the theory and practice of interpretation (such as interpreting the Bible or legal texts)

A

Hermeneutics

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33
Q

deviating from the norm, eccentric, abnormal

A

Heteroclite

Use once or twice by Deleuze, Foucault, and Baudrillard

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34
Q

Knowledge derived from experience

Relates to a type of argument that derives the theory from the evidence.

A

a posteriori

Kant

35
Q

Knowledge that is unbiased, undistorted, unqualified, all-encompassing, free from counter-examples and internal inconsistencies.

A

Absolute Knowledge

Hegel

36
Q

a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy

A

Ideology

37
Q

individuation, embodied selfhood, sameness of self

A

Ipseity

Levinas, Nancy

38
Q

A French term meaning beyond-pleasure precisely through the inhibiting of desire itself, beyond enjoyment, and traditionally relates to sexual pleasure/desires.

A

Jouissance
(Used by Lacon, Freud, and Nancy)

Lacan refers to jouissance as an overriding force/tendency compelling repetitions of experiences or events upsetting the calm, delicate equilibrium of psychical subjectivity’s Imaginary-Symbolic reality (hence the association of jouissance with the Real).

39
Q

A purification of the emotions

for Aristotle, this happened through Greek Tragedy

A

Katharsis

Aristotle

40
Q

An attempt to take seriously developments in biblical criticism and psychology, and to address criticisms of orthodox Christianity, while at the same time defending the traditional view that Christ was both truly divine and truly human.

A

Kenotic Christology

In Kant, Christology = Christ is an object of saving faith not because he once existed and was the son of God, but because he is an exemplary ‘archetype lying in our reason . . . of a course of life well-pleasing to God’ (RL p. 119, p. 110).

41
Q

Missing section of text, a long silence in music

In feminist thought - a term to describe how members of marginalized groups might suffer b/c representational resources that are available to them might lack the concepts and terms that would allow them to understand and communicate their experiences.

A

Lacuna

42
Q

word, thinking or reasoning

A

Logos

Plato

43
Q

the doctrine that nothing exists except matter and its movements and modifications.

A

Materialism

Marx reversed the Hegelian dialectic for a view of historical materialism

Kant argued against materialism in defending his transcendental idealism

Deleuze and Guattari develop a new materialism = politicized philosophy of difference + sciences (Difference and Repetition)

44
Q

A type of narrative in critical theory and particularly in postmodernism that describes a narrative about narratives of historical meaning, experience, or knowledge, which offers a society legitimation through the anticipated completion of a master idea.

A

Meta-narrative

Discussed by Deleuze, Heidegger, and Greenberg

45
Q

use of a related word to replace another word, when the meaning is similar or related, such as replacing “The Crown” with “The King,” as a representative of that concept.

A

Metonym

46
Q

A term used to describe imitative practices.

A

Mimesis
(Irigaray, Plato)

Plato regarded mimesis as dangerous because substitutes illusion for truth, and it does so in seductively pleasurable ways.

Irigaray’s strategy of mimesis is a powerful feminist tool, both philosophically and politically.

47
Q

a concept in the psychoanalytic theory that is based on the belief that infants recognize themselves in a mirror (literal) which induces apperception (the turning of oneself into an object that can be viewed by the child from outside themselves) from the age of about six months.

A

Mirror Stage/Phase
(Jacques Lacan)

By the early 1950s, Lacan’s concept of the mirror stage had evolved: he no longer considered the mirror stage as a moment in the life of the infant, but as representing a permanent structure of subjectivity, or as the paradigm of “Imaginary order”.

48
Q

Dialectical thinking that derives this dynamic from its ability to reveal “contradictions” within almost any category or identity.

A wide variety of relations difference, opposition, reflection or relation.

It can indicate the mere insufficiency of a category or its incoherence. Most dramatically, categories are sometimes shown to be self-contradictory.

A

Negation
(Hegel)

Hegel describes his thinking as power of “negation”.

Dialectical thinking derives its dynamic of negation from its ability to reveal “contradictions” within almost any category or identity.

Hegel’s “contradiction” does not simply mean a mechanical denial or opposition. Indeed, he challenges the classical notion of static self-identity, A = A, or A not= non-A.

49
Q

A type of economics that supports free trade, deregulation, reduction of government spending, privatization, emerged in 1930s Europe; in the 1960s (Pinochet) the term came to mean otherwise, by the 1980s it was used simply to imply free trade, capitalism. Today largely unknown in the US .

A

Neoliberalism

50
Q

A term for that which cannot be explained through science, takes the place of religion.

A

Oceanic

Freud

51
Q

A branch of metaphysics dealing with philosophical study of the nature of being, existence

A

Ontology

ontic=being real

52
Q

the thing-in-itself

A

Neumena

Kant

53
Q

the thing as it appears to an observer

A

phenomenon

Kant

54
Q

Master key

but Derrida uses it as the topos in which a work takes place

A

Passe-partout

55
Q

content-less, empty image

A

Phatic Image

Virilio

56
Q

Concerned with the systematic reflection on and study of the structures of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in acts of consciousness. This ontology (study of reality) can be clearly differentiated from the Cartesian method of analysis which sees the world as objects, sets of objects, and objects acting and reacting upon one another.

A

Phenomenology

Husserl

57
Q

A term in the philosophical movement of phenomenology describing an act of suspending judgment about the natural world to instead focus on analysis of experience.

A

Phenomenological Bracketing

58
Q

Hierarchy of spoken over written word, written being parasitical, supplementary, supported by Plato, Aristotle, Saussure, Levi-Strauss.

Logocentrism would be the opposite, with the written word held higher; Derrida deconstructs the hierarchical systems.

A

Phonologism

59
Q

From Greek “to make”

root of the word “poetry”

A

Poesi

60
Q
  • a philosophical system in which every rationally justifiable assertion can be scientifically verified or is capable of logical or mathematical proof.
  • society acts on general laws like science;
  • true knowledge is based only on empirical evidence
  • intuitive thought is rejected
A

Positivism

Plato - laid out Positivism as a quarrel between philosophy and poetry, and later reformulated as a quarrel between the sciences and the humanities.

  • rejects metaphysics and theism.
61
Q

An implicit understanding of being.

Whereas an ontology is explicitly developed (theoretical and conceptually articulated), this is merely implicit in the way in which we relate to entities.

A

Pre-ontology

Heidegger

62
Q

preparatory instruction, providing such

Greek term used by the Germans to indicate the knowledge which is necessary or useful for understanding or practising an art or science, or which unfolds its nature and extent, and the method of learning it. It is applied, to special introductions to particular branches of study and auxiliary sciences, logic, philology, etc.,

A

Propaeduetic

63
Q

to convert into a concrete thing or form that which is abstract; concretize

A

Reify
(Foucault, Heidegger, Kristeva, Bakhtin)
(from latin “thing” + ify)

64
Q

-morality of the slave, refers to the feeling of the slave when he sees around him what he does not have in life; this brooding resentment festers, but makes him more clever than the noble man/master who does not worry of such things; it is a negative sentiment, bitterness and hatred come from it, focuses on the other instead of himself so he becomes insipid and dull.

A

Ressentiment (resentment)

Nietzsche considers modern European attitudes a result of morality of the slave, ressentiment. BTY, Nietzsche uses this French term because there is no equivalent for resentment in German!

65
Q
  • theory and research that allows for multiple, non-hierarchical entry and exit points in data representation and interpretation.
  • oppose it to an arborescent (hierarchic, tree-like) conception of knowledge, which works with dualist categories and binary choices.
  • works with planar and trans-species connections, while an arborescent model works with vertical and linear connections.
A

Rhizome

A Thousand Plateaus D&G

66
Q

the study of meaning-making. This includes the study of signs and sign processes, indication, designation, likeness, analogy, metaphor, symbolism, signification, and communication

A

Semiotics

Umberto Eco - Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language

67
Q

The distinction between Being (das Sein) and beings (das Seiende), between the ontological and the ontic. Fundamental.

A

Ontological Difference

Heidegger

68
Q

An international organization of social revolutionaries made up of avant-garde artists, intellectuals, and political theorists. It was prominent in Europe from its formation in 1957 to its dissolution in 1972. Its intellectual foundations were derived primarily from Libertarian Marxism and the avant-garde art movements of the early 20th century, particularly Dada and Surrealism. Overall, situationist theory represented an attempt to synthesize this diverse field of theoretical disciplines into a modern and comprehensive critique of mid-20th century advanced capitalism.

A

Situationist International

In 1956, Guy Debord, a member of the Lettrist International, and Asger Jorn of the International Movement for an Imaginist Bauhaus, brought together a group of artistic collectives for the First World Congress of Free Artists in Alba, Italy. The meeting established the foundation for the development of the Situationist International, which was officially formed in July 1957 at a meeting in Cosio di Arroscia, Italy.

69
Q

The theory that only the self exists, or can be proved to exist.

An epistemological position that holds that knowledge of anything outside one’s own mind is unsure; the external world and other minds cannot be known and might not exist outside the mind.

A

Solipsism - (Latin solus ‘alone’, and ipse ‘self’)

Descartes - individual’s understanding of any and all psychological concepts (thinking, willing, perceiving, etc.) is accomplished by making an analogy with his or her own mental states; i.e., by abstraction from inner experience.

Solipsism first recorded by the Greek presocratic sophist, Gorgias (c. 483–375 BC) stated: Nothing exists. Even if something exists, nothing can be known about it. Even if something could be known about it, knowledge about it cannot be communicated to others.

70
Q

originally developed by Heidegger, used extensively by Derrida to connote “inadequate but necessary.”

A

“Sous Rature” (under erasure)

71
Q

A term to describe the social world of linguistic communication, intersubjective relations, knowledge of ideological conventions, and the acceptance of the law (also called the “big Other”). Once a child enters into language and accepts the rules and dictates of society, it is able to deal with others.

A

Symbolic Order (Lacan)

72
Q

A formula or assertion that is true in every possible interpretation

A series of statements that comes to a specific conclusion that cannot be proved false; it thus does not contain useful information because it is the argument alone that is the basis for the ‘true’ conclusion.

A

Tautology (rhetoric)

Philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein first applied the term to redundancies of propositional logic in 1921, borrowing from rhetoric, where a tautology is a repetitive statement.

73
Q

A term in philosophy that refers to making or doing.

A

Techne

Martin Heidegger, Aristotle, Plato

74
Q

Idea or doctrine that there is design (purpose) of nature.

A

Teleology

75
Q

Justice begins here for Levinas.

A

The Third Man
(Levinas)

also discussed as “third party”

“The third party introduces a contradiction in the saying whose signification before the other until then went in one direction [toward the singular other]. It is of itself the limit of responsibility and the birth of the question: What do I have to do with justice? A question of consciousness.” (OBBE: 157)

76
Q

Transcending historical bounds

A

Transhistorical

Used by George Smith

77
Q

A traditional or conventional literary or rhetorical theme or topic, literally meaning common place.

A

Topos

Greek word short for “koinos topos” meaning common place

78
Q

An object (such as an animal or plant) serving as the emblem of a family or clan and often as a reminder of its ancestry.

A usually carved or painted representation of such an object.

A

Totem

Freud - Totem and Taboo

79
Q

lack of presence, lack of originary, trace itself becomes origin in a sense because there is no actual origin, relates to Heidegger’s sous rature.

A

Trace

Derrida

80
Q

Extending or lying beyond the limits of ordinary experience.

In Kantian philosophy: being beyond the limits of all possible experience and knowledge.

A

Transcendent
(Kant)

transcending the universe or material existence

81
Q

While Lacan argues that the real is veiled, his term for an encounter with the real is ____.

A

Tuchē

In his Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, Jacques Lacan discusses accident/chance
in terms of the Aristotelian division of chance into chance for subjects - tuchē - and chance
for objects - automaton. Subjective chance is the “encounter with the Real,” discussed in
terms of the dream.

Kristeva will discuss encounters with the real through the notion of the “abject”

82
Q

bare physiological life

A

Zoe (Arendt)

Zoe and bios both mean life in Greek, but they are not synonymous. Zoe refers to life in general, without characterization. Bios characterizes a specific life, the outlines that distinguish one living thing from another.

83
Q

Mikhail Bakhtin discusses this notion as it relates to linguistics and literature. Bakhtin explains that _______ in a novel is the double-voiced discourse in which “another’s speech in another’s language, [serves] to express authorial intentions but in a refracted way” (288)

A

Heteroglossia

Orals prep (2 decks)

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